全国卷英语高考二轮复习资料完型填空定稿.doc

全国卷英语高考二轮复习资料--完型填空(定稿)
完形填空考试命题及解题技巧
考纲摘录
本部分共分两节，考查考生对语法、词汇和语言知识的掌握情况。
第一节：共20小题，每小题1.5分，在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。

考情表解
我们研究2011年以来的新课标卷，其中2013年开始分新课标卷I和卷II短文特点。
卷别
年份
字数
体裁
题材(话题、主题或内容)
课
标
卷
I
2015
260
记叙文
作者记叙自己的两个孩子帮助一位乞讨者的经历
2014
234
议论文
对哪一年龄阶段的人来说，同一事情做久了都会厌倦
2013
242
记叙文
作者从一次活动中感受到轮椅上的人生活的种种不便
课
标
卷
2012
230
说明文
身势语是无声的和秘密的，也是最强有力的语言
2011
237
记叙文
作者记叙20年前的第一堂理科实验课
卷别
年份
字数
体裁
题材(话题、主题或内容)
课
标卷
II
2015
240
夹叙夹议
本文通过女儿踢足球的经历说明实践是最好的老师
2014
258
记叙文
记叙两个朋友登安第斯山脉的修拉格兰德山的故事
2013
232
记叙文
讲述一个纽约人21年来一直坚持给路边穷人送手套的故事

考点分析
卷别
课标卷I
课标卷
课标卷II
年份
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2015
2014
2013
选
项
特
点
单词
名词
6
9
7
8
7
6
3
5
动词
7
5
8
4
8
6
6
6
形容词
3
3
4
3
3
2
3
4
副词
3
3
1
2
0
3
5
0
从句连词
1
0
0
0
0
1(but)
0
0
短语
短语
0
0
1
1
1
1
3
5
有单词有短语
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
语法形式
基本同
相同
相同
基本同
基本同
相同
相同
相同
正确选项ABCD分布
5555
5645
5555
5555
5555
5555
5555
5555

命题揭秘
1. 短文特点:
长度：约250词，自2011年以来的8套新课标卷中，最长的是260词，最短的是230词。
体裁：以记叙文为主，有时是说明文或议论文。
内容：传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。
2.命题特点
设空词类：除2015年 (卷I考查了whatever；卷II考查了but)外，2011～2014年一般只有名词、动词、形容词、副词四类词，其中2011年和2013年的卷II没有副词。这四类词的比例没有规律性，只是名词和动词相对多些。
值得一提的是，卷I有时会出现短语的选项，但是卷II年年都考查短语，其中2013年多达5题。
语法形式：同一小题的四个选项通常为同一词类且为同一语法形式。但有时会出现原形(无比较级的副词)及比较级，单数(主要是不可数名词) 及复数名词混杂的情况。
不设空词类：代词、冠词、介词。连词一般不考查(但2015年例外)。
不考点：都不考单纯语法、固定搭配、同义词或近义词辨析。四个选项的意义相差很大。
3. 正确选项分布
正确选项中A、B、C、D的个数均等，都为5个。但2014年课标卷I是基本均等或不完全均等(5645)。在高考中恰当运用此规律，可能会给你增加2～3分。
解题方略
完形填空题旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用能力，重点考查语篇理解能力、逻辑推断能力、及话题相关的背景知识，以及词汇、习惯用法和语言知识的综合运用能力等。也就是说，完形填空是从语篇层次考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。
一个基本方法
完形填空中的每一空填哪个词，在文中必有依据，即文中一定有信息告诉我们该选哪一个。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是从全文出发，根据语境(空格前后)所提供的信息(答题的依据)，结合常识进行适度的推理，做出符合逻辑的判断，从而选出正确的答案。有人归纳为：上下求索找信息。
有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如：
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed. ”
At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. (2015课标卷I)
41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished
42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show
注意：虽然绝大多数题只需根据空格所在句的前后信息或空格前后句提供的信息就可以选择正确答案，但有的题的答案信息可能出现在及空格相差几句之遥的地方，甚至下一段或文末。如：
Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 . I thought about it…
When we handed him the bag of… When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 whatever his family might need, he burst into tears.
47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card
四个解题步骤
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，用略读法(skimming)把握文章大意，控制在10秒左右。
2. 根据语境，初选答案。读懂各句，并在结合语境理解空格所在句或上下句意的基础上，依据各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先选出那些自己有把握的选项，并可将所选词速写在空格处。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示；或许一个在前面不能解的题，在填出了另一空后你就会豁然开朗。
3. 复读全文，解决难题。借助已经补全的空格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决遗留的少数疑难问题。
4. 利用规律，不留空格。我们知道，高考中正确选项A、B、C、D的个数是均等的，即每个选项5个。我们在做好有把握的题后，哪个字母的选项最少就选哪个字母，决不留空。
五个微技能
1. 背景常识：将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧及“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，但仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如：
Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all 41 places of learning. (2015课标卷Ⅱ)
A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
2. 前后搭配：主要指动词及介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。如：
It 57 me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. (2015课标卷Ⅱ)
A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
3. 词语同现：某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出现的倾向性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如ill, hospital, doctor, nurse, operation, medicine, patient等一类相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。如：
In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate. (2015课标卷I)
45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick
4. 词语复现：词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。
词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现(包括及近义词的同根词复现，如ill及sickness)、上下义复现(即总括及分述，如animal 是sheep， tiger, wolf等的上义词；rose 是flower 的下义词)、反义复现（如wrong及right）等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。如:
1. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into different 31 . （2009课标卷Ⅱ）
A. situations B. choices C. directions D. positions
2. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 49 what I want to do as a career (职业). (2009课标卷Ⅱ)
A. determined B. examined C. experienced D. introduced
3. I had the chance of seeing this first hand on a 44 . This led to some painful experiences on Saturday … (2015课标卷Ⅱ)
A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square
5. 逻辑关系：根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件及结果的关系等。如：
1. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a comment on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind. (2015课标卷Ⅰ)
A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily
2. A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing, but it can make a big difference in winter. (2013课标卷Ⅱ)
A. small B. useful C. delightful D. comforting
【高考真题】
2013年全国I卷
第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday” which was to make us more ___36___ the problem faced by disabled people. We were asked to “___37___ a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some member ___38___ chose the wheel chair. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩).
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a ___39___ experience. I had never considered before how ___40___ it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my ___41___ made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not ___42___. Then I wondered where to put my ___43___. It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into ___44___. I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of ___45___ for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary (临时的) ___46___.
I tried to find a ___47___ position and thought it might be restful, ___48___ kind of nice, to be ___49___ around for a while. Looking around, I ___50___ I would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I ___51___ the heavy wheels. I came to know that controlling the ___52___ of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) ___53___ task.
My wheelchair experiment was soon ___54___. It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the ___55___, both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.
36. A. curious about
B. aware of
C. interested in
D. careful with
37. A. cure
B. adopt
C. prevent
D. analyze
38. A. instead
B. strangely
C. as usual
D. like me
39. A. learning
B. working
C. satisfying
D. relaxing
40. A. convenient
B. awkward
C. boring
D. exciting
41. A. height
B. force
C. skill
D. weight
42. A. locked
B. repaired
C. powered
D. grasped
43. A. hands
B. feet
C. keys
D. handles
44. A. place
B. action
C. play
D. effect
45. A. operation
B. communication
C. transportation
D. production
46. A. exploration
B. education
C. experiment
D. ntertainment
47. A. flexible
B. safe
C. starting
D. comfortable
48. A. yet
B. just
C. still
D. even
49. A. shown
B. pushed
C. driven
D. guided
50. A. realized
B. suggested
C. agreed
D. admitted
51. A. lifted
B. turned
C. pressed
D. seized
52. A. path
B. position
C. direction
D. way
53. A. easy
B. heavy
C. major
D. extra
54. A. forgotten
B. repeated
C. conducted
D. finished
55. A. weaknesses
B. anxieties
C. challenges
D. illnesses

2014年全国I卷
第三部分 英语知识运用第一节 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ___41___ at work in people of all ___42___. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about ___43___ with their new toys. But their ___44___ soon wears off and by January those ___45___ toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of ___46___ stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s ___47___ interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child ___48___ bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the ___49___ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great ___50___ but are soon looking forward to ___51___. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many ___52___, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, ___53___ drove for hours at a time when they first ___54___ their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually ___55___ to do a lot of ___56___ things, which they never had ___57___ to do while working. But ___58___ after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they ___59___. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new ___60___.
41. A. principle
B. habit
C. weaker D. power
42. A. parties
B. races
C. countries D. ages
43. A. working
B. living
C. playing D. going
44. A. confidence
B. interest
C. anxiety D. sorrow
45. A. same
B. extra
C. funny D. expensive
46. A. well-organized
B. colorfully-printed
C. newly-collected D. half-filled
47. A. broad
B. passing
C. different D. main
48. A. silently
B. impatiently
C. gladly D. worriedly
49. A. promise
B. burden
C. right D. game
50. A. courage
B. calmness
C. confusion D. excitement
51. A. graduation
B. independence
C. responsibility D. success
52. A. children
B. students
C. adults D. retirees
53. A. carefully
B. eagerly
C. nervously D. bravely
54. A. required
B. obtained
C. noticed D. discovered
55. A. need B. learn
C. start

D. plan
56. A. great B. strong
C. difficult

D. correct
57. A. time B. money
C. skills

D. knowledge
58. A. only B. well
C. even

D. soon.
59. A. lost B. chose
C. left

D. quit
60. A. pets B. toys
C. friends

D. colleagues
2015年全国I卷
第三部分 英语知识运用第一节 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “___41___ my job. Family to Feed.”
At this store, a ___42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a ___43___ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44___ in the cold wind.
In the store, I asked each of my kids to ___45___ something they thought our “friend” there would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47___. I thought about it. We were ___48___ on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes ___49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50___ what we need to do! All the kids ___51___ something they could do away with for the week.
When we handed him the bag of ___52___, he lit up and thanked us with ___53___ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ___54___ his family might need, he burst into tears.
This has been a wonderful ___55___ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can ___56___! Things would have played out so ___57___ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in ___59___, it also gave my kids the ___60___ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them.

41. A. Lost

B. Changed

C. Quit
D. Finished
42. A. condition

B. place

C. sight
D. show
43. A. suggestion

B. comment

C. decision
D. call
44. A. outside

B. proudly

C. by
D. angrily
45. A. draw

B. say

C. arrange
D. pick
46. A. order

B. supply

C. appreciate
D. discover
47. A. dollar

B. job

C. hot meal
D. gift card
48. A. easy

B. low

C. soft
D. loose
49. A. giving

B. saving

C. spending
D. begging
50. A. yet

B. even

C. still
D. just
51. A. declared

B. shared

C. ignored
D. expected
52. A. toys

B. medicine

C. food
D. clothes
53. A. sleepy

B. watery

C. curious
D. sharp
54. A. whoever

B. whatever

C. whichever
D. whenever
55. A. experience

B. example

C. message
D. adventure
56. A. rely on

B. respect

C. learn from
D. help
57. A. suddenly

B. vividly

C. differently
D. perfectly
58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money
59. A. fear B. love C. need D. memory
60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple
【精选模拟】
Passage 1
I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. I loved her the first time I saw her. She had an 1 voice and a direct way of speaking, but she was encouraging and 2 .
Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 3 . She wanted to know how I thought we should 4 with things. At first I had no 5 how to answer because I 6 nothing about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her 7 .
Mrs. Neidl’s 8 that year was, “Try it. We will get better and better 9 !” At first, I was so afraid of failing, but Mrs. Neidl believed that I could do well. With the encouragement of Mrs. Neidl I became more 10 and went all out.
The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 11 in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and 12 I’d put in.
It was in that year that I 13 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.
Being on that stage-design team with Mrs. Neidl 14 me completely. Not only was I stronger and more able than I had thought, but I also 15 a strong interest and a world I hadn’t known existed. She taught me not to 16 what people think I should do. She taught me to take chances and not to be 17 . Mrs. Neibl was my comforter when I was 18 . Her 19 in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined 20 .

1. A. unhappy B. unpleasant C. unsure D. unfair
2. A. inspiring B. friendly C. careful D. clever
3. A. reason