资源描述
UNIT 4
Text A Slavery On Our Doorstep
I.课文内容简介
这篇文章介绍了在英国工作的大约两万多名海外家仆，这些家仆中有1/10 正遭受雇主的各种各样的虐待和奴役。尽管英国政府采取了新的措施，这些佣人的生活和工作条件并没有发生太大的变化。
这种状况得到了媒体的普遍关注。
解决问题的关键办法也许在于允许家佣们自由地选择顾主。
段落大意：
Paras.1-2 In Britain, about 10% of the domestic servants are being exploited and abused in various forms.
Paras.3-8 The sad condition of domestics received media attention.
Para.9 The key to the problem lies in allowing domestic workers the freedom to change employers.
II.New Words
词汇精讲：
1.slave 奴隶 slavery 奴隶制
discover discovery n. 发现
2.domestic a. 家庭的；国内的，本国的；n. 家仆
反义词：abroad
GDP ( = gross domestic product ) 国内生产总值
Many women feel they cannot apply for the top jobs because of domestic commitments.
很多妇女感觉她们因为家庭责任而不能申请高级工作。
The president's new foreign policy is heavily influenced by domestic factors.
总统的对外政策在很大程度上受到了国内因素的影响。
家仆 domestic ，servant ，maid （女佣）,female girl
3.Briton 大不列颠人；英国人
Britain 英国，不列颠
英伦三岛：England 、Scotland，Welsh, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠与北爱尔兰联合王国
Briton 英国人； the British; Englishman
oversea 海外的，在海外
4. statistics统计数字：（用作单数）统计学：
These statics only tell part of the story.
Statistics is taught in our college.
5. abroad在国外、到国外：He has lived abroad for years.
6.exploit : vt. 开发，开采；利用，剥削 n. exploition
He exploited his authority personal gratification . 他利用职权来满足个人的私欲。
A mine is exploited for its minerals. 开发矿山是为了采矿。
The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.
该公司利用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。
Resources should be properly exploited. 开发资源要适度。
7.abuse v./ n 虐待，滥用
Drug and alcohol abuse contributed to Brian's early death.
滥用毒品和酗酒导致了布莱恩的早逝。
Be physically abused 肉体受到虐待
the Iraqi prisoner abuse
abuse one's power
8.campaign : n.战役，运动；v.参加运动
The Huai-Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation.
淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要。
We are launching a campaign against waste. 我们正发起一场反浪费活动。
He announced that he would campaign for the senate. 他宣布他将参加议员竞选。
9.sex 性别；visa 签证
10.execute vt. 将…处死，执行，实行 executive a. 执行的，执政的
The criminal was executed after the trial . 审判后罪犯被处死。
All orders were immediately executed .所有的命令将尽早执行。
CEO = Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官
EMBA= Executive Master of Business Administration 高级管理人员工商管理硕士
11.convict: vt. 证明… 有罪，宣判…有罪；n. 罪犯
He was convicted of smuggling . 他被判犯有走私罪。
相关词汇：accuse sb. of … 指控某人有罪；
charge sb of ... 指控某人有罪
12.despite : prep. 尽管，任凭
Despite the fact that there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy , the search party still went on looking. 尽管找到失踪男孩几乎无望，搜寻的人群仍然在继续寻找。
Despite the shortage of raw materials, industrial output has increased by ten percent. 尽管原材料短缺，工业产量仍增长百分之十。
Despite what he said, I didn't believe the news. 不论她如何说，我也不相信这个消息。
相关词汇：in spite of 尽管，任凭
13.guilt有罪;内疚
There is no doubt about the guilt of a man who steals.
Her face showed guilt though she said she had not done that.
14.deserving : a. 应得，值得
派生词：deserve v. 应得，值得（宾语可用名词、动名词、或不定式）
用法：be deserving of ; deserve + n./ doing / to do sth.
His efforts are certainly deserving of praise. 他的努力当然值得表扬。
The question deserves consideration. 这个问题值得考虑。
He deserves to lose because he cheated. 他该输，因为他作弊。
The project deserves further investigation. 这个项目值得进一步调查。
15.Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯
16.breadwinner 养家糊口的人 同义词：provider
17.shelf 搁板，架子 复数：变f为I+ves 类似地，life, leaf
18.minimum: a./ n.最小量；最低限制
派生词：minimize v. 使最小化
反义词：maximum n. 最大量，最大限制（手写板）
用法: Wage increases are being kept to a minimum in many companies because of the depression.
由于经济不景气，很多公司的工资增长都被限制在最小幅度。
We need a minimum of ten people to play this game. 玩这个游戏我们至少需要10个人。
We have reduced the costs to the minimum . 我们已将费用减至最低额。
19.employee 雇员 employer 雇主
20.incidence 发生率
21.status n. 1.情况，状况2.地位，身份 同义词：situation
the status of world affairs 世界形势
status as a scholar 学者身份
immigrant status 移民身份
status of women in society 妇女的社会地位
the political situation 政治面貌
the domestic situation 国内形式
the international situation 国际形式
to kick out 驱逐出境
immigrant a. 移民的，侨民的
New York has a huge number of immigrant population.
纽约有大量的移民。
n. 移民，侨民
Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.
非法移民如果被抓住会被遣送出境。
deport v. 驱逐出境
Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year.
词组：
1.to bring over: 把… 带来; 使转变
You might bring your girlfriend over tomorrow evening. 明天晚上你不妨把你的女朋友带来。
What she said brought me over to her opinion. 她的话使我转而同意她的意见。
Can this small boat bring them over to this side of the river ?
这条小船能把他们运到河的那边吗？
相关词汇：bring up 养育，抚育； bring about 引起，带来，产生
2.be deserving of 值得，应得
He is deserving of the praise for his work.鉴于他的工作应受到这表扬。
The robber is deserving of capital punishment . 这个强盗应处极刑。
3.be supposed to : 应该, 理应
You are not supposed to smoke in here. 你不应在这里吸烟。
Employees are supposed to be here at eight every day. 雇员们应该每天8点钟到这里。
slave machine machinery
Britain Briton
Statistical figure
Diploma
Broad abroad board aboard
Exploitation
Abuse normal abnormal
Use usage used useless misuse
Launch a campaign
Sexual sexy
Visa carry out implement
Execution CEo=chief executive officer
Convict sb of murder
Convict
Despite= in spite of the difficulty/ the bad weather,
Guilty be guilty of
Are you guilty of telling a lie?
Innocent innocence
Deserve doing
His deeds deserve praising.
Be deserving of =deserve
Breadearner
Minimum minimal minimize
Maximum maximal maximize
The purpose of management is to minimize the waste and maximize the efficiency.
Employ employer employee
Interviewee interviewer employment unemployment
Leaflet booklet starlet
Incidence of cancer
Incident
Immigrate immigration immigrant
Emigrate emigrant emigration
Deport
Make use of
The residents are campaigning the local government to drive the factory away.
He deserved to be criticized.
Take over
III.课文精讲
第一部分：
paras.1－2
1. There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics). 据统计，在英国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人
本句为there be 句型的变体，working in Britain 为现在分词短语作定语，修饰servants.
括号里内容：（由于处理该项事务的政府部门-内政部-没有做过统计，精确数字不得而知）
原因状语从句中主语“内政部”有一个同位语。
There are estimated to be more than 20,000 …可以改写为"It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 …"；表示"据说、据报道、据信、据认为、据估计、据称"的结构有两种：
2. Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats of Britons returning from abroad.
returning from abroad是现在分词短语，充当Britons的定语。
3.Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. 根据设在伦敦的帮助在伦敦工作的外籍家庭佣人的政治组织说，在两万多外籍家庭佣人中几乎有2000人正遭受雇主的剥削和虐待。
句首Of相当于Among，意思是"在…当中"；句中"are being exploited and abused"为现在进行时被动语态，表示“正在被…剥削和凌辱”。
under相当于less than，意为"将近、不到"；"- based"意为“设（驻）在…的，以…为基础的，以… 为主要手段的”。 例如： shore-based aircraft 岸基飞机 the agency's Paris-based press officer 该机构驻巴黎的新闻发布官。
London-based意思是"总部设在伦敦的"；which引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的a London-based campaigning group，从句中working in Britain是现在分词短语，修饰前面的servants，作定语。
第二段：
1. The abuse can take several forms.
2. Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment.
该句的domestic是名词，相当于domestic servant；allow sb to do sth意思是"允许某人做某事"，句中to go out是主语补足语成分。
3. They can be physically, sexually and psychologically abused.
4. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or "escaping" virtually impossible. 他们在身体上、性和心理上遭受凌辱。他们还会被收去护照，使得出走或“逃跑”根本不可能。
"have their passports removed"是 have+宾语+过去分词的结构。"removed" 是过去分词作宾补，表示被动，意为“使得护照被拿走”。 making … impossible 为现在分词短语作结果状语.
第二部分： paras. 3－8
1. The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 今年年初，几个透明度颇高的案例中有关世界各地的家庭女佣的悲惨状况受到新闻媒体的关注。
该句主要结构是：The sad condition received much media attention. The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world 在句中作主语，谓语是received 受到, "in several highly publicized cases"的意思是“在几个被高度曝光的案例中”。
介词短语of women working … around the world是主语的定语成分，earlier this year in several highly publicised cases是状语成分；women working as … 是动名词短语的复合结构，所有格标记"'s"被省略，本应为women's working as …，当动名词短语的复合结构充当宾语时，所有格标记's则可以省略。work as意思是"当、充当"，试比较work like：He works as a slave.他当奴隶。He works like a slave.他象奴隶一样地工作。
2. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 其中一个案例是讲一位菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪在新加坡被处死，尽管有来自各地的抗议认为她的罪名不足以成立。
句中"being convicted of murder"为动名词被动式作介词 "after"的宾语，表示“被判为谋杀罪”。convict sb of sth 是固定搭配，意思是"判某人犯有…罪行"；despite是介词，相当于in spite of，意思是"尽管、虽然"后接名词性成分；from various quarters意为"来自四方"；that所引导的从句是protests（抗议）的同位语从句。
3. Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:
be deserving of意思是"值得"，deserving是形容词，来自动词deserve，deserve可用于以下结构：
P.85
第4段：
1. "I was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.
the Philippines可指"菲律宾群岛"，也可指国家名称"菲律宾"；to work in London 是不定式短语，充当主语补足语。
2. I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount.
be supposed to 有两种用法：表示理应、应该：Everyone is supposed to wear a sear belt in the car.汽车内每个人都应系安全带。 表示“一般认为”I haven’t seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a really good film. 我自己并未看过这部片子，但普遍认为这是一部好片子。此处的be supposed to 和be expected to同义，译为"应该"，例如：
You are supposed to finish your work by Friday. 你应该在星期五之前把工作完成。
3. They always threatened that they would send me back to my country."
动词threaten可用于以下结构：
threaten sb with sth以…威胁某人
threaten that 威胁说…
threaten to do sth威胁说要做某事
第5段：
1. Then there is the case of Kumari from Sri Lanka.
2. The main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
比较used to和be used to：
1） used to意思是"过去、过去常常"；used是动词，且只有过去时态；to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形。
2） be used to表示"习惯于"；be是连系动词，有时态变化；used是形容词；to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。
3. Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to feed her four children；形容词difficult是宾语补足语。
4. She says she felt like a prisoner at the London house where she worked:
该句中feel like意思是"感觉象"；feel like也可表示"想"，例如：
I feel like a swim / going swimming.我想去游泳。
第6段：
1. "No days off--ever, no breaks at all, no proper food.
No days off意思是"不放假"，此处off 表示"休假、休息、不上班"，例如：
I think I'll take the afternoon off. 我想我下午要休假半天。
The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理放全体职员一天假。
You mustn't take time off just because you want to see a football match.你不可以只是为了看一场足球赛而休假。
2. I didn't have my own room; I slept on a shelf with a space of only three feet above me.
该句第二分句中，with a space of only three feet above me是含有介词with的独立结构，充当shelf的定语成分；该结构是：
3. I wasn't allowed to talk to anybody.
to talk to anybody是不定式短语，充当主语补足语。
4. I wasn't even allowed to open the window.
该句结构同上。
5. My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police."
动词threaten可用于以下结构：
threaten sb with sth以…威胁某人
threaten that 威胁说…
threaten to do sth威胁说要做某事
本句出现了上面的第三种结构。
第7段：
1. At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
at the end of意思是"在…底、在…末、在…的最后"；introduce measures相当于take measures，意思是"采取措施"；help + (to) do意为"帮助做某事"；protect … from …是一固定搭配，表示"保护…免遭（…的痛苦或虐待）"。"that"引导protests 的同位语从句，表示抗议的内容。
2. This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy). 措施包括把雇工的最小年龄提高到18岁，使受雇者能阅读并理解通告单，使雇主同意提供适当的生活费用和条件，并写出工作条件和主要的工作条款（受雇者应有此种副本）。
该句谓语动词是included，include后要接动名词作宾语。其宾语是三个并列的动名词短语：increasing …, getting employees to …和getting employers to …，表示新措施包括的三项内容。get sb. to do sth.意为"让某人做某事"，其中to do sth.是宾语补足语；to agree to provide …和to put in writing the main …是并列关系，同时作宾语补足语；put … in writing意思是"把…形诸文字"，in writing ,因为作宾补的介词短语较短，而宾语较长，故把宾补提前。此处put的宾语是the main terms and conditions of the job；of which 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰writing。
第8段：
1. However, many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.
doubt可以是动词，也可是名词，一般情况下，在否定句中，doubt 后总是跟着that 从句，在肯定句中，doubt后接if(whether)或that 从句。 但一般以为肯定句接if(whether)较为规范。
I don’t doubt that he’s telling the truth.
I doubt whether/if he’s telling the truth.
2. For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about cruel living and working conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer. 因为那些企图抗议恶劣生活和工作条件的外籍女佣和家仆所面临的主要问题是他们没有独立的移民身份，因此不能更换雇主。
该句的主要结构为 "For …problem … is that …."该句是主系表结构，主语是the main problem，系动词是is，表语是that引导的从句；主语后面有现在分词短语facing overseas maids and domestics …作定语，而overseas maids and domestics后面又有who引导的定语从句；complain about亦作complain of，意思是"抱怨"。
3. (They are allowed in the United Kingdom under a special concession in the immigration rules which allows foreigners to bring domestic staff with them.)
该句有一定语从句，由which引导，该从句修饰前面的a special concession，故which为单数，后面的谓语动词是allows。
4. So if they do complain, they risk being deported.
do是助动词，用以加强语气，risk后面只可接动名词，而不可接不定式，因是被动意义，故出现risk being deported；这类动词有：finish, mind, suggest, enjoy, give up, can't help, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, postpone, admit, deny, practise, excuse, fancy, imagine, keep, miss, risk, appreciate
P.86
第三部分 Para.9
1. Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for.
Allowing domestic workers the freedom … but with a different employer是动名词短语，作句子主语，is是连系动词，后面有what引导的表语从句；if they so choose条件状语从句意思是"如果他们这样选择的话"，相当于if they choose to seek the same type of work but with a different employer；campaign sb for sth意思是"为了…对某人进行运动、促使某人去做某事"，而campaign sb against sth与它意思相反，意思是"为了反对…对某人进行运动、促使某人不要去做某事"。
2. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 他们说，正是有权改变雇主的这一做法区分了雇佣制和奴隶制
该句they say是插入语；distinguish … from …意思是"把…和…区别开来"；It is the right … which distinguishes …意思是"正是改换雇主的权利划清了雇佣和奴役的界限"，该句是一很不规范的英语句子，规范的说法应该是：It is the right … that distinguishes …，这是强调结构。to distinguish … from 把…区分开
Unit 4重点句
1.There are estimated to be more than 2
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