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(仁爱版)英语七年级下册知识点归纳与总结.doc

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(仁爱版)英语七年级下册知识点归纳 Unit 5 Topic1 重点语法 一般现在时(常与频度副词___never____, ___seldom____, ___sometimes____,___often____, ___usually_,____always______等连用) 重点句型  —How do you usually come to school? —I usually come to school by subway. —How often do you go to the library? —__once_____(一次)/____twice___(两次)/___three ___times____(三次)a week Very often/Every day/Seldom 重点详解 1.I always come to school by bus. by+交通工具名称,表示使用某种交通方式,中间不加限定词,如果交通工具前有_a/an___, __the_,形物代_ 等限定词,就不能用by,而是用___in__或是__on__. on the train=__by__ train on his bike=__by__ bike in my car=_by___ car. Eg: I go to school by bike. (on my bike) Ps: 之前说的take+a/an/the+交单,但是这是一个动词词组,不能和By+交单对等互换。 系动词 包含Be 句子结构:1 主谓宾: I love you。 2 主谓:I go。 3 主系表: you are beautiful。 巧辩异同 on foot 与 walk on foot “走路”,是介词短语,不能作谓语,只作方式状语,位于句末。walk “走路”,是动词,可以作谓语。   go to…on foot= walk to I often go to school on foot. =I often ____ ____school. 同样,go to….by bike = ride/__take__ a bike to go to…. by car = drive/_take___ a car to go to … by plane = fly to/__take__ __a__ __plane__ __to__ go to… by bus =___take_ a bus to 2 .Come on! It’s time for class. come on 意思是“____,____,____”。   It’s time __for__ sth=It’s time __to__ __do__ sth.=It’s time for doing sth.  It’s time for dinner= It’s time to eat dinner= It’s time for eating dinner. 3 .look的短语 look __the__ ___same_看起来一样   look __like__看起来像…… look __for__寻找 look __after__ 照顾 4 .do my homework at school 在学校做作业  do one’s homework 做家庭作业(注意:one’s 要随主语的变化而变化,常用形容词性物主代词__my__, __your__, __his__,__her__, _its___, __our__,__your__,their等)。 5 we _want___ __to__ know about the school life of American students. 我们想了解一下美国学生的学校生活。 Want to do sth= would like to do sth. know about “了解,知道关于…”。 6 巧辩异同  a few与few :________ “一些”,____“很少,几乎没有”,修饰___名词。         a little与little:________“一些”,___“很少,几乎没有”,修饰____ 名词。 7 They often play basketball or soccer, go swimming and so on. go swimming 去游泳 and so on “等等”,表示还有很多。    拓展 go+v.-ing 表示去做某事,强调______(户内/户外),户内:do some ving类似的有: ________ __fishing______ 去钓鱼 ____go____ __shopping_ 去买东西 ________ ____boating____ 去划船 ________ ___skating_____ 去滑冰 8 How often do you go to the library? 你多久去一次图书馆? how often“多久一次”,问______。答语常用频度副词never, always,often等或单 位时间内的次数:_once a week__一周一次 __twice a month________每月两次_____three times a year______ 每年三次 语法讲解 一般现在时 一般现在时表示: (1)现在所处的状态。Jane __is_ at school. Jane在学校。 (2)经常或习惯性的动作。I often ___ ___ school by bus. 我经常坐公交去上学。 (3)主语具备的性格和能力。He likes ______ football. 他喜欢踢足球。 (4)客观真理。The earth goes _around__ the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 常用的时间状语:often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等等。 行为动词的一般现在时,助动词是do/don’t和does/doesn’t.当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时,行为动词用原形。 肯定式:I go to school on foot. 否定式:I ___ ___ ___ school on foot. 疑问式:___ you ___ ___ school on foot? —Yes, I ___ . —No, I ___ 当主语是第三人称单数时,动词用第三人称单数形式,在词尾加-s或-es。(思考:动词单三变换规律) 肯定式:He___ to work by bus. 否定式:He ___ ___ ___ work by bus. 疑问式:___ he ___ ___ work by bus? —Yes, he___ . —No, he ___ . Topic2 重点语法 现在进行时态。Be+ving 重点句型  What are you ______ ? He is cleaning the dormitory. Are you ______ your homework? Yes, I am./No, I am not. 重点详解 1 at the moment“此刻,现在”,相当于_now__ . 2 巧辩异同 go to sleep与go to _bed__ ① go to bed“上床”“就寝”I often go to bed at ten. ② go to sleep“入睡”“睡着”Last night I went to sleep ___ two o’clock. 3 巧辩异同some, a few 与a little “一些,有些”三者都修饰名词。  some既可以修饰___ 名词又可以修饰______ 名词。 We want some apples and some water.    a few用在___ 名词___ 数之前,a little用在______ 名词之前。 There are ___ ___ books and ___ ___ water in the classroom. 教室里有一些书和一些水。 4 与how相关的短语 ___ ___多常 ___ ___/___ ___多少 how much多少钱___ ___多大 5You must return them on time.你必须按时归还它们。Return意为“归还,回归” ① return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人=__give_ __back_ sth. to sb/_give__ sth back to sb Give sth to sb / give sb sth ② return to“回到…”,相当于come _back__ to… 6 Maria and a girl are talking at the lost and found. talk“交谈”,常用的短语talk _to__/with sb.“与某人交谈” 巧辩异同talk, say, speak与tell (1)____“交谈”,表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。 (2) ____“说话”,强调开口发声,后常接某种语言。 (3)____“说”,强调所说的话的内容。 (4) ____“告诉”,有时兼含“嘱咐”“命令”等。tell a truth说真话,tell a lie说谎, tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。 7. I can’t find my purse(=wallet) and I am looking for it. ___ ___“寻找”,强调寻找的过程; ___“找到”强调找的结果。 8 .look(at), see与 read  ______指看的动作,______指看的结果,______常指看书、看报纸等。 9 .Here are some photos of his.这有他的一些照片。 photos of his是双重所有格。his是名词性物主代词,后还可以接名词所有格。a friend of __mine___我的一个朋友 a classmate of my ___brother’s___我弟弟的一个同学 A book of yours a wallet of his mother’s a car of my father’s 弟弟的同学:brother’s classmate 10 .I also want to go there one day.我也希望有一天到那儿。 also意为“也”,常用于be动词和情态动词后面,实义动词的前面。   巧辩异同 also与too also放在______,too用于______。 语法讲解 现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示:现在正在进行或发生的动作。 2.常用的时间状语:__look____, at the moment, __now__, listen等。 3.谓语动词构成:be(am/is/are)+v.-ing形式。 4.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。 (1)肯定式:I am running. You are running. He/She is running. (2)否定式:_I am not_____ running. You ______ running. He/She______running. (3)一般疑问句及回答:—Are you running? —Yes, I___./—No, I ______. —Is he/she running? —Yes, he/she ___./ —No. he/she ____. Topic3 重点语法 一般现在时和现在进行时的使用和异同。 重点句型  What day is it today? It’s ______. Why do you like it? It’s easy and interesting. What class are they having? They ______ ______ a music class. 重点详解 1 询问星期几用What day…?回答:It’s Wednesday/Sunday…。(复习周一到周日) 与特殊疑问句词what有关的短语: what ____什么班 what ____什么颜色 what ____几点 what ____几号(日期) 2 How many lessons does he have every weekday? ____ ____+可数名词的复数形式;____ ____+不可数名词。 3 一个星期的第一天是Sunday, 在星期几前用介词____, 在具体点钟前用____ 4 learning about the past了解过去   learn about了解 拓展 learn ____向……学习  learn ____ ____自学 5 What do you think of …? = ____ ____ ____ ____…?你认为……怎么样? 6 —Why? —Because it’s interesting. 用why提问必须用____回答。 7 Which subject do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目? like best最喜欢,可用____“特别喜爱的”转换。(思考:转换对等吗?) 8 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好=____________________ Unit6 Topic1 重点语法 There be 句型和方位介词短语。 重点句型  There ____two bedrooms and a a small study. There ____a lamp, a computer, some books and so on. —Is there a computer in your study? —Yes, there is. Don't put them here. Put them away. 重点讲解 1 It’s on the second floor. 在哪一层楼,用介词____。on表示在……上面。second是序数词,前面要用定冠词____, 意为第二(的)。    巧辩异同 two与second   two是____数词,second是____数词,“第二”或“第二的”,指排列顺序。 2 in 在……里面,是方位介词。in the box in the classroom Is there…? 表示某地存在……吗?其肯定回答是:Yes, there is. 否定回答No, there ____.它的复数形式为Are there…? 其肯定回答是:Yes, there ____. 否定回答No, there aren’t. 3 巧辩异同 there be与 have (1) there be“有”,指(某地)存在“有”。 (2) have“有”,指人或某物“拥有”。There is a dog in the picture. The dog ____ two big eyes. 注:there be 遵循就近原则。be 用is还是are,取决于离该动词最近的那个名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用is,如果是复数就用are。 4 have a look看看。后面接名词时要用____. 如have a look at your watch. 5 talk about“谈论,议论”,后接名词或动名词。 talk with/to “与某人交谈” 6 用来询问某地有某物,其结构为:What’s+介词短语,回答时应用there be句型。 7 play with“和……玩耍”,“玩”   play ____ sb. “与某人一起玩” 8 put ____ 把……放好 9 look after“保管,照顾”,相当于take ____ ____ 10 巧辩异同in the tree与on the tree (1) ____ the tree 指外来物体在树上。 (2) ____the tree树木本身长出来的花、树叶等。 11 巧辩异同like doing与like to do like ____ 表示经经常性或习惯性的兴趣、爱好。与love doing相似。    like ____ 表示偶尔的、一次性的喜欢。与love to do相似。 12 I’m very glad to get a letter from you.我很高兴收到你的来信。 get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信=____ from sb. Topic2 重点语法 There be 句型 Wh-questions 重点句型  What’s your home like? What’s the matter? Sorry, I can’t hear you. I’ll get someone to check it right now. There is something wrong with my kitchen fan. 重点讲解 1 house with three bedrooms.有三间卧室的房子。  with “有,带有”。    With还可以意为“和(某人/某物)在一起” 2 apartment for a family of two.适合两口之家的公寓。 (1) ____表示“给……”表示目的或功能。Here is a letter for you. (2)____的含义为“属于某人/某事物”。She is a friend of Lily’s. = She is Lily’s friend. 3 What’s the matter?怎么了?该句常用来询问某或某物出了什么什么问题或毛病;询问具体某人或某物出了什么问题时,还可以表达为:What’s the matter____ sb./sth.某人或某物出了什么毛病。 What’s the matter? = What’s ____? 4 I hear you playing the piano.我听见你在弹钢琴。 hear…____sth.“听见……在做某事”,强调正在进行的动作。(do还是doing) hear…____ sth.“听见……做了某事”,强调全过程。(do还是doing) hear about sth.听到关于某事物的消息 hear ____ sb.接到某人的来信、电话等 hear ____ sb./sth.听到或知道某人或某事物的情况 5 a lot of = ____ of许多 后接____数名词,相当于many;后接不可数名词,相当于____,用于肯定句中;但是注意:如果是否定句,刚常用many或much. 6 be far from… 离……远(抽象距离) be…away from…离……远(具体距离) My school is not far from the bookstore. The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel. 7 There is something wrong ____ sb./sth.某人或某物出问题/有毛病了。 8 I’ll get someone to check it right now.我马上派人去检查。 get sb.____ sth.使某人做某事 someone=somebody某人 right now= ____ ____= right away马上,立刻 语法讲解 There be…(表示“有”)用法 1.“There + be+主语+地点状语”表示“某处有某物”;地点状语也可放在句首,有时可用“,”与后面的部分隔开。There are some pictures on the wall.=On the wall, there are some pictures. 2.它的疑问形式是将“____”提到“there”之前。 ____ there any books on the desk? 3.它的否定形式是在“be”后加“not”. Topic3 重点语法 特殊疑问句和问路、指路的方式。 重点句型  —Excuse me, how can I get to … —Go along… and turn left at the first street. Be careful! Don't play on the street. 重点讲解 1 go up “沿着……走”与它相近的词有go ____/____ 2 get to 到达,后接地点名词 get to =reach=arrive ____/____ 与get有关的短语: get ____ 收获 get ____上车 get ____下车 get ____出去 get out ____从……出来 get ____起床 3 across from 在……对面 4 It’s good to help children and old people to cross the road.帮助孩子和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。It’s good ____ ____ sth.做某事是助人为乐的行为。 5 on the corner of = ____the corner of “在……拐角处”,表示在某一地方或建筑物外面的拐角处。____ the corner of 表示在某一建筑物内的拐角处。 6 有关come的短语 come____ 来到 come ____来自于…… come ____ 加油,赶快 come____ 进来 come ____ 出来 come ____下来 come ____回来 Unit7 Topic1 重点语法 掌握be动词的一般过去式。Was/were 重点句型  —__Were__ you born in Hebei? Yes, I __was__./ No, I __wasn’t__. —When____ your daughter born? —She ____ born on October 22nd, 1996. What's the shape of your present? = What does it look like? how old/How tall/how high How long/wide is it? What do we use it for? We use it to study English. Use sth for sth use sth to do 重点讲解 1 英语中日期可以有两种表达法: (1)月日,年。_July 30th, 2014__ (2)日月,年。___30th July, 2014___ 2 plan __to do__ sth.计划做某事 plan for sth.计划某事 I plan to have/hold/celebrate birthday party. I plan for a visit to +地方。 3 基数词变序数词的规律: 基变序,有规律,五、十二ve用f替再加th the fifth the twelfth 一二三,特殊记,整几十改y为ie再加th first second third thirtieth 八去t九去e再加th,几十几只改个位就可以。 Eighth ninth 4 表示确切“几百”时,hundred后面不加“s”,但表示不确定数目的“数以百计”时,hundred后面应加“s”,用“hundreds of”表示。 _three__ _hundred____ __students___三百名学生 hundreds of ___students_____几百名学生 thousand ten thousand one hundred thousand million(百万) ten million 100 million billion 789,456,123 seven hundred and eighty-nine million four hundred and fifty-six thousand one hundred and twenty-three 只有百位和十位间用and连接 1,234,567,891: one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-one 5 英语中表达物体的长、宽、高,先说数字,再说单位,最后加上一个表示长、宽、高的形容词。“.”读做“point”。 6.4米长 six point four meter long Point (v.) to/at 指 15.2 M 高: fifteen point two meter high 6 What do we use it for?我们用它来做什么? use sth. _to_ _do_ sth.用某物做某事. = use sth. _for_ doing sth. 语法讲解 be动词的一般过去时 1. be动词的一般过去时,表示过去存在的状态。 My brother __ at school yesterday. 2. be动词的过去式为__ /____ ,其否定式为was not/____(缩写)和were not/____(缩写). 3. 一般疑问句以及简略回答:—____ you born in July,1999? —Yes, I ____ ./No,I ____ . Topic2 重点语法 掌握情态动词can/can’t,could/couldn’t的用法。 重点句型  —Can/Could you dance? —Yes, I can/could. No, I can’t/couldn’t. —What can you do? —I can speak English. He can’t sing English songs. 重点讲解 1 —Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs? —Chinese songs. 选择疑问句中,回答时只能选择一者作答,不能用“____ ”或“____ ”回答。 2 I’d(would) like to take these flowers to the party. take sb./sth. ___sw.带某人/某物去某地 Borrow/boring/bring 巧辩异同 take与bring ____ (从说话人处带到别处)带去,带走 ____ (由别处带到说话人处)带来 3 一段时间+____ 是表示过去的时间状语。 例如:two years ago at the _age___ of 在……岁的时候 4 be good __at__ doing sth. = do well __in__ doing sth.擅长做某事,在……方面做得好。 She is good at dancing = she does well in dancing 5 with one’s help = with the help____ … 在……的帮助下 With A’s help, I can play LOL= With the help of A, I can play LOL. 6 can和could的使用 (1) can(could)“可以,同意,准许”表示请求,允许。could语气较can委婉。 (2) can“会,能”,表示能力,could表示过去的能力。 Topic3 重点语法 行为动词的一般过去时及其回答。 重点句型  —Did you sing a song at the party? —Yes, I did/No, I didn’t. I missed the chair and fell down. How could you lie to me? Kangkang made a silent wish and then he blew the candles out in one breath. 重点讲解 1 Did Kangkang enjoy himself?康康玩得开心吗? Enjoy是及物动词,后接名词,代词或是动名词,意为“喜爱,欣赏,享受……的乐趣。” enjoy oneself = have a ____ /_great_time玩得愉快 enjoy __doing_sth. 喜欢做某事 巧辩异同 like, love与enjoy (1)____ 喜欢(程度较弱)like doing/to do (2) ____ 热爱(程度较强)love doing/to do (3)____ 喜爱,欣赏,享受……的乐趣enjoy doing 2 It’s your turn.该你了。 turn 是名词,意思是“轮流”,It’s one’s turn____ ____ sth.轮到某人做某事。 还可以做连系动词,意为“变成……”,后接形容词做表语。 例如:树叶变绿了。The _leaves___ __turn__ __green__ 。 3 反身代词oneself变化如下:①第一二人称用形容词性物主代词+self(selves) I→______ you→_yourself_____/(___yourselves_____) ②第三人称用人称代词宾格+self(selves) ourselves he→_himself_____ her→_herself_____ they→__themselves____ 4 What happened to Michael at the party?聚会上迈克发生什么事情了? happen ____ sb. 某人发生某事, to是介词 happen___ ___…碰巧干某事,to是不定式符号 语法讲解 一般过去式 一、 一般过去式表示: (1)过去存在的状态。My father ____(be) at work yesterday afternoon. ( 2 )过去某个时间发生的动作。 I ____(get) up at 6:30 yesterday. (3)过去经常或反复发生的动作。He always____(go) to work by bus last year. 常用的时间状语:two days/months/years ago, last year, in those days, just now,in 2002 二、动词过去式的构成: 1. 规则动词①在动词后面直接加“___”。play-played ②动词以“e”结尾加“___”。move-moved ③动词以辅音字母加y结尾改y为___加___. study-studied ④动词为重读闭音节,双写词尾的辅音字母加ed. plan-___ stop-___ 2. 不规则动词 am/is-was are-were do-did (详情见书后不规则动词表) 三、行为动词一般过去时态陈述句变否定句和一般疑问句: 肯定句:I bought some books yesterday. 否定句: I_didn’t____ _buy__ any books yesterday. 一般疑问句:__Did___you _buy__ any books yesterday? 10                    第  页
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