电气工程专业英语复习讲义.doc

㈠/㈡Translate the following speciality vocabulary into Chinese/English.

1) resistance 电阻
2) resistor 电阻器
3) resist 阻抗
4) insulator 绝缘体
5) conductor 导体
6) voltage 电压
7) capacitor 电容器
8) capacitance 电容
9) atom 原子
10) nucleus 核子
11) proton 质子
12) charge 电荷、负荷
13) negative charge 负电荷
14) positive charge 正电荷
15) electric field 电场
16) free electron 自由电子
17) alternator 交流发电机
18) circuit 电路
19) load 负荷、负载
20) battery 电池
21) switch 开关
22) voltmeter 电压表
23) ammeter 电流表
24) voltage drop 电压降
25) current flow 电流
26) diode 二极管
27) transistor 晶体管
28) semiconductor 半导体
29) crystal 晶体
30) impurity 杂质
31) periodic Table 元素周期表
32) number system 数字系统
33) decimal system 十进制系统
34) binary system 二进制系统
35) hexadecimal system 十六进制系统
36) AC(Alternating Current) 交流电
37) DC(Direct Current) 直流电
38) electrical energy 电能
39) mechanical energy 机械能
40) law of inertia 惯性定律
41) angular speed 角速度
42) principle 原理、原则
43) closed-loop control 闭环控制
44) open-loop control 开环控制
45) feedback 反馈
46) thermostat 自动调温器
47) proportional system 比例系统
48) microprocessor 微处理器
49) walk of life 职业、行业
pl. walks of life
50) drill press 钻床
51) workpiece 工件
52) mainframe 主机、大型机
53) transmitter / sensor 传感器
54) incompatible 不相容的
词组：与…不相容 be incompatible with…
55) converter 转换器
56) analog signal 模拟信号
57) digital signal 数字信号
58) logical signal 逻辑信号
59) relay 继电器
60) repeater 中继器
61) amplifier 放大器
62) electromagnetism 电磁、电磁学
63) byte 字节
64) programmable accessories编程附件
65) industrial bus 工业总线

㈢According to the English abbreviation, write English and Chinese meaning complete form.

英文缩写
英文的完整形式
中文意思
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller
可编程序逻辑控制器
DSP
Digital Signal Processing
数字信号处理
DC
Direct Current
直流电
AC
Alternating Current
交流电
CPU
Central Processing Unit
中央处理器
BCD
Binary-Coded Decimal
二进制编码的十进制
PPI
Point-to-Point Interface
点-点接口
CNC
Computerized Numerical Control
计算机数值控制
PC
Personal Computer
个人计算机
PG
Programming device
编程设备
RPM
Revolutions Per Minute
转/分
CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing
计算机辅助制造
CAD
Computer Aided Design
计算机辅助设计
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
电子数字积分计算机
㈣According to the Chinese, complete sentences.
⑴机械系统服从惯性定律。
Mechanical systems are subject to the law of inertia.
⑵这课程意在给你提供基本的PLC的功能和配置信息。
This course is meant to supply you with basic information on the functions and configurations of PLCs.
⑶对于CNC机器的复杂性的最重要的技术指标就是有多少个轴。
One of the first specifications that implies a CNC machine’s complexity is how many axes it has.
⑷电流(电压)的度量单位是安培 (伏特)。
The current (voltage) unit of measurement is the ampere (volt).
⑸十进制数28除以16，商为1，余数为12。
Decimal 28 divided by 16 is 1 with a remainder of 12.
㈤Answer the questions in English.
⑴What is a hydrogen atom made up of?
Answer: A hydrogen atom has only one electron and one proton.
⑵What does Ohm’s Law state?
Answer: It states that the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. From this law the following formula is derived:

⑶What is a series circuit?
Answer: A series circuit is formed when any number of resistors are connected end-to-end so that there is only one path for current to flow.
⑷What’s the feature of the elements that are from column Ⅲa in the Periodic Table?
Answer: These elements only have three electrons available to share with other atoms.
⑸Which number system is commonly used in everyday life?
Answer: The decimal system is commonly used in everyday life.
⑹What is NET force?
Answer: Net force is the vector sum of all forces that act on an object, including friction and gravity.
⑺What is the content of the law of inertia?
Answer: The law of inertia states that an object will tend to remain in its current state of rest or motion unless acted upon by an external force.
⑻What is power?
Answer: Power is the rate of doing work, or work divided by time.

⑼What is the principle of close-loop control?
Answer: The principle of closed-loop control consists in the value to be controlled being fed back from the place of measurement via the controller and its settings facility into the controlled system.
⑽How does a PLC work?
Answer: A PLC monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program, and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
⑾What do PLCs consist of?
Answer: PLCs consist of input modules or points, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and output modules or points.
⑿What is the traditional use of industrial bus?
Answer: Traditionally, the industrial bus has been used to allow a central computer to communicate with a field device.
㈥/㈦Translate the English(Chinese) given into Chinese(English).
⑴Resistors are components that have a predetermined resistance. Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component.
译：电阻器是预先设定好电阻的元件。电阻的大小将决定流过电阻器的电流的大小。
⑵Metals have very low resistance. A low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow.
译：金属的电阻很小。很小的电阻允许很大的电流通过。
⑶That is why wires are made of metal. They allow current to flow from one point to another point without any resistance. Wires are usually covered with rubber or plastic.
译：这就是电线为什么用金属制成。它们允许电流流过而没有任何阻抗。电线通常外面包裹着橡胶或塑料。
⑷On further study of charges scientists found that all negative charges are integer multiples of a certain very small charge.
译：通过对电荷的进一步研究，科学家们发现所有负电荷的电荷量都可以看做一个整数与一个很小的电荷量的乘积。
⑸Electrons of an atom have orbits at different distances from the nucleus. For some atoms the electrons in the farthest orbits have only weak forces binding them to the atoms.
译：原子内的电子在离核不同的位置上绕核运动，在某些原子中对离核最远的电子只有很微弱的力将其束缚在原子内。
⑹Diodes are components that allow current to flow in only one direction. They have a positive side and a negative side.
译：二极管是一种只允许电流以一个方向流过的元件。它有一个正极和一个负极。
⑺If we take a piece of the P-type material and connect it to a piece of N-type material and apply voltage then current will flow. Electrons will be attracted across the junction of the P and N materials.
译：如果将一块N型材料同一块P型材料相连，然后加上电压，将有电流通过。电子将被吸引穿过PN结的材料。
⑻A microprocessor, for example, can endow a machine with decision-making ability, memory for instructions, and self-adjusting controls.
译：例如微处理器，可以赋予一台机器决策的能力，指令的存储及自适应控制。
⑼Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents, which can be macroscopic currents in wires, or microscopic currents associated with electrons in atomic orbits.
译：电磁场可以由流过导线的宏观电流产生，或者可以由在原子轨道上的电子运动引起微观电流产生。
⑽Process control is a term applied to the control of variable in a manufacturing process.
译：过程控制是用来表示制造过程中控制变量的一个术语。
⑾Once a program has been written it needs to be tested and debugged.
译：一旦程序写好，程序就要被测试和调试。
⑿In many companies the CAM system will work with the computer aided design (CAD) drawing developed by the company’s design engineering department.
译：在许多公司中，经过工程设计部门的开发，CAM系统将会同计算机辅助设计（CAD）一起来制图。
⒀Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
译：欧姆定律涉及理想导体中的电压与电流的关系。
⒁Semiconductors are any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.
译：半导体是一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体。
⒂Resistors can be connected in series; that is, the current flows through them one after another.
译：电阻可以串接；即电流一一流过它们。
⒃In the early part of the 19th century, George Simon Ohm proved by experiment that a precise relationship exists between current, voltage, and resistance.
译：在十九世纪早期，乔治•西蒙•欧姆通过实验证明电流、电压和电阻之间存在着精确的关系。
⒄A sensor is a device, such as a photoelectric cell, that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.
译：传感器是接收并响应信号或刺激的器件，例如光电池。
⒅Resistance determines how much current will flow through a resistor.
译：电阻将决定流过一个电阻器的电流的大小。
㈧Translate the short passage given into Chinese.
⑴The charge of an electron or of a proton is much too small to be basic quantity of charge for almost all practical applications. The SI unit of charge is coulomb, with the symbol C. A coulomb of negative charge equals of electrons. The coulomb is a derived SI unit, which means that it can be derived from SI base unit.
译：对于所有具体应用，用电子或质子的电荷量作为电荷的基本单位太小了。国际单位制中电荷的单位名称是库仑，符号是C。一库仑负电荷与6.242×1018个电子的电荷量相等。库仑来自国际单位制，这意味着它可以由国际单位制中的基本单位导出。
⑵Switches are devices that create a short circuit or an open circuit depending on the position of the switch. For a light switch, ON means short circuit (current flows through the switch, lights light up). When the switch is OFF, that means there is an open circuit (no current flows, lights go out). When the switch is ON, it looks and acts like a wire. When the switch is OFF, there is no connection.
译：开关是一种根据开关的位置来接通或断开电路的设备。对于电灯开关，ON意味着接通（电流过开关，灯点亮）。当开关在OFF状态，这意味着开路（没有电流流过，灯熄灭）。当开关是ON是，它看起来和起的作用就像一条导线。当开关是OFF时，就相当于导线没有连接。
⑶As applications get more complicated, and especially when new programs are required on a regular basis, writing programs manually becomes much more difficult. To simplify the programming process, a computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system can be used. A CAM system is a software program that runs on a computer (commonly a PC) that helps the CNC programmer with the programming process. Generally speaking, a CAM system will take the tediousness and drudgery out of programming.
译：当应用变得更加复杂，特别是需要经常写新程序时，人工写程序就变得越来越困难了。为了简化编程过程，可以采用计算机辅助制造（CAM）系统。CAM系统是一种运行在计算机（通常是个人计算机）上的帮助CNC编程人员编程的编程软件。一般来讲，CAM系统将使人摆脱编程的沉闷和辛苦。