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七年级英语祈使句精讲及练习
一、祈使句〔Imperative Sentence〕
定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、制止等句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。
祈使句因对象〔即主语〕是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句动词都为一般现在时,句末那么使用句号来表示完毕。例:
Go and wash your hands.
〔去洗你手。——命令〕
Be quiet, please.〔Please be quiet.〕
〔请安静。——请求〕
Be kind to our sister.
〔对姊妹要和蔼。——劝告〕
Watch your steps.
〔走路小心。——警告〕
Look out!Danger!
〔小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感慨句〕
Keep off the grass.
〔勿践草坪。——制止〕
No parking.
〔制止停车。——制止〕
祈使句也常把主语“You〞表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:
You go and tell him, Chris. 〔克立斯你去告诉他。〕
二、相关口令
祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否认变;
朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感慨号。
三、表现形式
●肯定构造:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有祈使句在意思明确情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否认构造:
1. Do型和Be型否认式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2. Let型否认式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分〞和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分〞。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示制止性祈使句。如:No smoking! 制止吸烟!No fishing! 制止钓鱼!
练习:
将以下汉语翻译成英语。
1. 请照看好您包。 ___________________.
2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!
3. 亲爱,快乐点儿! ___________________!
4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.
5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.
Key:
1. Please look after your bag 2. Let's go to school
3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here
5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in
"let"带头祈使句
由"let"带头祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见动词句型,它主要用法有以下三种:
“建议〞。
这个句型里"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称代词宾语,如:
(1) Let me try.
(2) Let's do it.
(3) Let me go and look for it.
这个句型语气委婉,比直接祈使句客气。试比拟(4)a和(4)b:
(4) a. Don't disturb him.
b. Let's not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。
“间接命令〞或“愿望〞。
这句型里动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:
(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
(6) Let her join our choir.
“警告〞、“蔑视〞、“威胁〞等。
这种祈使句里宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带挖苦,如:
(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
用"let"祈使句时,必须注意以下几点:
一、"let" 否认句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."〔见例(9)〕;如果宾语是第一人称,那么用"Let......not" 〔见例(10)〕:
(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.
(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.
二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当副词,如out, in, down, alone等:
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
(16) Let me alone, please.
四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:
(17) Let's try it, shall we
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you
从(17)里"shall we"和(18)里"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有
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