初一初二英语时态讲解与练习.doc

初一、初二英语时态讲解与练习
句子的时态是通过动词的变化来表现的，通过观察一个动词的不同形式可以看出句子的时态，表明发生的时间。有些时态可以通过时间状语来确定，有些则根据常识来确定。
一、一般现在时
1. 表示方法：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时，动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。
动词的三单变化：一般在动词后加-s; 以s, x, o, sh, ch 结尾的加es; 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，变y为i,再加es; 以f, fe结尾的变f, fe为v, 再加es。
2. 哪些情况下用一般现在时
1） 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, always, seldom, every…，sometimes, every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday 等时间状语。例如：
a. He goes to school every day. 他每天去上学。
b. He is very happy. 他很开心。
c. The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。（特性）
2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。
b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下。
3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：
a. The meeting begins at seven. 会议七点开始。
b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 上午九点开始下雨。
4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。
a. I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
b. The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。
总的说：表示习惯、爱好、频率（经常、总是、偶尔）、规律、事实动词用一般现在时。
3. 动词的一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句
1）be动词的一般现在时 am, is, are
否定句：在am, is, are加not 一般疑问句：把am, is, are提到句首
I am a teacher. I’m not a teacher. Are you a teacher?
She is a beautiful girl. She isn’t a beautiful. Is she a beautiful girl?
They are careful students. They aren’t careful students. Are they careful students?
2）实意动词的一般现在时
肯定句：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时，动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。
否定句：三单在动词原形前加doesn’t, 其余人称加don’t
疑问句：一般在句首加Do, 三单在句首加Does后动词还原。
I like English. I don’t like English. Do you like English?
My mother teaches English. My mother doesn’t teach English
Does your mother teach English?
二、 一般过去时的用法?
1. 表示方法：用动词的过去式表示
动词的过去式的表示方法：
be动词的过去式：was, were
实意动词的过去式：一般在动词后加-ed; 以e结尾的加-d, 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed, 以重读闭音节结尾的双写末尾的辅音字母加ed.
特殊的动词的过去式如take-took等要记忆。
2. 哪些情况下用一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once等。例如：?
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：?
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.?
我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。?
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.?
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。?
3）在时间状语从句中，由when引导从句的瞬间性动词用一般过去时，主句常用过去进行时。
I was watching TV when the rainstorm suddenly came.( 瞬间性动词)
Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. ( 瞬间性动词)
4）注意：情态动词用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。?例如：?could, would
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？?
重点学习一下，used to / be used to?
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：?
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。?
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。?
be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：?
He is used to a vegetarian diet.?
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。?
典型例题?
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.?
?
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't?
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
3. 一般过去时的否定句和疑问句
was, were的否定句直接在后面加not, 疑问句把was, were提前。
实意动词的否定句在动词原形的前面加didn’t, 疑问句在句首加Did后动词还原。
She was a teacher three years ago.
She was not a teacher three years ago.
Was she a teacher three years ago?
I watched TV yesterday evening.
I didn’t watch TV yesterday evening.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?
三、一般将来时的用法
1.一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”；表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事，或某种迹象表明将要发生某事，其表达形式 “ be going to+ 动词原形 ”。 常用的时间状语tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening)；next year/month/week
a. Look at the clouds in the sky! It is going to rain. 要下雨了。(迹象)
b. We are going to have a meeting today. 我们今天要开个会。（打算）
C. We will have a meeting next Sunday.(将来)
2. 在When, as soon as, if 等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，时态是主将从现。例如：
a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。
b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下。
C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
四、现在进行时
1.表示方法：am/is/are（助动词） +v-ing(现在分词)
否定句： am/is/are +not+v-ing
疑问句：把am/is/are提到句首
2. 现在分词的构成
一般在动词后加-ing 如：work -- working， sleep -- sleeping ，study --studying;
以e结尾的去e加ing take --taking ，make --making， dance --dancing;
重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing cut ----- cutting put ----- putting begin ------ beginning
以-ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加-ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying
3.现在进行时的用法
1）现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语now,其它词如：look, listen等。
She is watering the flowers.
Are they working now?
They are listening to the teacher.
2) always用在现在进行时中，表示表扬、批评、抱怨、责备等口吻。
They are always comparing them with other children.
He is always helping others when they are in trouble.
3) 有些动词即趋向性动词用现在进行时表示将来。这些动词是：come, go, leave, plan, 等。
I am leaving tomorrow.
I am going to Singapore next week.
五、过去进行时
1. 表示方法：was/were（助动词）+v-ing
否定句：was/were+not+v-ing
疑问句：把was/were提到句首
1. 过去某一时刻或某一段正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语his time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday，at that time，when he came back等。
.We were reading in class this time yesterday
2. 用于when, while引导的时间状语从句中
.I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.
Aron’s arm was caught under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.( 延续性动词)
While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.
Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
六、现在完成时
1.现在完成时的表示方法：have/has（助动词）+动词的过去分词
否定句：have/has（助动词）+not+ 动词的过去分词
疑问句：把have/has提到句首。
2. 动词的过去分词的构成方法
一般的和动词的过去式的变化是一样的，特殊的需要记忆。
1.过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的副词或时间状语already，?just，?before?，never，ever, for three years，since 1990，these days
2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态
I've already posted the letter.
We have known each other for ten years.
They lived here since 1997.
Have you ever been to Beijing?
2. have been to 与have gone to的区别
have been to 表示去了某地已经回来了，have gone to表示去了某地还没有回来
I’m very tired because I have just been to London.
--Where is Miss Smith?
--She has gone to the library.
练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空：
1．He__________swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)
2. It________you are right. ( seem )
3. Look, the children _________ basketball on the playground. ( play )
4 .He_______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )
5 .It is very cold .I think it __________. ( rain )
6. —I need some paper .
—I __________some for you . ( bring )
7. I can’t find my pen . Who ________it? ( take )
8. I__________my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )
9.He_______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )
10.I__________with you if I have time . ( go )
11.We will go to the cinema if it_______tomorrow . (rain )
12.I will tell her the news when she_______to see me next week. (come)
14.I will tell her the news when she_______to see me next week. (come)
15. “ When______ you_________the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy )
16.We_____good friends since we met at school . （be）
17.What_______you_________ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)
18.The bike is nice . How much ________it_________? (cost)
二、选择最佳答案填空
（ ）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather________fine tomorrow.
A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be
（ ）2. It________five years since he has left for Beijing.
A. was B. have been C. is D. is going to be
（ ）3. Please don’t leave the office until your friend ______back.
A. came B. comes C. have come D. will come
( )4. I will tell him as soon as he _____ back
       A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
( ) 5. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
       A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
（ ）6. Listen ! Someone_________in the next room .
A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried
（ ）7.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim.
A. see B. sees C. will see D. is seeing
（ ）8.We________to the Great Wall several times.
A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been
（ ）9. As she________the newspaper, Granny___________asleep.
A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell
 ( )10. He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
       A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
 ( )11. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.
       A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
 ( ) 12. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.
       A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
 ( ) 13. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
       A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiing
       C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
  ( )14. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
       A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing
       C. play… dancing D. play… dance
  ( ) 15. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
       A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
  ( )16. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
       A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
 ( )17. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
       A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
       C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
 ( )18. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
       A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went
       C. Did… went… did D. Did… go… did
 ( )19. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?
       A. Did… went… stopped B. Did… go… stop
       C. Did… went… stop D. Did… go… stoppe
( )20. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.
      A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear
      C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
三、转换练习
1. There are some apples on the tree.( 改为否定句)
There ________ _________ ________ on the tree.
2. Lisa has a computer game. (改为一般疑问句)
________Lisa ________ a computer game?
3. Does the boy often play basketball? (作肯定和否定回答)
_________, _________ _________. _____________ ______________ _____________.
4. He wants to go to the movies.(改为否定句)
He _________ ________ to go to the movies.
5. Their schoolbags are black. (对画线部分提问)
_________ __________ are their schoolbags.
6. My holiday was good.( (对画线部分提问)
____________________________________________
7. She was very happy last month. (改为一般疑问句)
____________________________________________
8. Tom did his homework last night. (改为否定句)
Tom ________ ________his homework last night.
9. Mary often watches TV. (用last Sunday 改写句子)
_______________________________________________
10. We played basketball after school yesterday. ( (对画线部分提问)
__________________________________________________
11. Look! They are playing basketball on the playground. (改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
12. We are having English class now. (改为一般疑问句)
___________________________________________________
13. Are you learning how to use a computer. (作肯定和否定回答)
___________________________________________________
14. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.( 改为否定句、疑问句、作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. I have ever been to the Great Wall before. ( 改为否定句、疑问句、作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________