英语动名词精讲市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动 名 词,第1页,第1页,一、动名词形式,积极形式,被动形式,普通式,doing,being done,完毕式,having done,having been done,第2页,第2页,二,.,动名词功效及使用办法,第3页,第3页,1动名词（短语）做主语,，如：,Writing the book has taken up all his spare time.,Seeing is believing.,注：动名词（短语）做主语还惯用于下列结构：,a.,Its no use sending him over.Its too late already.,Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.,Its a waste of time arguing about it.,b.Theres no joking about such matters.,Theres no saying what hell be doing next.,Theres no telling what hes going to do.,第4页,第4页,注：,动名词作主语,与,不定式作主语,区别：,动名词作主语通常表示抽象或泛指动作，普通不与特定动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示详细动作或行为，往往与特定动作执行者联系在一起，如：,Its no use crying over spilt milk.(,抽象),He realized that to go on like this was no use.(,详细),第5页,第5页,在实际利用中，普通能够互换，差别不大。,但在下列几种情况中不能互换：,a.,当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,第6页,第6页,b.,动名词和不定式作主语，普通都能够使用形式主语,it,，,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，普通宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：,Its no use doing,Its no good doing,Its a waste of time doing,比如：,Its no use going there today;he wont be at home.,Its a waste of time arguing about it.,Its no good waiting here.Lets walk home.,第7页,第7页,而在,Its important /Its necessary /Its advisable /Its essential /Its fitting,这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：,Its important to learn foreign languages.,Its quite necessary to read it many times.,第8页,第8页,2动名词（短语）作表语，如：,Their job is building houses.,注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语区别：,动名词作表语时表示比较抽象普通行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示详细某一次动作，尤其是未来动作，试比较：,My favourite sport is swimming.,The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.,第9页,第9页,注：,动名词作表语,与,现在分词作表语,区别：,动名词作表语时相称于名词，阐明主语含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。,现在分词作表语时相称于形容词，阐明主语特性、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用,very,quite,等副词来修饰，如：,第10页,第10页,My job is looking after the children.,Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.,The situation is encouraging.,This cake is very inviting.,The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,第11页,第11页,3动名词（短语）用作宾语情况诸多,，如：,Hearing the words,she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.,We all avoided mentioning that matter.,能用动名词作宾语动词有两类：,一类是只能用动名词作宾语动词，其中有：,avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,give up,cant help,imagine,keep(on),dont mind,miss,practise,put off,stop,go on,resist,suggest,等，如：,第12页,第12页,另一类是既能够用动名词，又能够用不定式作宾语动词，其中有：,begin,cannot bear,continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,cant afford,等。,Mary is considering changing her job.,I enjoy working with you.,Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?,第13页,第13页,上述动词尽管能够带两种结构作宾语，但使用办法不尽相同，需要注意下列几种情况：,A.,在,begin,start,cease,continue,cannot bear,hate,like,love,prefer,propose,等动词后，两种结构意义无大出入，如：,She cant bear being laughed at/to be laughed at.,但是在下列情况下，通惯用,不定式,：,a.,在,would like/love/prefer/hate,后表示一个特定新动作时：,Id like to buy a suit.,Id hate to disappoint them.,第14页,第14页,b.,当谓语动词已用进行时态时：,The water is beginning/starting to boil.,Im starting to work on my essay next week.,c.,在,begin,等后，非限定动词由一些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）：,She began to believe his story.,He began to realize that he was wrong.,d.,当主语是物，不是人时：,The water started/began to boil.,The ice started/began to melt.,第15页,第15页,B.在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式被动式，意义上无差异。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语普通是物），如：,The door needs oiling/to be oiled.,C.有动词尽管能够用两种结构，但意义显著不同，须认真加以区分：,I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.,He tried to write better.(尽也许努力地写),He tried writing with a brush.(用毛笔试着写),第16页,第16页,I couldnt help finishing it.(,不能不结束某事),I couldnt help to finish it.(,不能帮助结束某事),They left off fishing.(,停止钓鱼),They left off to fish.(,离开某处出发去钓鱼),I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle.(,对现在要发生事表示遗憾、抱歉),I regret not taking your advice.(,后悔),第17页,第17页,动名词（短语）还经常跟在短语动词之后，作介词宾语。常见有：,insist on/think of/dream of/object to/hear of/prevent from/keep from/stop from/feel like/be engaged in/look forward to/depend on/thank for/excuse for/devote to/set about/spend in/get(be)used to /be fond of/be afraid of/be tired of/succeed in/be interested in/be proud of/burst out/give up,等，,第18页,第18页,4动名词（短语）能够和,about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides,from,in,on,upon,without,等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，,如：,They broke in loud cheers,on hearing the news,.,He warned me,against swimming there,.,She left,without saying good-bye to us,.,Besides cooking and sewing,she had to take care of the children.,第19页,第19页,5,动名词（短语）能够和介词构成短语作定语，,如：,He hasnt much experience,in running factories,.,Whats their reason,for cancelling the English evening,?,Have you any objection,to going there on foot,?,He has little hope,of passing his examinations,.,They dont approve of his way,of looking at things,.,第20页,第20页,6,动名词还能够作定语，,如：,singing competition swimming pool,dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room,writing desk washing machine,frying-pan sleeping-pill,walking stick teaching method,注：,动名词作定语表示被修饰名词用途，它和名词之间没有逻辑上主谓关系；而,现在分词,作定语，表示被修饰名词本身动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上主谓关系。,第21页,第21页,三、动名词复合结构,动名词复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词动名词结构。,有时为了明确动名词所表示动作执行者，能够在动名词之前加上一个,物主代词,或,名词所有格,，来表示动名词逻辑上主语。有时也能够用,人称代词宾格,或,名词普通格,，但是，这主要用于口语中。如：,She wont hear of,us leaving the village,.,Do you object to,Li Pings joining the physics group,?,第22页,第22页,注：假如不是在句子开头，这个结构惯用名词普通格或人称代词宾格，如：,I dont like the idea of us/our not helping at all.,I dont mind Jane buying another one.,注：假如动名词逻辑主语是表示无生命东西名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：,Is there any hope of,your team,winning the match?,The boy was alarmed by,someone,knocking at the door.,第23页,第23页,动名词复合结构有下列使用办法：,作主语：,Their coming to help,was a great encouragement to us.,Nothing is worse than,our bowing before difficulties,.,Lao Lis,(not:Li),going,wont be of much help.,作表语：,Our sole worry is,your relying too much on yourself,.,第24页,第24页,作宾语：,Do you mind,my reading your paper,?,Please excuse,my interrupting you,.,作介词宾语：,They insisted on,my staying there for supper,.,Do you think there will be any chance of,my seeing him again,?,第25页,第25页,四、动名词完毕形式与被动形式,动名词普通形式通常表示普通性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或未来发生动作）或是与谓语所表示动作同时发生动作，如：,They are all interested in climbing mountains.,He took a great delight in helping others.,假如要表示动名词代表动作在谓语所表示动作之前发生，通惯用动名词完毕形式，,如：,He didnt mention having met me.,I regret not having taken her advice.,I dont remember having ever promised you that.,第26页,第26页,注：,在一些动词之后（或在成语中）惯用（或能够用）动名词普通形式表示在谓语动作之前发生动作，如：,Excuse me for coming late.,I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.,第27页,第27页,当一个动名词逻辑上主语所表示是这动作承受者时，这个动名词普通要用被动形式，,如：,This question is far from,being settled,.,He did it without,being asked,.,They insisted on,their being treated as ordinary workers,.,He didnt mind,being left at home,.,They couldnt stand,being treated like that,.,注：,假如表示动作在谓语表示动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词完毕被动形式，如：,I dont remember,having ever been given a chance to try this method.,第28页,第28页,现在分词使用办法检测题,1.European football is played in,80 countries,_ it the most,popular sport in the world.,A.making B.makes,C.made D.to make,第29页,第29页,2.She asked me to help her,_ that she couldnt move,the heavy suitcase alone.,A.only to realize,B.realizing,C.having been realized,D.realized,第30页,第30页,3.The salesman scolded the,girl caught _and let her off.,A.to have stolen,B.to be stealing,C.to steal,D.stealing,第31页,第31页,4.There was a terrible noise _,the sudden burst of light.,A.followed,B.following,C.to be followed,D.being followed,第32页,第32页,5.Do you know the boy _,under the big tree?,A.lay B.lain,C.laying D.lying,第33页,第33页,6.“Cant you read?”Mary said,_ to the notice.,A.angrily pointing,B.and point angrily,C.angrily pointed,D.and angrily pointing,第34页,第34页,7.The visiting Minister expressed,his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay,here.,A.having added B.to add,C.adding D.added,第35页,第35页,8._ a reply,he decided to write,again.,A.Not receiving,B.Receiving not,C.Not having received,D.Having not received,第36页,第36页,9.When he was a boy,he used,to go there and watch _.,A.to repair bicycles,B.bicycles to be repaired,C.bicycles being repaired,D.repairing bicycles,第37页,第37页,10._,his face turned pale.,A.Hearing the news,B.When hearing the news,C.Having heard the news,D.After he heard the news,第38页,第38页,11.Not until Jane got off the,bus did she find her wallet,_.,A.missing B.missed,C.losing D.miss,第39页,第39页,12.When I got back home,I saw a message pinned to the,door_“Sorry to miss you;Will,call later.”,A.read B.reads,C.to read D.reading,第40页,第40页,动名词使用办法检测题,1.I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.,A.you to call B.you call,C.your calling,D.youre calling,第41页,第41页,2.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,A.sail B.to sail C.sailing,D.to have sailed,第42页,第42页,3._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.,A.The walk B.Walking,C.To walk D.Walk,第43页,第43页,4._You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.,_Well,now I regret _ that.,A.to do B.to be doing,C.to have done,D.having done,第44页,第44页,5.Only one of these books is_.,A.worth to read,B.worth being read,C.worth of reading,D.worth reading,第45页,第45页,6.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.,catching B.to be caught,C.being caught D.to catch,第46页,第46页,7.The boy is looking forward _ a gift.,A.to be given,B.to being given,C.being given,D.to give,第47页,第47页,8.Has the driver been used to _in all kinds of weather?,A.drive B.drove,C.driving D.be driving,第48页,第48页,9.Do you feel like _ or shall we go by bus?,A.to walk B.walk C.walking D.to walking,第49页,第49页,10.Its no use _ me believe you.,A.trying making B.trying to make,C.trying to force,D.to try to make,第50页,第50页,11.Our teacher suggested _ the exhibition once again.,A.us to visit B.our visiting,C.to visit D.our to visit,第51页,第51页,12.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.,A.his not allowing,B.his not being allowed,C.his being not allowed D.having not been allowed,第52页,第52页,13.As soon as he arrived home,he got down to _.,A.developing his films.,B.develop his films.,C.to develop his films.,D.developed his films.,第53页,第53页,See you!,第54页,第54页,