9A-Unit-6--知识点梳理.doc

9A Unit 6 Protecting the innocent
I.主要单词：
1. protect (v.) 保护 protect…from 保护…免受=keep…from
protection (n.) 保护，防护（拓展内容）
2. the innocent: those people who have not done anything wrong （拓展内容）
the guilty: those people who have done something wrong （拓展内容）
联想: the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind （表示一类人）
eg. The young like to stay up.
innocent (adj.) 无辜的, 无罪的（拓展内容）
guilty (adj.) 犯了罪的, 有过失的（拓展内容）
3. interview (v.)& (n.) 面谈,访谈,采访
4. detective (n.) 侦探; 警探 (adj.) 侦探的
5. recent (adj.) 最近的, 近来的 in recent years 近年来
recently (adv.) 最近; 近来（用现在完成时）
6. case (n.) 案件; 箱; 盒
7. deal-dealt-dealt (v.) 分配; 分给; 给予; 经营; 对付
8. alone (adv.) 单独地 区别along (prep.) 沿着; 顺着 (adv.) 向前; 和…一起; 一同
9. collect (v.) 收集; 采集 collection (n.) 收集
10. purchase (v.) =buy
11. lock (v.)& (n.) 锁
12. safe (n.) 保险箱; 保险柜
safe (adj.) 安全的; 平安的 safely (adv.) 安全地; 平安地 safety (n.) 安全
13. steal-stole-stolen (v.) 偷
14. report (n.) 报告; 汇报; 成绩单
report (v.) 报告; 汇报 reporter (n.) 记者
15. theft (n.) 案情 thief (n.) 小偷 (pl. thieves)
16. clue (n.) 线索’ 迹象（拓展内容）
17. open (v.) 打开; 张开; 开办; 开设
open (adj.) 开着的; 开口的; 敞开的; 营业着的
18. mud (n.) 泥; 泥浆 muddy (adj.) 泥泞的（拓展内容）
19. wet (adj.) 湿的; 潮的; 多雨的 (wet-wetter-wettest)
20. spotlessly (adv.) 一尘不染地 spotless (adj.) 非常洁净的（拓展内容）
21. proof (n.) 证据; 证明 （拓展内容）
prove (v.) 证明 = turn out
22. check (v.& n.) 检查
23. true (adj.) 真的; 真实的
truth (n.) 真理; 真相
truly (adv.) 真正地; 真实地（拓展内容）
24. suspect (n.) 嫌疑犯（拓展内容）
suspect (v.) 怀疑（拓展内容）
25. insurance (n.) 保险（拓展内容）
26. free (adj.) 自由的; 免费的; 空闲的
freedom (n.) 自由
27. discover = find / find out 发现
28. wear 戴着，穿着， put on 穿上，戴上

II.重要词组：
1.want to write an article on… 想写一篇有关…的文章
2. part of the interview 采访的一部分
3. like being a detective = like working as a detective 喜欢做侦探
4. tell you about a recent case 和你谈谈最近的一起案子
5. deal with sth. 处理某事
how to deal with = what to deal with
6. live alone 独自一人居住
feel lonely 感到孤独
7. enjoy collecting things 喜欢收藏 = like collecting things
8. purchase sth. for some money=pay some money for sth. 花钱买某物= buy sth. for money（拓展内容）= spend money doing/ on sth.
9. show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 把某物给某人看
buy / get / make / draw sth. for sb. = buy / get / make / draw sb. sth.
10. lock sth. in the safe 把某物锁紧保险箱
11. report the theft 报告案情
12. look for clues 寻找线索
13. a black pearl earring 一只黑色的珍珠耳环
14. be spotlessly clean 一尘不染 a spotless carpet 一块相当干净的地毯
15. deny stealing the vase 否认偷了花瓶
16. need proof 需要证据
17. jump to conclusions 贸然下结论（拓展内容）
18. admit doing sth. 承认做了某事
19. no longer = not… any longer 不再
20. the open safe 打开着的保险箱
keep the door open / closed 保持门开着/关着
21. break into 闯入
22. in the end = at last = finally 最后;最终
23. an insurance company 一家保险公司, buy insurance for the vase 为花瓶买保险
24. be stolen 被偷了
25. try to make sure 设法确认
26. go to jail instead of him 替他去坐牢
27. be behind bars 入狱
28. protect the innocent as well as find the guilty 查出罪犯并保护无辜者
as well as = and … as well
eg. Tom as well as I is__ (be) a detective. (就远原则)
29. a robot with a broken arm 断臂的机器人
30. be called 被叫做
31. That’s why I like being a detective. 那就是我喜欢做侦探的原因。
32. protect…from 保护…免受=keep…from
33. in recent years 近年来

III.主要语法：
● 1.例句：He purchased a vase for 300,000 dollars. 他花了30万美元买了只花瓶。
purchase sth. for some money 意为“花…钱买…”，可与以下三个句型相互转换：
1） Sb. spend(s) some money on sth.
2） Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
3） Sth. cost(s) sb. some money.
故上面的例句可分别转换为以下句子：
1) He spent 300,000 dollars on a vase.
2) He paid 300,000 dollars for a vase.
3) A vase cost him 300,000 dollars.
另外，Sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth. 可转换成 It takes sb. some time to do sth.
练一练：
1) We spent several hours discussing the plan.
It took us several hours _______ ______ the plan.
2) I only paid 1.500 yuan for such a big TV set.
Such a big TV set only ______ ______ 1,500 yuan.
I only ______ such a big TV set ______ 1,500 yuan.
I only ______ 1,500 yuan ______ such a big TV set.

● 2.例句：
1) Pansy wanted to write an article on detectives for the school newspaper.(动词不定式作宾语)
2) To get information, she interviewed Detective Ken. （动词不定式作状语）
3) Let me tell you about a recent case. （不带to的动词不定式）
4) I decided what to do next. （动词不定式与疑问词连用，做宾语）
5) My job is to protect the innocent as well as find the guilty. （动词不定式作表语）
6）He told me to go there. （动词不定式做宾语补足语）
7) He has something to do. （动词不定式做定语）
8）It’s important for us to learn English well. （动词不定式做主语）

动词不定式及其用法
一、不定式的构成：
肯定式： to do 否定式：not to do
二、不定式的用法：
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
(一)不定式结构作表语
常用于以下结构：
My wish/ job/ aim/ goal / ambition is to …及The next step is …等。例如：
Your job is to type the papers in the office.
Her ambition is to be a writer.
My wish is to have a house of my own.

(二) 不定式结构作宾语
★ agree, need, begin, start, decide，expect, hope, wish, fail, happen, help, learn, like, love, offer, plan, promise, want, forget, remember, stop, would like, manage 等动词后接动词不定式作宾语。例如：
They decided to build a highway between these two cities.
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.
Don’t forget to send the letter.
★ 有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动名词，但意义不同，如：forget, remember, stop等。
特殊疑问词+不定式，做宾语
eg.I can’t decide what to do.
I want to know how to do it.
I don’t know where to go.

(三)不定式结构作宾语补足语
★ allow，ask, invite, tell, want 等动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
ask / tell / allow / invite / want sb. to do sth.
★ let, make, have, hear, see, watch, notice 等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 。
let/make/have sb. (not) do sth.
see/hear/watch/notice sb. (not) do sth.
help sb. (to) do sth. had better (not) do
例如：Mother told me to boil the water before I drank it.
The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor bird dance twice a day.
Internet bars mustn’t let people under 18 in or let anybody watch bad things.
It’s time for sports. Let’s go bowling, shall we?
We’d better turn off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute.

(四) 不定式结构作状语
I. 表示目的状语
We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）
in order to / so as to in order not to / so as not to
练一练：1.He gets up early every day so that he can get to school on time.
He gets up early every day ______ ______ to get to school on time.
2.We fight pollution so that we can keep the environment clean.
We fight pollution ______ ______ to keep the environment clean.
II. 表示结果状语
so …that 结果状语从句常用adj. + enough to do和 too + adj. + for sb. + to do改写为简单句
例如：Tom was so tired that he couldn’t do his homework last week.(改为简单句)
Tom was too tired to do his homework last week.
练一练：1.He is so short that he can’t reach the cup on the table．(改为简单句)
He is ______ short ______ ______the cup on the table．
2.John studies so efficiently that he can get good marks. (改为简单句)
John studies ______ ______ to get good marks.

(五) 不定式结构作主语
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：
1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.
用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：
Is it possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, friendly, foolish, clever等。

(六) 不定式结构作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即作后置定语。例如：
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)
★由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?
练一练：( )1. The Wright brothers were the first ________ a machine ________.
A. to make, to fly B. make, fly C. to make, fly D. make, to fly
( )2.If the launch (发射) in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country ______ its astronauts into space after Russia and the US.
A. send B. sends C. sending D. to send
( )3.I have a lot of things ______ this weekend.
A. do B. did C. doing D. to do

(七) 省略“to”的动词不定式
下列情况不定式结构省to:　
1. 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。
2. 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。
3. help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to。
4. “Will /Would you please …？”结构中，不定式省略to。
5. “had better（not）…”结构中，不定式省略to。

(八) 疑问词＋动词不定式
　　疑问词what，which，how，where，when等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。常用于改写宾语从句为简单句.
例如：I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.
练一练：( )1. Could you tell me __________ ?
A. where could I buy the tickets B. where I to buy the tickets
C. where to buy the tickets D. where the tickets to buy
( )2. If you read the book carefully, you will know __________use a computer.
A. how B. how to C. to D. how you
( )3. Good waiters know how __________ customers.
A. serve B. serve for C. to serve D. to serve for

巩固练习(1):
I. Choose the best answer:
( )1.You’d better ________ her, it would only worry her.
A. not tell B. tell C. to tell D. not to tell
( )2.The librarian’s job is ________ the books in the library.
A. takes care of B. take care of C. to take care of D. taking care of
( )3.Her parent’s won’t let her ________ out with her boyfriend.
A. goes B. to go C. going D. go
( )4.I asked her ________ with us.
A. when to go B. when he will go C. if he will go D. that he would go
( )5.My mother often tells me ________ in the sun
A. not to read B. don’t read C. doesn’t read D. not read
( )6.He had decided ________ it again.
A. written B. writing C. to write D. write
( )7. We plan ________ to Hong Kong next week
A. going B. to go C. will go D. went
II. Rewrite the following sentences as required:
1.Tom’s mother usually spends two hours in cleaning his room. (保持原意)
It usually ________ Tom’s mother two hours ________ ________ his room.
2. I really don’t know what I should do. (简单句)
I really don’t know _________ ________ say.
3. He is so strong that he can carry this heavy box. (保持原意)
He is strong __________ __________ carry this heavy box.
4. Is there anything you want to say for yourself ? (保持原意)
Do you have __________ __________ say for yourself ?
5..Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? (简单句)
Can you tell me _______ _______get to the post office?
6. This computer is too big to fit into my pocket. (保持原意)
This computer is not __________ __________ to fit into my pocket.
7. I hope that I can see him soon．(简单句)
I hope _______ _______ him soon．
8 The boy is so clever that he can work out the problem soon. (保持原意)
The boy is clever _________ ________work out the problem soon.

巩固练习(2):
I. Choose the best answer:
( ) 1. Before entering the History Museum, our teacher told us _____ the public rules.
A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed
( ) 2. The woman feels that she should let her son _____ his own decision this time.
A. makes B. make C. to make D. making
( ) 3. Are you sure you can make the baby _____?
A. stopping crying B. stops to cry C. stop crying D. to stop cry
( ) 4. My wish is _____ an engineer in the future.
A. will be B. to be C. will become D. become
( ) 5. My parents wanted me ______ good marks.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. have got
( ) 6. You’d better _____ too much meat. You are already over weight.
A. not to eat B. not eat C. to eat D. eat
( ) 7. Yesterday morning I got up early _____ be late for the exam.
A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to
( ) 8. He was the first person _____ school yesterday.
A. leave B. leaves C. leaving D. to leave
( ) 9. My class teacher will have a meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.
A. attend B. to attend C. attended D. attending
( ) 10. Jim and John are often told ____ too much time playing video games.
A. not to spend B. not spend C. don’t spend D. not spending
( ) 11. Let Jack and Tom _____ good friends. They can help each other in their studies.
A. is B. are C. be D. will be
( ) 12. Today it is easy _____ online and millions of people use the Internet every day.
A. get B. to get C. gets D. getting
( ) 13. The woman made her husband _____ outside the gate yesterday afternoon.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waited
( ) 14. Would you please give us something _____? We are thirsty.
A. to drink B. for drinking C. drinks D. drink

II. Rewrite the following sentences as required:
1. To meet an old friend is always exciting. (保持原意)
________ is always exciting ________ meet an old friend.
2. She hopes to work for her motherland some day. (保持原意)
________ hope is ________ work for her motherland some day.
3. Nobody knows when we will start tomorrow. （改为简单句）
Nobody knows ________ ________ start tomorrow.
4. We are so lucky that we can hold the 2010 Shanghai Expo. (保持原意)
We are ________ ________ to hold the 2010 Shanghai Expo.
5. We plant trees every year. It is important. (保持原意)
It is important for us ________ ________ trees every year.
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