新概念第三册Lesson1Apumaatlarge超全学习笔记.docx

Lesson 1 A puma at large
1. at large 在逃的，未被捕获的
a prisoner/suspect at large
The disease is still at large〔蔓延，肆虐〕.
2. Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
① cat-like animals
bear-like animals child-like simplicity angel-like girl crystal-like eyes flu-like symptoms
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. (CET4, 2002.1)
② be found in
一般过去时 “被发现〞
一般现在时 “存在于…，产于…〞
Many plant and animal species are found only in the rain forests.
Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit.
③ 造句：大熊猫是一种大型的，类似于熊的动物，产于中国四川省。
Giant pandas are large, bear-like animals which are found in Sichuan Province, China.
3. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
① come into
e.g. He came into the classroom.
However, a new type of humor, which stems largely from the US, has recently come into fashion.〔NCE 3, P138〕
The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.〔NCE 3, P158〕
无灵主语/物称主语〔inanimate subject〕
e.g. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.〔NCE 3, P150〕
满堂花醉三千客，一剑光寒十四洲。 ——唐 贯休和尚
癫狂柳絮随风舞，轻薄桃花逐水流。 ——唐 杜甫
一条雪浪吼巫峡，千里火云烧益州。 ——唐 李商隐 送崔玉往西周
无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。 ——唐 杜甫
造句： 我想到了一个好主意。
I thought of a good idea.
A good idea came into my mind.
A good idea flashed into my mind.
他丧失了信心。
He lost his confidence.
Confidence deserted him.
那一夜我无法入睡。
I couldn’t sleep that night.
That night sleep eluded〔躲避〕me.
他进城办事去了。
He went to the town on business.
Business took him to the town.
到了黄昏的时候，我们才走了一半的路。
We only travelled half the distance at sunset.
Sunset met us halfway.
最近这些年来，有大批的外国人涌入中国，或是来学习，或是来旅游，或是做生意。
The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.
我们全家人在一个风和日丽的星期天到海滨去远足。
A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach.
② 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
a. 从定义上看
b. 从形式上看
The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.
The proposal that John put forward is unacceptable.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
— Thomas Jefferson
③ spot n. 地点 e.g. a shady ~ a scenic ~
spot v. 发现 had been seen/found/observed…
④ in/ on/ to the south of …
e.g. Shanghai is in the south of China. Vietnam is on the south of China.
Indonesia is (to the) south of China. 100 kilometers (to the) south of Xi’an
⑤ take…seriously
take…lightly …they were taken lightly
⑥ 造句：当消息传到了国家博物馆，说在西安以南100公里处发现了一座古墓的时候，这那么消息收到了重视。
When news came into the national museum that an ancient tomb had been found 100 kilometers south of Xi’an, it was taken seriously.
4. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
① however 转折标志
② as——with
③ be/feel obliged to do感到必须做……
be/feel compelled to do〔由于外界压力〕不得不做… e.g. President Nixon felt compelled to resign.
compel v. 迫使 com- together -pel push
be/feel impelled to do 〔由于内心动力〕必须做…
④ investigate the market
investigate the case
the FBI: the Federal Bureau of investigation
census 对数量的调查，人口普查 e.g. the Fifth National Census
survey/ poll/ opinion poll民意调查，民意测验
e.g. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. (NCE 3, P216)
⑤ for/because/since/as/in that/now (that)
a. because 答复why 句中，句首
b. since/as 语气弱 句中，句首
c. for/in that 最弱 只能在主句后面，for当介词可以在句首
d. now (that) 同时强调时间和原因 “因为〞“现在…〞 句中，句首
注意：不能表示过去的事情
e.g. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveler is in difficulty. (NCE 3, P42)
⑥ give descriptions
…descriptions (which were) given by people…
非谓语动词作定语
e.g. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. (NCE 3, P14)
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. (NCE 3, P38)
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travelers crossing the dangerous Pass. (NCE 3, P42)
novels written by Lu Xun movies directed by Zhang Yimou
The man leaning against the wall named George is my brother.
⑦ claim to have done
claim to do e.g. So far, no organization has claimed to be responsible for the accident.
不定式的完成式〔先于谓语动作发生〕
e.g. Everyone went to the funeral, for the “ghost〞 was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. (NCE 3, P142)
When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. (NCE 3, P166)
⑧ extraordinary
extraordinarily 重音后移
primarily, absolutely, necessarily, temporarily
were extraordinarily similar
= were particularly alike = had a lot in common = had considerable commonalities
e.g. —well, I saw the ad on the back of the bus stop today. And uh… though it was not exactly like looking in the mirror, you can’t deny that there is a certain commonality in our visages〔面貌〕.
—I guess we do look a little bit alike.
⑨ 造句：随着病例开场慢慢增多，医学专家们觉得必须要调查了。因为得了这种病的人的病症特别的相似。
As the cases began to accumulate, specialists felt obliged to investigate, for the symptoms of people who had caught the disease were extraordinarily similar.
5. hunt for…
e.g. I’m hunting for a job now. The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow.
“的〞翻译〔不一定用介词 of〕
the winter in America the entrance to the parking lot
a witness to the accident a longing for love the reason for the disaster
6. woman villager 村姑
7. only…
just…
merely…
no more than…
not more than… 不多于
8. confirm证实说
e.g. President Hu Jintao confirmed that he would visit the United States next month.
I don’t know whether what she said is true, but I’ll try to ____ it.
A. conform B. confirm C. confess D. confine
9. prove (to be) + adj./n. 被证明是
e.g. His injury proved (to be) fatal.
The operation proved (to be) a success/successful.
turn out to be + adj./n. 原来是
e.g. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. (NCE 3, P22)
10. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
① 疑问词 + ever〔whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whatever…〕
a. 表示“无论…〞引导让步状语从句 = no matter + 疑问词
e.g. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin’s early films. (NCE 3, P22)
b. 表示“到底…〞用于疑问句中
e.g. Where did you go yesterday?
Wherever did you go yesterday?
“Whatever are you doing up here Bill? “asked the vicar in surprise.(NCE 3, P18)
When ever am I going to see you again?
When will you ever learn?
A. These things take time to learn.
B. Will you study anymore?
C. Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?
D. It will be a good learning experience for you.
② a trail of 一连串的
e.g. Wherever he went, he left a trail of … behind him. 〔描述特征〕
Wherever he went, he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him.
Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him.
11. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
① 被动语态突出重点
造句：人们对下岗工人的生活状况越来越关注了。
People have paid more attention to the condition of the laid-off workers.
Increasing attention has been paid to the condition of the laid-off workers.〔China Daily〕
② fur a fur coat裘皮大衣
feather fur and feather〔借代，头韵〕= birds and beasts飞禽走兽
〔拼写短的单词在前〕
fin, fur and feather = all kinds of animals
The crown should not yield to the cross. 王权不应该屈服于神权。
中文的借代：
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳。——诸葛亮 ?出师表?
巾帼不让须眉
过尽千帆皆不是，斜晖脉脉水悠悠
金陵十二钗 三千粉黛无颜色
12. complain of/about sth.
claim声称
confirm 证实说
add 补充说 e.g. Then I added with a smile, “It’s strange mixture I make myself. (NCE 3, P54)
put it 措辞
e.g. …, as one of them put it “ate like kings〞. (NCE 3, P58)
Let me put it this way. 让我这么跟你说吧。
To put it another way,… 换句话说
state声明说 e.g. The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands. (NCE 3, P86)
13. on a fishing trip on a business/honeymoon trip
on a journey/voyage/expedition/tour…
e.g. President Hu Jintao is on a five-nation tour.
14. be convinced that
convince sb. of sth.
in that except/but that
After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out〔副词〕that his neighbor, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. (NCE 3, P74 )
15. report… missing
e.g. report your ID card missing In the accident, 200 people were reported missing.
16. must have done对过去的肯定的推测 e.g. You must have been ill yesterday. You looked do pale.
must do e.g. She knew that it must be the baker. (NCE 3, P62)
may/might have done
can not/could not have done
e.g. You can’t have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your wife.
The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. (NCE 3, P268)
should/ought to have done 虚拟〔责备〕
should not/ ought not to have done
e.g. You should have finished your work yesterday.
—She looks very happy. She ____ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult at all. (NMET 2007)
A. Should B. could C. must D. might
—I can’t find my purse anywhere. —You ____ have lost it while shopping. (NMET, 2021)
A. may B. can C. should D. would
—I’m sorry. I ____ at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
The policeman declared that the blow on the victim’s head ____ from behind.
A. should have been made B. must have been made
C. would have been made D. ought to have been made
17. in the possession of sb./ in one’s possession
in possession of sth. 拥有…… e.g. The book is in my possession. I am in possession of the book.
in the charge of sb./ in one’s charge
in charge of… e.g. The bookstore is in my charge. I am in charge of the bookstore.
18. manage to do = succeed in doing
e.g. Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. (NCE 3, P18)
fail to do没能完成某事
e.g. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. (NCE 3, P30)
19. It is … to think that… 一想到…就…
e.g. It is worrying to think that …
It is exciting to think that…
It is comforting to think that…
It is amusing to think that…
It is irritating to think that…
20. 文章构造
第一段：背景—缘起〔报告传来未受重视—证据增多必须调查〕
第二段：搜寻开场—村姑发现—初步证实—行动迅速—证据增多〔死动物、爪印、皮毛、猫叫、商人亲见〕—完全证实—猜想来历—搜寻未果依然流窜〔点题〕
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