八年级下册英语unit3一对一讲义.doc

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Part one : review

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

Section A

重点短语
出去吃饭
在外面待到很晚
去看电影
搭车
从事
. 完成做某事
干净整洁
洗餐具
倒垃圾
叠衣服
扫地
整理床铺
打扫客厅
没问题
欢迎某人
放学/下班回家
扔下
坐下
过来

重点短语
go out for dinner 出去吃饭
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
work on 从事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
clean and tidy 干净整洁
do the dishes 洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
no problem 没问题
welcome sb. 欢迎某人
come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
throw down 扔下
sit down 坐下
come over 过来
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
all the time 一直;总是
all day/evening 整曰/夜
do housework 做家务
shout back 大声回应
walk away 走开
.share the housework 分担家务
a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
in surprise 惊讶地
get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
watch one show 观看一个节目
hang out 闲逛
pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
do chores 做杂务
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事
bring a tent带顶帐篷来
buy some snacks买些小吃
go to the store去商店
invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
enough stress足够的压力
waste of time浪费时间
in order to为了
get good grades取得好成绩
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
depend on依赖;依靠
develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
look after/take care of 照顾；照看
do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
二、重点句型
1. Could you please…..do sth. ?
Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ?
Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth.
I hate to do chores.
知识点讲解
1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？
【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？
用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否定回答： Sorry , I can’t
【2013 湖北黄冈3】40.—Could I borrow your camera?
— ___________，but please give it back by Saturday.
A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks
【解析2】take out 取出（v+ adv）
【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；
跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
（ ）His teeth hurt badly. The dentist ______.
A .take out it B. take out them C. take it out D .take them out
【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞
The gift is in the box. You can take it out.
①Could you please ___________(把垃圾倒了) ？
(
【2013黑龙江大庆】6. You had better hurry or we’ll be late for the plane. The
plane will _______ in a few minutes.
A. take up B. take down C. take off D. take away
2. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？
do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
①His mother ______________(洗碟子) in a restaurant.
( ) ② He helps his mother ______ after every meal.
A. does the dishes B. do the dish C. do the dishes D. does the dish
3. Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？
用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。
Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
【解析2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。
(反) at most 至少，不超过
【2012江苏南通4】Now all of us exercise at ___ least ____ hour a day and
outside school.
A. the; a B.a; an C.不填；a D.不填；an
【解析3】finish v 结束；完成
finish doing sth 做完某事
【2013四川雅安4】8. — Can you finish ____ these books before 10 o'clock?
— Yes, I can.
A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading
4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
【解析1】two hours of TV
表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓
语动词用单数形式。
How time is flies! Three years _______(be) really a short time.
作形容词

足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
【解析2】enough I don’t have enough money with me.
作 副词

足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）
The river is deep enough for swimming.
【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.
【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。
( ) ①In the old days ,people’s didn’t have _____ to eat.
A. food enough B. enough food C.enough for
5. Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?
你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？
【解析】take out 拿出；取出
take 的用法：
拿；取
Please take some books to the classroom.

吃；喝；服用

Take this medicine three times a day.
乘（车；船等）
take
They usually take the bus to work.
花费（时间；金钱）

It takes me two hours to do my homework
every day.

【拓展】take 构成的短语：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞
take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来
take one’s temperature 量体温
6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......”
Please write to me the minute you get there.
【解析2】 in front of
in front of
指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.
【辨析】
in the front of
指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom
【记】 The driver sat ________________ the car.
The policeman stood ___________ the car.
( ) At last the taxi stopped ______ a tall building ,and we all got off.
A. in front B. in the front C. in front of D. in the front of
【2013达州】8. —Do you know the girl __________ is standing __________ the tree?
— Yes, she is my friend, Zhang Ying.
A. that, in the front of B. whom , under C. who, in front of D. which, behind
【广西柳州】 A dog is sitting in front ____ the house.
A. on B. of C. to
【注意】有the无the区别大：
at table 吃饭；进餐

at the tabel 在桌边
in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

【解析3】come over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语：
come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
【2013浙江丽水】25. The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will ______ at the end of this month.
A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out
7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!
你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！
【解析】all the time = always 一直；总是
( ) Man’s understanding of nature is developing ____ . It never stays at the same level .
A. at the right time B. for the first time
C. from time to time D. all the time
【拓展】与time相关的短语：
on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time同时
form time to time偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时
time and time again 一再；经常 last time上次 next time 下次
（ ）We all know that the earth moves around the sun _____.
A. on time B. at times C. all the time D. in time
【湖北岳阳】I knew it was impossible for me __________(按时上班) when I missed the last bus.
【山东东营】Tom didn’t go to school _____ this morning because he overslept.
A. at once B. on time C. by accident D. at present
8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！
【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......
【2013江西1】26. There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______twenty.
A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as
【2013安徽1】33. It’s said that the power plant is now____ large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice
C. twice much D. much twice
【注】比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象
【2013福建2】23. The famous musician, as well as his students, _______ to
perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited
C. have been invited D. has been invited
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as之前的musician， 故谓语使用单数
【2013临沂1】21. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should go to an open area as _____ as possible.
A. quickly B. quietly C. loudly D. slowly
【2013玉林1】56. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings ______the famous singer, CoCo.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as
9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.
一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,
连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定
Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
【2013潍坊】3. I have two sisters, but ________of them is a teacher.
A. all B. neither C. both D. none
【2013鞍山】5. —The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _______.
—That's so cool!
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
( ) —The first one wasn’t bad.
— __________ .
A. So wasn’t the second B. So the second was
C. Neither wasn’t the second D. Neither was the second

【2013黄石中考1】I can’t play the piano ,and _____.
A. neither can my sister B. my sister can’t , too
C. so can’t my sister D. can my sister, either
10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and
tidy.
第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
( ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself.
A. that B. it’s C. it D. this
11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。
【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的
→surprised adj. 吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
in surprise 吃惊地
be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
( ) ③ ___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.
A. At B. To C. In D. On
【2011昭通】 I was very surprised when the alien went into a souvenir shop.
A. excited B. amazing C. relaxing D. amazed
12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.
“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
【解析1】need v 需要
用于肯定句，是实义动词。
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done
①Students need __________(have) a good rest in studying.
②The watch needs___________(mend).
用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词
(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now?
— Yes，you must/No, you needn’t
【2013无锡中考4】 Don’t throw away the waste paper, It needs __ so that it can
be reused.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting
【解析2】share 分享；共用
share sth 分享或共用某物
share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物
( ) All his friends _____ his happiness when he won the match.
A. Shared B. Shared from C. Shared with
13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?
看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？
【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过
pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人
Pass on 传递
Please pass the paper on to the other students.
⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.
⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.
【2013广东中考】If Nancy __ the exam , she will go to Australia for English
study.
A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass
15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、
Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物
You can borrow the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）
【指借一段时间】
【宁夏中考1】 You may ___ the book for two weeks.
A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy
16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。
try v 试图，设法，努力
【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿
(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
①We should __________________(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future.
( ) ② We should try ___ much fruit.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats
【2013广东中考2】— I didn’t hear you come in just now.
— That’s good. We tried ____ any noise, for you were sleeping.
A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making
17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。
【解析】hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。
I hate to trouble him.
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
She hates smoking in her room.
18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?
那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？
【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求，要某物
ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助
(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事
ask构成的短语：
短语
含义
ask sb. to do sth
请某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth
不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth
向某人要某物
ask for help
寻求帮助
( ) ① If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teacher or your classmates ___ help.
A. for B. of C. in D. on
【山东德州】When you have difficulty, do remember to ___ . Two heads are better than one.
A. make a decision B. give up C. ask for help D. give 19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.