很好国际音标字母组合发音规则表.doc

1．元音:

8

1) [i:] ee / ea / e / ie, ei
three tree green sheep meet beef seek
tea leave lead team mean speak clean
he she me Chinese
piece believe︱receive ceiling receipt leisure
2) [i] i / y / e / a
sit picture list mix fix fit pig build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
orange comrade village
3) [æ ] a
hand ant happy map mad glad flag shall
4) [e] ea / e / a *ai/ei
head bread pleasure *said/leisure
elephant electric remember sell hotel
many any
5) [ə:] ir / ur / ear / ur / or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
*work worm word world
6) [ə] (弱音) er / or / ou / ure / ar / o / a / e / u
元音字母及发元音的所有组合在非重读音节中基本上都读[ə] 或(少数)[i]
leader speaker farmer powder power
doctor actor mayor author
delicious generous various jealous
pleasure measure leisure culture
familiar collar dollar liar
together lesson control polite
account ago banana Canada Japan China
spidermen listen glisten elephant
calculus suspect maximum
7) [a:] ar / a / al *heart/clerk/sergeant
car farm card arm garden
last plant︱calm half
8) [ʌ] u / o / ou / oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother does brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) [ɔ:] al / or / oor / au / our / ou / ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short lord horse forty sport more store sore︱door floor
sauce author caught autumn haunt
four mourn court︱bought fought
*warmth wardrobe quarter
10) [ɒ] / [ɔ] o / a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar
want wash what squander
11) [u:] oo / o / u
groom broom doom goose tooth balloon
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12) [u] oo / ou / u / o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
women whose
13) [ei] a / ay / ai / ey / ea
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way︱rain paint plain
they grey︱great break
14) [ai] i / y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] ou / ow
house ground account count loud around
flower down now cow how town
16) [əu] o / ow / oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [ɔi] oy / oi
boy toy joy oyster soybean
oil soil voice choice noise
18) [iə] eer / ea / ear / ea / ear / er / ier
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [eə] ear / air / are / ere
bear pear pair chair air fair
care scare square prepare
there where
20) [uə] our / oor *ure
tour poor *sure
2．容易混淆的元音
[æ] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i:] [i]
it eat hit heat sit seat bit beat feet fit
3．辅音

1) [p] pear pour pull push
2) [b] boot bread break
3) [t] ton town twenty city
4) [d] dull dose dictionary

5) * [k] king kite look cook kitchen sky (字母 )
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (字母 )
fox box oxygen x-ray exercise (字母 )
school schedule headache chemistry psychology (字母组合 )
cheque queue picturesque antique (字母组合 )
6) * [g] girl good goal goat grade long language (字母 )
dialogue guest vogue guilty guide safeguard (字母组合 )
7) * [m] man make moon morning move come (字母m)
comb climb autumn column(ist) (字母组合 和 )
8) [n] pen ten nine fine
9) [ŋ] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening (字母组合 )
10) [l] long land lend lord flag black
world cold could goal soul able
11) [r] read red right run room
write wrist wrinkle wrong (字母组合 )
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough tough physic photo phone (字母组合 和 )
13) [v] very even every voice vest
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease ceiling celebrate piece juice science ace (发音字母c)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [θ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth through worth
17) [ð] that this those these though worthy
18) [ʃ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash *sure
nation attention station social special (字母组合 和 )
19) [ʒə] pleasure measure leisure closure (字母组合 )
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how
who whole whore (字母组合 )
21) [w] window wind wood
when what where whisper (字母组合 )
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tʃ] child chicken couch chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dʒ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk joke
education during (字母 )
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods friends
4．容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine
[s] [θ] sink think mass math sort sought [z] [ð] close cloth breeze breathe

5．字母及字母组合发音规律
元音字母及发元音的所有组合在非重读音节中基本上都读[ə] 或(少数)[i]

1）a [ei] [æ] [a:] [ɔ] / [ə] [i]
private bake grape nation station page
active bank fan parent family glad flag
fast dance class past father (美音不同)
wash what watch want
accept formative machine cinema
orange village cabbage comrade

2）e [i:] [e] / [i] [ə] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [i] / [i] [ə]
high price library ice wife size line
fist picky city︱piano fiancé unit
holiday beautiful

4）o [əu] [u:] [ʌ] [ɔ] / [ə] [əu]
host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove improve
love some other mother honey company
lost hot mock office soft honest
today tomorrow control collect
photo zero also

5）u [ju:] [u] [ʌ] / [ə] [i]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull July
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest *business busy

6）c [k] [s]
c在a/o/u及辅音前: camp cable camera country courage culture credit claw
c在e/i/y前: ceiling celebrate cell cease city cigar privacy cycle

7）g [g] [dʒ] [ŋ]
g在a/o/u, ir，辅音前，或置于词尾:
girl grade gorgeous garbage flag frugal
g在e/i/y前: village vegetable bridge gentleman gym germ
long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] (在[g][k]音前或ng组合中[ŋ] )
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young thank
* singer finger

10) r [r] (元音与[r]音的组合，美语)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north perfect

11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dye dying fly buy by my dryer

12) h [h] 不发音
Grasshopper hockey︱hour honest

13) x [gz] [ks]
executive exist exactly exaggerate 重
execute textbook exercise explain oxygen carbon dioxide
*anxious anxiety (tension) controversial
ex中的x发[ks]时，(次)重音在ex上，ex发[eks]，不在其上，则发[iks]。
exercise expectation excellent
except expect excel explain exclude

元音字母与r的组合：
1）ar [a:] [ə] [ɔ:]
farm card garden mark
dollar collar popular
warm warn quarter
(worm word worse worker worth world *sword / worn) 在[w]音后的or, ar

2) er [ə:] [ə] [iə] *[a:]
deserve serve fierce person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious
*sergeant clerk
3) ir [ə:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
4) or [ɔ:] [ə:] [ə]
short form corn born for
*work world worm word worst worthy
tractor doctor actor senior senator
5) ur [ə:] [ə]
Thursday hurt turtle surf ︱sulfur

6) air repair
7) are [εə]
Scare square dare prepare welfare
8) ire [aiə]
hire fire require wire retire inspire
9) ore [ɔ:]
shore ignore snore sore sophomore
10) oar [ɔ:]
board oar roar soar coarse
11) ure [juə] [ə] *[uə] sure
mature lure secure︱nature sculpture
12) ear [ə:] [iə] [εə]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
bear pear tear wear *heart
13) oor [ɔ:] [uə]
door floor
moor poor boor
14) our [auə] [ɔ:] [uə] [ə:] [ə]
hour sour flour
pour four court mourn course
tour bourn︱journey journal
neighbour
15) eer peer engineer pioneer beer career
16) ere [iə] [εə]
interfere mere severe atmosphere sincere
there where

元音字母与w, u的组合：
1) aw au [ɔ:]
law claw drawer flawless yawn
laundry autumn (be)cause pause applaud sauce audience *laugh aunt

2) ew [u:] [ju]
flew threw screw chew shrewd
review preview new ewe dew Jewish
eu [ju] *[u:]
neutral pneumonia neutron Europe *Freud

3) ow [əu] [au]
window meadow know show swallow
now town how down cow
ou [au] [ʌ] [u:] [əu] [ə] [ɔ:]
Count house lousy south pound
tough rough enough country young double touch cousin courage nourish
group soup you︱though soul shoulder
delicious conscious prosperous serious
*bought thought sought
*should could would

4) ui [u:] [ui] [i]
fruit recruit juice suit
suicide tuition intuition fluid
biscuit circuit *suite

元音字母内部组合：{ee就发[i(:)]}
1) eo [i:] [iəu] [iə] [e]
people video neon Neolithic leopard jeopardize

2) ie [i:] [aiə] 词尾tie die pie lie
piece niece thief relieve grief chief brief
field believe grieve hygiene
diet client anxiety society *friend
3) ai/ay [ei] [i]
straight maintain contain hail afraid sustainable raise praise
curtain captain mountain
lay pay stay portray portrait *Sunday

4) ei/ey [ei] [i:] [ai]
foreign eight weigh neighbour veil
obey they grey
receive receipt perceive either
(mon)key money *height (weight)

5) oi/oy noise toilet spoil toy 弱tortoise
6) oo [u:] [u] [ʌ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook book
blood flood

7) oa [əu] [ɔ:] goat upload soap *broad

8) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [iə]
cease season breathe feature please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break *lead/read 同词异音
idea realize *create 弱sergeant

特殊组合：
1) al [ɔ] [ɔ:l] [a:]
ball talk wall mall small
always also salt almost already
half calm

2) se [z] [s] (sum the rule)
nose suppose goose lose pose husband
mouse house

3) th [θ] [ð]
thank think thought cloth method
clothes that this then than

3) ck [k]
lock knock cocktail pocket rocket jacket bucket ticket

4) kn [n]
knee kneel knock knowledge knife

5) sh, tr, dr, dge, ph [f]
share industry trunk hair-dryer fridge
pharmacist phase biography elephant

6) ch [tʃ] [k] [ʃ]
chick peach bleach chat
school schedule stomachache chemistry
machine chef Chicago

7) gu-, -gue [g] [gw] 不发音
guest Ivy league dialogue monologue
language linguistic anguish *tongue

8) gh [f] 不发音
cough enough tough rough
light daughter height weight

9) qu [k] [kw]
clinique queue picturesque antique
quarrel quiet quite quarrel squander

10) ti, ci在弱读元音a, e, o前 [ʃ]
patient negotiate specification
species special insufficient facial
social(sociology) associate (association)

11) sion [ʃən] [ʒən]
extension tension progression passion
confusion supervision conclusion television occasion decision

12) tion [ʃən] [tʃən](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question suggestion digestion

13) ture [tʃə] literature culture

14) –sten / -wr / -stle / -tch / -wh / -mb / -mn / -bu
listen fasten
wrap write wrinkle wrestle castle
kitchen ditch watch
what whistle who whole whore
climb lamb tomb comb bomb
autumn column solemn
buy build *answer two

15) –sc [s] [sk] (find out the rule)
muscle science (sub)conscious scissors scenery scythe
scare score scold sculpture telescope microscope screen scar scarf screen

*sorry worry hurry
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是音节的主要组成部分。英语中有20个元音。
辅音: 发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是音节的重要组成部分，英语中有28个辅音。 （清辅音？浊辅音？）
开音节：1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine. 2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节：1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant
重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元音时，重读元音字母often按+re的音节拼读，字母r分身用：parent various serious experience zero inspiring story during(endure)