中考英语专题复习第二部分语法考前梳理专题十一语态.pptx

语法系统梳理,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十一,语态,第1页,考点一,考点二,考点三,语态是动词一个形式,表示主语和谓语关系。当主语是动作执行者时用主动语态,(,某人做某事,);,当主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态,(,某事被某人做,),。,考点一,各种常见时态被动语态,被动语态组成,:,助动词,be+,及物动词过去分词,(,即,p.p.,),。被动语态惯用时态共有,8,种,:,第2页,考点一,考点二,考点三,第3页,考点一,考点二,考点三,第4页,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点二,主动语态变为被动语态方法,主动语态变为被动语态时,通常遵照以下三个步骤,:,1,.,把主动语态宾语变为被动语态主语。,2,.,把主动语态谓语动词改为与其时态相对应被动形式,且与被动语态主语保持人称和数一致。,3,.,将主动语态主语改为介词,by,宾语,置于句末。,“by+,宾语,”,在句中常省略。,请对比下面主动句和被动句,:,第5页,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点三,被动语态几个特殊形式,1,.,含有双宾语主动句变为被动句,含有双宾语主动句变成被动句时有两种变法,:,(1),把指,“,人,”,间接宾语变为主语,指,“,物,”,直接宾语保留不变。,My father gave me a new bike.,I was given a new bike by my father.,我父亲给了我一辆新自行车。,第6页,考点一,考点二,考点三,(2),把指,“,物,”,直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前要加介词,to(,在,send,pass,write,give,show,bring,等动词之后,),或,for(,在,buy,cook,make,order,choose,等动词之后,),。,My teacher gave me some advice.,Some advice was given to me by my teacher.,老师给了我一些提议。,Mary bought me a new book.,A new book was bought for me by Mary.,玛丽给我买了一本新书。,第7页,考点一,考点二,考点三,2,.,含有复合宾语主动句变被动句,(1),含有复合宾语主动句变为被动句时,要将其中宾语变成主语,宾语补足语不变。,Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.,Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk.,吉姆叫汤姆去散步。,(2),在主动句中,一些表示感官或使役意义动词,如,hear,watch,see,feel,notice,let,make,have,和,help,等后面宾语补足语是动词不定式时,主动语态中要用不带,to,动词不定式,但在变为被动语态时,不定式符号,to,应补出。,The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.,They were made to work for 16 hours a day(by the boss).,老板让他们一天工作,16,个小时。,第8页,考点一,考点二,考点三,【巧学妙记】,感使动词好奇怪,to,来,to,去费神猜。,主动句里,to,拿走,被动句中,to,回来。,第9页,考点一,考点二,考点三,3,.,短语动词被动形式,许多不及物动词加介词或副词后组成短语动词,相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态时候,不能把短语动词分开,也不能遗漏短语动词中介词或副词。,Tony always takes care of his sister.,His sister is always taken care of by Tony.,托尼总是照料他妹妹。,第10页,考点一,考点二,考点三,4,.,主动形式表示被动意义,(1),一些表示主语质地、本身特征动词,如,write,wash,sell,read,clean,cook,等,常和副词,well,或,easily,连用,用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下,普通用作不及物动词。,The shop opens at six in the morning.,这家商店早晨六点开门。,The pen writes well.,这支钢笔写起来很流利。,(2)feel,sound,taste,smell,等动词惯用主动形式表示被动意义。,The songs sound good.,这些歌听起来很好听。,第11页,考点一,考点二,考点三,(3),在表示,“,需要,”,意义,need,want,require,等词后接主动动词,-ing,形式表示被动意义。,The house needs repairing.,这座房子需要修理。,(4),在,be worth doing,句型中,句子主语是,doing,逻辑宾语,不过依然使用主动形式。,The film is well worth watching.,这部电影很值得看。,第12页,考点一,考点二,考点三,【巧学妙记】,巧记被动语态使用方法,谁做动作不知道,或说谁做无须要,;,言者强调承受者,被动语态都最好。,宾语提前主语变,时态人称,be,关键,;,过去分词勿变错,原主变宾,by,后见。,不定式若省略,to,请听观感使让助,;,但有一点要记住,被动语态补上,to,。,第13页,