必修三module3知识点.doc

1．violence n. [U]猛烈；猛力；暴力(行为)
①The violence of the hurricane caused great damage.
猛烈的飓风造成了巨大的损失。
②The criminal committed violence in stabbing his victim.
罪犯行凶，用匕首刺伤了受害者。
violent 用作形容词，表示“using, showing, accompanied by great force”，即“使用暴力的；猛烈的；激烈的”的意思。violent blows “猛烈的打击”
①The enemies started another violent attack.
敌人又发动了一轮猛攻。
②Being in a violent temper, he hit his wife in the face.
盛怒之下，他打了妻子一记耳光
fierce; violent; wild
这些形容词均含“剧烈的；凶猛的；狂暴的”之意。
1)fierce普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
The famous boxer killed a fierce wolf with his bare hands.
那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一头凶猛的恶狼
2)violent普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.
学生与警方发生了暴力冲突。
3)wild普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
They are wild with joy when “their” player or team wins.
当“他们的”选手或运动队赢得胜利时，他们欣喜若狂。
即学即用
Many people say________is shown on TV.
A．too much violence　　　　
B．much too violence
C．too many violences
D．quite a few violences
答案：A
2．flood n. 洪水；水灾；涨潮；vt. & vi. 淹没；(使)泛滥；涌入
①Many houses were carried away by the flood.
洪水冲走了很多房子。
②Every spring, the river floods the valley.
每年春天，河水都把山谷淹没。
③Requests for information flooded in after the advertisement.
广告登出之后，索取资料的信件像雪片般飞来
高考直击
(2009·辽宁)When we visited my old family home, memory came________back.
A．flooding B．to flood
C．flood D．flooded
解析：考查伴随状语用法。flood“使大受感动；充满”。flooding back 做伴随状语，句意为：当我们回到老家时，往事涌上心头。
答案：A即学即用
These days it has been raining in South China. Most big rivers are________.
A．in need B．in return
C．in flood D．in a bad mood
答案：C
3．disaster n.
①The fire was a great disaster.
那次火灾是一场大灾难。
②I hope we can learn some lessons from this disaster.
我希望我们能从这次的灾难中得到一些教训。
翻译句子
数千人在这次灾难中丧生。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Thousands died in the disaster.
4．experience
1)n. [U]经验；体验
①He has much experience in teaching.
他有着丰富的教学经验。
②He didn't get the post, due to lacking experience.
因为缺乏经验，他没有得到那个职位。
2)n. [C]经历
①Please tell us your experiences while in Africa.
请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。
②Reaching the top of Mount Tai was an unforgettable experience.
登上泰山极顶是一次难忘的经历。
3)v. 经历；体验
Have you ever experienced real hunger?
你体验过真正Mr Kroll is an officer with experience, who has many odd experiences.
克罗尔是个有经验的军官，他有着很多奇怪的经历。
的饥饿吗？
高考直击
(2010·福建·31)—Guess what ，we've got our visas for a short­term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You ________ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
解析：考查时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证；再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项伟现在完成进行时，D项伟将来完成时，均不符合句意。
答案：A

即学即用
Human beings have five senses________the world around them.
A．for experiencing
B．being experienced
C．for being experienced
D．experienced
答案：A
5．cause
1)vt. 使发生；造成；引起；导致

①This car caused me a lot of trouble.
这辆车给我带来许多麻烦。
②He often causes trouble to people.
他常给人们惹麻烦。
③His illness caused him to miss the game.
他因病不能参加比赛。
2)n. [C]原因；起因(常与of连用)
Carelessness is often the cause of fires.
粗心大意常常是火灾的起因。
3)n. [C]事业；目标；思想
They are fighting for the republican cause.
他们在为共和国的事业而奋斗。
词语辨析
cause, excuse, reason
cause造成某事的直接原因，后接of短语或不定式
reason从逻辑推理上得出结论的原因，后接for短语
excuse用来推卸责任的借口
高考直击
(2010·天津·12) It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused
C. causing D. to cause
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。
答案：C
即学即用
The flu is believed________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A．causing B．being caused
C．to be caused D．to have caused
答案：C
find out指通过努力，比如观察、探索、研究而发现事实的真相或发现秘密、错误等。一般用于“find out sth.; find out＋that从句”等结构。
①He promised to find out the cause of this accident.
他承诺要查明事故的原因。
②Have you found out who broke the window?
你弄清是谁打碎了玻璃吗？
注意：表示“发现；找到”的词还有find, discover，但它们在用法上有一定的区别：find侧重指发现的结果；与look for相对应；discover主要指发现客观存在的事物或发现已经存在但不为人知的事情。
①Have you found the book that you have been looking for?
你找到你一直在找的书了吗？
②He searched all the room, but didn't find what he wanted.
他找遍了整个房间也没找到他要的东西。
③It is Columbus who discovered America.
是哥伦布发现了美洲。
高考直击
(2010·江苏·26) The experiment has ________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out
C. ruled out D. carried out
解析：rule out“排除”；find out “查找出”； point out“指出”； carry out“执行，实施”。
答案：C
即学即用
This picture was taken a long time ago. I wounder if you can ________ my father.
A．find out B．pick out
C．look out D．speak out
答案：B

1．current
1)n. [C]水流；潮流；气流
①He swam to the shore against a strong current.
他逆着急流游向岸边。
②Birds use warm air currents to help their flight.
鸟类利用暖气流帮助飞行。
2)n. [C, U]电流
The current includes a direct current and an alternating current.
电流分直流电和交流电。
3)n. [C]思潮；潮流；趋向
Ministers are worried by this current of anti­government feeling.
部长们被这股反政府情绪所困扰。
4)adj. 现在发生的；当前的；现在的(只用在名词前)
He is your current employer.
他是你现在的雇主。
5)adj. 通用的；流通的；流行的
That word is no longer in current use.
那个词已不通用。
知识拓展
currently adv. 现时；当前
current account 活期存款账户；往来账户
current affairs 时事
2．furniture n. [U] 家具
furniture为不可数名词，不能说a furniture，也不能说furnitures表示“一件家具”要说a piece of furniture。
注意：英语中有些名词为典型的不可数名词，任何时候都不能加不定冠词，也不能用复数。如fun, equipment, weather, news, advice, information等
即学即用
改错
We need to buy some new furnitures.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：furnitures→furniture
3．tornado n. 龙卷风
hurricane n. [C] 飓风
cyclone n. [C] 旋风
typhoon n. [C]台风
4．latitude n．纬度
①Beijing is at 40 degrees north latitude.
北京在北纬40度。
联想
longitude n. [U] 经度
知识拓展
1)latitudinal adj. 纬度(方向)的
2)altitude n. 海拔；高度
3)attitude n. 态度
5．bury vt.
1)土葬；海葬
①He was buried with his wife.
他和他的妻子葬在了一起。
②Where is Shakespeare buried?
莎士比亚葬于何处？
③He's been dead and buried for years!
他已经死亡并且被埋葬多年了！
2)丧失
She has buried five sons in the war.
战争中她丧失了5个儿子。
3)隐藏；掩埋；覆盖
①Our dog buries its bones in the garden.
我们的狗把骨头埋在花园里。
②She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她双手掩面哭了起来。
4)忘记
①It's time to bury our differences and be friends again.
该是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。
②He buried himself in the country to write a book.
他隐居到乡下去写书。
③In the evenings he buries himself in his books.
每天晚上他都埋头读书。

Be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于 专心致志于
6．occur vi. to happen 发生
①That accident occurred yesterday.
那事故是昨天发生的。
②Didn't it occur to you that your husband might be late?
你当时没想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？
③The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to her.
她压根没想到自己可能会错。
④I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police!
我想你压根没想到给警察打电话吧
知识拓展
occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起；被想到
It occurs to sb. that... 某人想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事
词语辨析
occur, happen, take place与break out
1)当事件作主语时，occur和happen同义，可互换；
An idea occurred to me.
一个想法出现在我的脑海里。
2)在表示“在脑海中出现某种想法”时，应使用occur而不用happen；
It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.
我想起可以邀请3)在表示“碰巧做某事；偶然做某事”时，应使用happen而不用occur；
At that time I happened to have no money about me.
那时，我碰巧身上没带钱。她共进晚餐。
4)take place作“发生”讲时，更多用于事先计划或预想到的事情，没有“偶然”之意，常可引申为“进行，举行”；
①Great changes have taken place in the town in the last two years.
在过去的两年中，这个镇上发生了巨大的变化。(不用happen)
②When will the sports meeting take place?
运动会将在什么时候举行？(不用happen)

5)break out表示“(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等的)爆发”。
A big fire broke out last night.
昨晚发生了一场火灾。
高考直击
(2010·陕西·18) It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A. which 　　　 B. what　　　
C. that 　　 D. if
解析：考查固定句型。It occurs/occurred to sb that ...是固定句型，意思是：突然想起．.....，其中that引导主语从句，选C。
答案：C
即学即用
I________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident________.
A．went; was occurring　　
B．went; occurred
C．was going; occurred
D．was going; had occurred
答案：C
7． wave n. [C]波浪
v. 挥手，挥动，波动
①The waves crashed against the rocks.
波浪冲击着岩石。
②She waved her hand to say good­bye.
她挥手告别。
③She lifted her arm and waved at us.
她举起手臂向我们挥
8．hit
1)v. 击；打
She hit him on the head with her umbrella.
她用雨伞打他的头。
注意：hit作“打；击中；碰撞”讲时，后常接身体部位的介词短语。若该部位较硬或较突出，用介词on或against；若该部位下凹则用介词in。
舞起来。
①He hit his head on the door.
他一头撞到了门上。
②John hit him in the face.
约翰打了他的脸。
注意：介词和名词之间必须用定冠词，而不用物主代词。
2)v. 袭击；击中；使遭受
A powerful earthquake hit the small town.
这个小城镇遭受了一次强烈的地震。
3)v. 到达(某地)；达到(某水平)
Temperatures hit 40℃ yesterday.
昨天气温高达40℃。
4)v. 使突然想起
I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.
起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来猛然想起来了。

词语辨析
hit; beat; strike
这些动词均含有“打”之意。
1)hit普通用词，常与strike换用，侧重有目标地猛击，强调用力击中。
He hit the ball with the bat.
他用球拍击球。
2)beat普通用词，含义广泛，指“连续打击”。游戏、竞赛或战争中作“打败”解。
The rain was beating against/on the deck.
雨打在甲板上。
3)strike普通用词，多指急速或突然一次猛击。
She struck the desk with her knee.
她的膝盖撞上了桌子。
注意：“敲锣”要用strike( strike the gong)；“打鼓”用beat(beat a drum)击鼓；“敲门”用knock(knock at/on the door)；“钟敲几下”用strike。
即学即用
After he became conscious, he remembered ________and________on the head with a rod.
A．to attack; hit
B．to be attacked; to be hit
C．attacking; be hit
D．having been attacked; hit
答案：D
9．strike vt./n. [C](struck; struck/striken)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打，敲
①An earthquake struck the island.
地震袭击了小岛。
②Jane struck him in anger.
简一怒之下打了他。
③The clock struck twelve.
钟敲了12下。
④Would you support a nuclear strike to bring an end to a war?
你赞成以核攻击结束战争吗？
strike 常指“猛地一击”。
hit 侧重指“击中”，有时也指“打一下”。
beat 指连续地打。

友情提示
1)strike指“疾病；灾难” 袭击某一地区时，与hit用法相同。
An earthquake struck/hit the island.
一场地震袭击了岛屿。
2)v. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到
①A good idea struck the scientist.
那位科学家突然想起了一个好主意。
②It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.
我突然想起我们应该制订一项新的计划。
友情提示
strike作“突然想到”讲，与occur同义。It occurs to sb. that...＝It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想起……
知识拓展
be on strike 进行/正在罢工；go on strike 举行罢工；
strike a bargain 成交，达成协议；an air strike 空袭；
be struck by/on/with sb./sth. 被某人(或某物)打动或迷住
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
即学即用
________ while the iron is hot.
A．Hit B．Strike
C．Beat D．Occur
答案：B
10．rotate vt./vi.
1)“(使)旋转”；“(使)缠绕”
①You can rotate the pump wheel with your hand.
你可用手转动泵的轮子。
②The earth rotates once every 24 hours.
地球每24小时旋转一圈。
2)“转换”；“轮作”
①He rotates his men from one place to another.
他把他手下的人从一个地方轮换到另一个地方。
②The chairmanship of the departments rotates annually.
系主任的职位每年轮换一次。
11．column n.
1)柱状物
a column of air 气柱
a column of smoke 烟柱
2)(报刊的)专栏
the fashion column 时装专栏
She writes a regular column for the Times.
她定期为《泰晤士报》写专栏。
1．pick up
1)拾起；捡起；拿起。如：
He picked up his suticase and went out.
他提起他的箱子走了出去。
2)偶然学会某种知识或技能。如：
I picked up reading in the evening school.
我是在夜校学会阅读的。
3)(顺便)买；(顺便用车)来接。如：
①He picked up that chair at a second­hand store.
那把椅子是他在一家旧货店买的。
②I'll pick you up at your office.
我将到你的办公室来接你。
4)好起来；上升；加快。如：
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气可能很快就会好起来。
pick out 选拔，辨认，精心挑选；pick holes in挑毛病；pick and choose 挑三拣四。
注意：pick up 短语中，up为副词，所接宾语是代词要位于pick与up之间。

高考直击
(2010·山东·27) Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up
C. picked up D. set up
解析：本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起； 顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；(形势)好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。
答案：C
即学即用
①He ________some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
A．made out　　　　　 B．picked up
C．gave up D．took in
答案：B
②Kathy ________a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A．picked up B．took up
C．made up D．turned up
答案：A
2．take off
1)脱掉(衣帽等)
①Take off your wet shoes.
把你的湿鞋脱掉。
②He took off his glasses and looked up.
他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。
③Take off your clothes; they're very wet.
脱掉你的衣服，它们湿透了。
2)起飞
①The plane took off at 7 a．m..
飞机是早上七点起飞的。
②The nursery teacher often guides her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.
幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。
3)打折；减掉
He agreed to take $5 off the price.
他同意减价五美元。
知识拓展
take (a day) off 休(一天)假；不工作
take after 学……的榜样；仿效
take away 拿走；夺走；拆去
take back 收回(前言)；承认说错了话；取消(诺言)
take down 拿下；取下；记(录)下来
take in 收进；接受；装入；收容；接待
take on 具有；呈现；担任(工作)；承担(责任)；雇佣
take out 取出；拔出；除掉(污迹等)；擦去
take over 接收/管/任
take up 举/拿/捡/拔起；占(地方)；费(时间)；占据；接纳(乘客)；(船)承装(货物)
take apart 拆开(机器等)
take... as... 把……理解为
take for 认为；以为；误以为
take...into account 把……考虑进去
take effect 生效
take turns 轮流

即学即用
完成句子
When ________ your plane ________ ________？
你的飞机什么时候起飞？
答案：is, taking off
3．or so大约；或许；左右(＝about; or more)
①There were twenty or so.
大约有二十个。
②We stayed for an hour or so.
我们停留了一小时左右。
即学即用
My parents will move back into town in a year or______.
A．later B．after
C．so D．about
答案：C
解析：本题题意：我父母将在一年左右的时间里搬迁回市区居住。“时间＋or so＝about＋时间。”
4．on average 平均
The boys are 16 years old on average.
这些男孩子平均年龄16岁。
知识拓展
above the average 在一般水平以上；中上；在平均数以上
below the average 在一般水平以下；中下；在平均数以下
on average/on the average/on an average
平均；按平均数计算；一般地说
高考直击
(2010·江西·35 )Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A．average B．number
C．amount D．quantity
解析：考察名词。 a number of 许多； amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额， a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数， 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
答案：A

5．end up 结果为……，以……结束
①We were to go out, but ended up watching TV.
我们原计划外出，但结果却在家看电视。
②He ended up as the head of the company.
他最后成为这家公司的老板。
③He ended up his letter with a poem.
他用一首诗结束了那封信。

知识拓展
end up with 以……告终
①The meeting ended up with a new song.
会议最后以高歌一首新曲而结束。
②The movie ends up with the wedding of the boy and girl.
电影以男青年与姑娘的婚礼做结尾。
begin/start with...以……开始
At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.
在宴会上，我们通常以汤菜开始，以水果结束。
高考直击
(2010·江西·26) Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ________ sweet dreams.
A．keep up with B．put up with
C．end up with D．catch up with
解析：考察动词词组。 keep up with “保持”； put up with “忍受”； end up with “以……为结束”； catch up with “赶上”。
答案：C
知识拓展
英语中，像class，school, church, hospital, prison，sea等词用作抽象名词时，前面不加任何冠词；但用作具有实际意义的普通名词时，前面须加冠词。
go to school 去上学
go to church 做礼拜
go to sea 去航海；当海员
go to prison 去坐牢
in hospital 住院
go to class 去上课
go to the school 去学校
go to the church 去教堂
go to the sea 去海边
go to the prison 去那所监狱
in the hospital 在医院里
go to the class 去教室

高考直击
(1)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)Let's go to________cinema—that'll take your mind off the problem for________while.
A．the; the B．the; a
C．a; the D．a; a
解析：考查冠词的用法。go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while是固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。
答案：B
(2)(2010·山东·22) If we sit near ________ front of the bus, we'll have________ better view.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the; a D. the；the
解析：本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，fr