高三英语阅读理解能力.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,题型训练,-,阅读理解,Erin HE,1,.,一考查的内容：本部分测试考生理解关于一般性话题的英语简短文章的能力”（具体），强调“一般性话题”和“简短文章”，暗示选材不会超越中学生应有的知识涵盖面。,2,.,二考查的目的,1.,这个题型集中、全面地考查考生从阅读中准确获取信息的能力，,2.,强调考生对语篇的整体把握能力，,3.,对语言文化因素的运用能力和解决实际问题的能力。,3,.,三试题的类型,1.,客观性试题 一般要求考生通过扫读全文或细读文章的某个部分，从而获得解题所需要的信息。（考题中的细节题）,2.,主观性试题 要求考生透过文章的字面信息进行分析、归纳、推理或想象，如对作者的写作意图，人物性格特征、行为动机，事件的前因后果、故事的发展走向，文章的中心思想等作出合理判断。（考题中的主旨大意题，篇章结构题，写作的目的和对象，以及猜词义和句义题）,4,.,；试管代妈 试管代妈,；,“运斤成风”的技艺了？请结合社会生活实际，写一篇不少于800字的文章，题目自拟。写作提示以寓言故事为材料的作文，首先必须把握寓言的“寓意”。这则寓言的寓意是：事物是因为相对立而存在，相比较而突现，相对比而发展的。老子的有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相倾，音声相和，前后相随学说讲的就是这个道理。“结合社会生活实际”是作文的关键。如果就寓言谈寓言，就庄子谈庄子，就匠石谈匠石，那么就“答非所问”了。作文题三十?阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。有调查显示加校叮埃难械轿薹敫改附涣骱凸低杂诔沙杏龅降睦蟆衬蘸臀侍猓矗玻难衔岩杂敫改附涣鳎玻罚难硎敬硬挥敫改附涣鳌质瞪钪校鬃又浯嬖诟艉业南窒蟛幌始跹拍芙饩龈改赣胱优溆行低哪烟饽兀？/P 请你以一位高中学生的身份给报社撰稿，参加讨论，发表你的看法。题目自拟，不少于800字。写作提示一般情况下，一篇完整的议要求具有提出问题、分析问题和解决问题三个部分，但是这篇文章要求就“怎样才能解决父母与子女之间有效沟通的难题”“参加讨论”和发表“看法”，所以写作的重点应该落实在“解决问题”上。当然也需要一定的“分析问题”作为“解决问题”的前提和条件。“以一位高中学生的身份”是作文时需要注意的重要信息。?作文题三十一?阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。“我有一个梦”是上世纪评出的全世界最有名的十句名言的第一句，它是马丁路德金在演讲中提到的，他的演讲现在也成为世界有名的演讲之一。“我有一个梦”为什么成为世界名言？200年前的康德有一句话：人的本性就在于知其不可为而为之。如果没有这个本性，人与动物就没有什么区分了。人的创造性就在于，通过自己的不懈追求去实现那些原先被认为不可能甚至于不可思议的事情。这是非常深刻的见解。仔细阅读上述材料，以“我有一个梦”为话题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，题目自拟。写作提示材料中包含两个主要信息：“我有一个梦”是世界名言；康德的话以及对康德话的阐述。这里，后者是对前者的诠释。由此可以看出，材料中的“梦”是指实现那些原先被认为不可能甚至不可思议的事情，即目标、理想等。这么多年来这句话备受推崇，是因为它给了我们追求的勇气和力量。可以围绕这一立意确定自己的论述范围和观点，避免写成“我的理想”之类的空泛文章。作文题三十二 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。杨振宁1971年第一次回到祖国的时候就要求见一见他的老同学邓稼先，因为邓稼先是在美国和杨振宁一起拿博士学位的，杨振宁留在美国，而邓稼先回来了。见了面以后杨就问邓，你是不是给我说一说，中国搞核武器有没有外国人帮助？这个问题问得很自然，为什么呢？因为美国搞核武器一些主要人员都是欧洲的移民，苏联发展核武器也有很多西方科学家帮忙。邓稼先是一个治学严谨的科学家，他说：“我知道没有，但是让我再去调查一下。”过了一个多星期，杨振宁从到，在大厦吃饭的时候传进来一张条子，在这张条子上邓稼先写着：我已经做过调查，确实是中国自力更生的结果。杨振宁看了这张条子以后，感动得流泪了。以“从杨振宁流泪说起”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。写作提示要思考材料中的这些问题：杨振宁第一次回到祖国，为什么急切地要知道中国搞核武器有没有外国人帮助？杨振宁的流泪说明了他怎样的情感？杨振宁的流泪与他的诺贝尔奖又有什么联系？对这些问题的仔细思考，会给你作文的思路：一位成功者成功的要素是什么？情感在学业有成、事业有成中会有怎样的作用？作文题目是“从杨振宁流泪说起”，要注意题目中的“说起”，也就是说“杨振宁的流泪”只是你作文的导入或由头，如果单纯地写“杨振宁流泪”，那么就难以切题。?作文题三十三 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。登山的人，有的目不旁视，奋力攀登，他执著于到达峰顶的瞬间风光；有的则流连沿途风景，且走且赏，山顶不过是他歇脚的地方。不只登山，生活也是这样：两种心态，两种行为，两种价值观。你怎么看待这个问题呢？请以“进取心与平常心”为话题，联系现实生活，写一篇文章。自定立意，自拟标题，自选文体，不少于800字。写作提示情感、态度、价值观，是新课标提出的课程理念之一。要关注生活、关注人生，而以怎样的态度，持怎样的价值观，就是一个不可回避的问题。对于两种心态、行为、价值观，拟题者并未厚此薄彼，学生亦无需定势思维，完全可以从自己的生活体验出发，以自己的人生判断为尺度，真诚地表达自己要说的话，风行水上，自然成文，就是好文章。作文题三十四 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。我们周围很多古代遗址都得到了保护和修缮，电视上几个戏曲节目备受欢迎，书市上古代文化类的图书也在悄悄升温，在重大的节日里很多人都穿起了唐装传统的历史文化气氛笼罩着我们的生活。就连2008年将在举行的奥运盛会，也提出了“文化奥运”的全新理念。文化，对于今天的中国意味着什么？传统，对于今天的文化意味着什么？作为生长在这个古老而又现代的国度的中学生来说，这是一个不能不去弄明白的事情。请以“文化与传统”为话题，自主立意，自拟题目，写一篇800字以上的作文，要与话题有关，除诗歌外，文体不限。写作提示这是一道有传统文化色彩的题目。2004年广东作文题为我们开了个好头，体现了新课标的方向：关注社会，关注身边的现实生活。关注它们的变化和发展，进而思考其中的道理或原因，做生活的有心人。这是高考作文的一个新方向。具体到“文化与传统”这个话题，首先要明确概念，文化是传统的载体，传统是文化的渊源；文化是民族个性的张扬，传统是民族历史共性的体现；从某种意义上说，民族传统是维系一个民族的灵魂，而民族文化越是民族的就越是世界的。从这样的理性层面来思考问题，来审视材料中所谈的发展变化，才能高屋建瓴，洞明其深层意味；连缀现实语料，落笔成文，才能写出见解独到、思想深刻的文章。其中，切实地提高传统文化素养是根本。作文题三十五 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。法国雕塑家罗丹说：总之，美是到处都有的；对于我们的眼睛，不是缺少美，而是缺少发现。读了这段话，你有什么想法呢？请以“美的发现”为话题写一篇文章。可以记见闻、经历，谈体验、感受，发表议论，抒发感情等。自选角度，自定立意，自拟题目，自选文体，不少于800字。写作提示这个题目写起来不难，写好却不容易。可以说理，什么是美，为什么缺少发现，怎样发现美；可以记叙，在司空见惯的生活琐事中感悟美的震撼，在世俗眼光以为丑的事物中发掘美的元素；可以叙述、议论、抒情多种表达方式相结合，历数古今中外被忽视、被误解的美。落笔之前，宜从自我生活经验联想开去，由此及彼，由表及里。应注意的是，如果不加细究，泛泛谈美，则极易跑题；只有抓住“发现”一词做文章，才能重点突出，切题深刻。作文题三十六 请以“交往”为题，写一篇文章。要求：“交往”有相互往来的意思，可以指同学之间、亲友之间，或者陌生人之间等。本题若只从其中一个方面写，也可以。除诗歌外，文体不限。不少于800字。写作提示要提高自我生存质量，实现自我价值，就必须学会与人相处，因为人是自我修养与社会规范的统一。古人以“敬业乐群”作为学校教育的标准之一，以“有朋自远方来”为可欣慰自豪之事，足见“交往”之于人生多么重要。同学交往需要坦诚相待；亲友交往需要关怀备至；陌生人交往需要诚信，但也不能全无戒备之心。交往之道，虽说有共同的社会规范，但也因人、因事、因时而异，所以，作者尽可以根据自己的人生经历或体会来扣题为文，只有真实的表达才有至善至美之文。作文题三十七 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。有位书法家对一位用废报纸练字的人说：“如果你用最好的纸来写，你可能会写得更好。”那人很奇怪地问原因，书法家笑而不答，只写了一个“逼”字，那人顿悟，这是让他惜纸逼自己写好字。还有这样一则谚语：“如果你想翻墙，请先把帽子扔过去。”因为你的帽子在那边，你已经别无选择，要想方设法地翻过去。正是有了逼迫，才会尽力发挥自己的潜能。在很多人的眼里，“逼”字不是一个好字眼，但不少人的成功却是实实在在被“逼”出来的。请以“逼你成功”为话题，写一篇文章。立意自定，文体不限，题目自拟，不少于800字。写作提示“逼你成功”的例子俯拾即是：“盖文王拘而演周易；仲尼厄而作春秋；屈原放逐，乃赋离骚；左丘失明，厥有国语；孙子膑脚，兵法修列；不韦迁蜀，世传吕览；韩非囚秦，说难孤愤；诗三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。”所有这些，都是典型的事例。再综观当代文坛，哪个成功的作家没有被逼过？他被报社、出版社的人逼，也被他自己逼。读者逼主编；主编逼作家；作家逼自己，逼得想睡也不能睡，不想写也得写。问题是，多少惊人的作品就这样诞生了。从某种意义上说，逼学生的老师，何尝没有逼自己？“教学相长”不也是“教学相逼”吗？常言道：“用进废退。”当外部有压力逼你“用”的时候，你的学识、才干等将会有很大的长进。因此，你应该虔诚地感谢外力对你的“逼”。作文题三十八 阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。传说玄奘刚剃度的时候，在名满天下、高僧群集的法门寺修行。有人劝玄奘说不如到一些偏僻小寺中研读经卷，这样，自己的才华才会很快显露出来。玄奘告辞时，方丈带着他到后山给他看了两种林木：一种生活在开阔的土地上，却长得乱枝纵横，又短又扭曲，只能用来做柴薪；一种生活在郁郁葱葱的林中，每一棵却都修长、挺直、高大。玄奘看后，幡然醒悟，决定留在法门寺，后来终于成为一代高僧。请以“生存与竞争”为话题，写一篇800字左右的文章。题目自拟，立意自定，文体自选。写作提示树木稀疏的林子里，生长出的树木只能,5,.,四题目的类型,1.,主旨归纳题,1,）主题型主旨归纳题,2,）作者意图类的主旨归纳题,3,）标题类主旨归纳题,6,.,主旨归纳题答题要诀,1.,善用寻读法，找准主题句,1),读首句抓大意（,这些文章开门见山提出主题，随之用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。在说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道多采用这种格式,）,2,）读尾句抓大意（,这类文章通常先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，在表述细节后归纳要点，最后自然地得出结论，即段落的主题,）,3,）从段落中抓大意（,此类文章往往以一句或几句话来表达主题，在主题句出现后，再举例陈述细节或继续论证，即引题,主题思想,解释或继续论证,）,4,）归纳要点抓大意（,文章没有明确的主题句，考生必须根据文章的内容，进行综合分析，找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。这类文章通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实,.),7,.,2.,推理判断题,正确理解作者的观点、立场和寓意,纵观全文、看清文章机构、抓住细节、周密分析、合理推断,作选择时要使你所选答案与作者的立场保持一致。这也是一条原则,8,.,3.,词义理解的解决方法,根据定义和解释来猜测词义,根据同义、反义、同等、同位、对等关系猜测词义,据因果关系和上下文猜测词义,4.,细节题,9,.,steps,1.,每段的,topic sentence,2.,总结,main idea,style,structure,3.,浓缩,main idea,选择,tiltle,体会作者的,purpose,，,attitude,for whom,4.,解决,detail,与,whole,的关系（段落中）,准确理解所猜,new words,与,sentence,的意 思,10,.,Three years ago,five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona,thousands of miles from the Channel IsIands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers.No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new Iandscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years.To the researchers surprise,they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time.Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure,and the poor birds were back in cages,on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme.,Ever since then,the programme has enjoyed great success,mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild,confiscated(,没收,)on arrival north of the border,and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme.The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology(,心理,)of parrots,as Peter Bennett,a bird researcher,points out:”Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult.People like parrots,always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable collectables.”,11,.,Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out,biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds.Last year was an important turning point:conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust,based at Hayle in Cornwall,to support research into both wild and caged birds.,Research on parrots is vital for two reasons.First,as the Arizona programme showed,when reintroducing parrots to the wild,we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home.We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets,particularly as the Trusts campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice,but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans,.,12,.,STEPS,I.Topic sentence of each paragraph:,1.the reintroducing ended in failure,and the poor birds were back in cages.(,段中）,2.The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology(,心理,)of parrots.,（段中）,3.biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds.,（段首）,4.Research on parrots is vital for two reasons.,（段首）,13,.,II,Main idea:,几年前，人们将几只笼养的鹦鹉放归自然，但由于这些鹦鹉难以适应野外生活，又飞回了他们的笼子里。这一现象引起人们的关注，我们应该对它们的行为和心理有更多的了解。,Style:exposition,Structure:1.,由实验引出一个现象,2.,分析实验失败的原因,3.,这个试验的必要性,4.,建议人们应该怎么做,14,.,III,1.,写作目的通常有以下三种：,娱乐读者,说服读者接受某种观点,告知读者某些信息,2.FOR WHOM THIS PASSAGE IS?,15,.,IV,The relationship between each paragraph or in one paragraph:,55.What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced?,A.Its landscape is new to parrots of their kind.,B.It used to be home to parrots of their kind.,C.It is close to where they had been kept.,D.Pine trees were planted to attract birds.,对原文句子的同义重复,No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new Iandscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years.,16,.,IV,56.The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots _.,A.can find their way back home in Jersey,B.are unable to recognize their parents,C.are unable to adapt to the wild,D.can produce a new species,正确选项的,特征,就是对原文相关信息的同义重复，分别有词汇、句子或词句之间等不同层面的重复,To the researchers surprise,they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time.,17,.,IV,57.Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage?,A.The Trust shows great concern for the programme.,B.We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots,C.Many people are interested in collecting parrots.,D.Parrots intelligence may some day benefit people,正确选项的,特征,就是对原文相关信息的同义重复，分别有词汇、句子或词句之间等不同层面的重复,第,4,段,Research on parrots is,vital,IMPORTANT,for two reasons,。,First,as the Arizona programme showed,when reintroducing parrots to the wild,we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home.,18,.,IV,58.According to the passage,peple are advised_.,A.to treat wild and caged parrots equally,B to set up cmfortable homes for parrots,C.not to keep wild parrots as pets,D.not to let more parrots go to the wild,第,4,段最后一句,We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets(,主句）,particularly as the Trusts campaign,does not attempt,to discourage the practice,but rather urges,people,（,who buy parrots as pets,）,t o choose birds raised by humans,（从句）,.,理解长难句,19,.,PRACTICE,When I was seven my father gave me a Timex,my first watch.I loved it,wore it for years,and havent had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago.Why?Because I dont need one.I have a mobile phone and Im always near someone with an iPod or something like that.All these devices(,装置,)tell the time-which is why,if you look around,youll see lots of empty wrists;sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.,But while the wise have realized that they dont need them,others apparently including some distinguished men of our time are spending total fortunes on them.Brands such as Rolex,Patek Philippe and Bretling command shocking prices,up to,250,000 for a piece.,This is ridiculous.Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars.Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes.But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches.Expensive watches come with extra functions-but who needs them?How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole?So why pay that much of five years school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?,20,.,If justice were done,the Swiss watch industry should have colsed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note.Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch,with the aid of millions of pounds worth of advertising,as a message about the man wearing it.Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains;a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family;a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.,Watches are now classified as“investments”(,投资,).A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly,350,000,while 1960s Rolexes have gone from,15,000 to,30,000 plus in a year.But a watch is not an investment.Its a toy for self-satisfaction,a matter of fashion.Prices may keep going up-theyve been rising for 15 years.But when of fashion.Prices may keep going up-theyve been rising for 15 years.But when fashion moves on,the owner of that,350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Times.,21,.,I.Topic sentence of each paragraph:,Para1:I dont need a watch now because some things can tell me time.(,归纳要点抓大意,）,Para2:others apparently including some distinguished men of our time are spending total fortunes on them.,(,段首）,Pare3:,but who needs them?(,段中）,Para4:give us some examples of watch producers,.(,归纳要点抓大意,）,Para5:Watches are now classified as“investments”(,投资,).(,段首）,22,.,II,Main idea:,作为有计时功能的手表已被同样有此功能的手机。,IPOD,等代替，但是另一方面社会上有一些人却花很大一笔钱买手表。手表作为计时工具的作用正在逐渐改变,人们将它作为一种投资。,Style:exposition,Structure:,1-3,段作者觉得花大量的钱在表上很荒唐，应该没有人买表。,4,段：厂家有一定的消费群。,5,段：人们买表是为了投资。,23,.,III,3.,浓缩主题，选择标题,62,。,Which would be the best title for the passage?,A Timex or Rolex?,B My Childhood Timex,C Watches?not for Me!,D Watches-a Valuable Collection,24,.,主旨归纳题答题要诀,浓缩主题，选择标题,标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容、点明文章主题。它是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达，可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心。标题的特点是：短小精悍，多问短语；概括性强，一般要求能覆盖全文大意，表达精确，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。选择标题应注意一下几点：,1,）,.,要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否有密切的关系；,2,）再看它对文章的概括性和覆盖性如何，看题目是否过大还是过小；,3,）要避免下列三种错误：,概括不够，以偏概全过度概括 以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。,25,.,作者的态度和意图,Ridiculous;if justice were done;But when fashion moves on,the owner of that,350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Times.,作者对此事持反对的态度。,FOR WHOM?,26,.,The relationship between each paragraph or in one paragraph:,59 The sales of watches to young people have fallen because they_.,A have other devices to tell the time,B think watches too expensive,C prefer to wear an iPod,D have no sense of time,第一段的大意,All these devices(,装置,)tell the time.,对原文句子的同义重复,27,.,60.It seems ridiculous to the writer that_.,A people dive 300 metres into the sea,B expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones,C cheap cars dont run as fast as expensive ones,D expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell,第,2,段,Topic sentence,的具体解释。细节与段意之间的相互作用。（篇章结构）,But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches.Expensive watches come with extra functions-but who needs them?,28,.,61 What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?,A It targets rich people as its potential customers.,B Its hard for the industry to beat its competitors.,C It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.,D Its easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.,对第,4,段的某个细节的推理判断。是其中一个商家针对的消费人群。,Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains;a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family;a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world.,对原文中三个句子的解释。瑞士三种品牌表所针对的消费者。,29,.,D,A few years ago,paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy,cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning.”I think half of then fell off their chairs,”Gerner says.,Gerner manages school facilities(,设施,)for Clark county,Nevada,a district roughly the size of Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them.Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(,样品,);they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009.The district will then assess how we