科技英语翻译(第三章第一、二节)全解只是课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,科技英语翻译(第三章第一、二节)全解,第一节 词义的选择,英语词汇容易混淆的几种情况,如何正确选择用词,英语词汇容易混淆的几种情况,一词多义,同词不同词性,名词单复数意思不同,不同的搭配词义不同,一词多义,charge在不同的句子中不同的含义,1)This general,was charged with,treason。,这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。,2)He is,in charge of,the research work,他负责这项研究工作。,3)As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived，the soldiers,charged,the enemy position brave1y,总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地中敌人的阵地冲去。,4)The seller,charged,her too much。,售货员向她收的费太高了。,charge 的其他用法,5)The powder in place，he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down the,charge,火药装好后，他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。,6)His store will,charge,things you buy，and let you pay for them later,把东西记入帐内,7)Having,charged,the battery，he set the engine in motion,给电池充电,dry在不同的上下文中的不同意思,1)I want my martini,dry,我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。,2)There are still some,dry,states in the United States,在美国尚有几州禁酒。,3)She prefers,dry,bread,她喜欢无奶油的面包。,Other examples,4)The cow are,dry,这些母牛缺奶。,5)He gave us a,dry,lecture yesterday,枯燥无味的讲演,6)I am sure what he presented was a,dry,fact,铁一般的事实,同词不同词性,go的几种特殊用法,1)Here is a pretty,go,!,这件事真难办。(difficult affairs),2)He is itching to have a,go,at it,他跃跃欲试。(try),3)The old man is still full of,go,这位老人仍然精力充沛。（energy）,4)These brightly colored stockings are all the,go,this summer,这些颜色鲜明的袜子今夏很流行。(fashion）,名词单复数的词义不同,ninety 90(单),nineties 90年代(复),time 时间(单),times 时代，次数，倍数(复),finding 发现，探索(甲),findings 研究成果，调查结果(复),fish-fishes,custom-customs,不同的搭配词义不同,soft drink 不含酒精的饮料,soft answer 委婉的回答,heavy rain 大雨,heavy traffic 文通拥挤,a broken man (在精神等力面)潦倒的人,broken money 零钱,broken English 不标准的英语,如何正确选择词义,(一)根据词性确定词义,(二)根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义,(三)注意词义的褒贬性,(一)根据词性确定词义,Right：,1)Your account of what happened is not quite,right,。,你对于发生的事情的叙述不太正确。(形容词，作“正确”解。),2)Go,right,on until you reach the church.,一直往前走，直到你到达教堂为止。(副词，作“一直”解。),3)Its my,right,of way，so that lorry must stop or slow down until Ive passed it,我有优先通行权，所以那货车必须停驶或减慢车速直到我走过去为止。(名词，作“权利”解。),4)She tried her best to,right,her husband from the charge of robbery,她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫一案申冤。,run：,5)A trial,run,is needed before the machine is put into operation.,在机器投入运行前，要先进行试车。(名词，作“操作,运转期”解),6)An intricate network of the computer system,runs,this modem petroleum factory,电子计算机系统的复杂网络管理着这个现代化的炼油厂。(动词，作经营，管理”解。),7)They are loading the,run,goods into the hold,走私物品,(二)根据上下文及逻辑关系确定词义,翻译下列句子，注意context的词义：,4)We must operate,within the context of,the Olympian spirit,按照奥林匹克精神办事,5),In this context,，Ive to call your attention to the fact；that the peaceful trend in the IndoChina Peninsula is essential to peace in the world。,就此而论,，我不得不提请大家注意这样一个事实：印度支那半岛局势的稳定对世界和平来说是至关重要的。,再看delicate这个词，它有“纤细的，精细的，病弱的,棘手的”等词义。,1)Whos going to perform this,delicate,operation？,谁准备给这位病人做精细的眼科手术？,2)She is in,delicate,health.,她身体虚弱。,翻译下列两句话：,3)He has a,delicate,ear for music。,他对音乐很有鉴赏力。,4)Thats a,delicate,diplomatic question。,那是个微妙的外交问题。,有些短语在不同的上下文中，意思不同：,2)I know you think I am talking nonsense，but,in time,you will realize that was right.,我知道你认为我在胡说八道，但你,将来,终究会理解我说的话是对的。（sooner or later）,关于逻辑判别问题，请再看一组例子。,1)We have been working all day.We must,have a break.,我们干了整整一天了，必须,休息一下,。,2)Suddenly the line went limp“I am going back”Said Smith“We must,have a break,somewhere.Wait for me。Ill be back in five minutes”.,引爆线突然耷拉下来史密斯说：“我回去看看。一定是某个地方,断了线,。等一下，我五分钟就回来。”,(三)注意词义的褒贬性,1)They,incited,him to go into further investigation。,他们,鼓励,他做进一步的调查。,2)The plotters,incited,the soldiers against their officers.,阴谋家,煽动,士兵们造军官的反。,5)The peasants and workers were,hand-in-glove,with one another in the struggle against landlords and capitalists who worked,hand-in-glove,with each other.,6)The enemy,killed,one of our comrades and we,killed,an enemy agent.,敌人,杀,了我们一个同志，我们,宰,了一个敌人特工。,8)An,aggressive,country is always ready to start a war.,一个好侵略的国家总是准备挑起战争。,9)An,aggressive,young man can go far in this firm.,富有进取心的年轻人,关于死的不同表达方法,蒋介石死了。,逝世了,长眠,过世,老了,不在了,见马克思了,上西天了,玩完了,溘然长逝,寿中正寝,驾崩,早逝,阵亡,牺牲,殉职,香消玉殒,倩女离魂,英语中关于死的委婉说法,用写实的手法来表示“死”这个概念的英语词组有：,Lose ones life,emit the last breath,Cease to exist,meet ones death,End ones days,drop dead,Be no more,用形象比喻来表示“死”这个概念的英语词组有：,pass away,go west,fall asleep,return to the earth/dust,rest in peace,become one with nature,shut the shop,answer the last call,turn up ones heels/toes,go to ones resting place,第二节：,英译汉中的增词技巧,（一）增译名词，使译文清晰明了,1）He ate and drank,for he was exhausted.,他吃点,东西,，喝点,酒,，因为他疲劳不堪了。,3）“,According to Dr.John,”he said,“the patients life is still in danger.The first aid must be rendered as soon as possible.”,“根据约翰大夫的,诊断,”他说，“这位患者的生命仍然处于危险之中，必须尽快采取急救措施。”,Translate the following sentence,13.This is a passage quoted,from Mark Twain.,这是从马克,吐温,著作,中引用的一段话。,14.He was,wrinkled,and,black,with scant gray hair.,他,满脸,皱纹，,皮肤,很黑，头发灰白稀疏。,15.After getting up,he dresses,brushes and washes.,他起床后穿,衣,、刷,牙,、洗,脸,。,（二）增译表示复数的词,1）Very acute,problems,exist among them,他们之间存在着非常尖锐的,种种,问题。,3）They drove in a black limousine,past,groves,of birch trees and endless,rows,of identical new building,他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车，经过,一丛丛,的白桦树和看不到尽头的,一排排,式样相同的新住宅。,（三）在名词前后增加动词,1）My,work,my,family,my,friends,were than enough to fill my time.,我,干,工作，,做,家务，和朋友,往来,，这些占去了我的全部时间。,2)Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion.,人们要,掌握,科学，,必须做出,巨大的努力并对之怀有无限的热爱。,3）“Nobody could count on his,restraint,of,rationality,”he said.,谁也不能指望他会,采取,克制或,讲,道理的态度。,（四）增补原文中省略的词,3）Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.,勇敢过度即成逞能，感情过度,即成,溺爱，节俭过度,即成,贪婪。,4)This victory in polemics means the victory of civilization over ignorance，of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood.,这次论战的胜利意味着文明对愚昧的胜利，科学对迷信的,胜利,，真理对谬误的,胜利,。,(五)增加形容词或副词，增加修辞效果,1)Inflation has now reached unprecedented level,通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前,严重,的地步。,3)It must have been surprising to see a little girl,working,at a high table，surrounded by maps and all kinds of instruments。,看到一个小女孩趴在堆满地图和仪器的高桌上,聚精会神地,工作时，谁都会感到惊讶。,(六)增加关联词，使译文符合思维逻辑,1)The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air being only 0.03 per cent,carbon is amassed into the compass of the plant from a large volume of air.,因为空气中二氧化碳的浓度只有万分之三，,所以,聚集在植物内部的碳是从周围极大体积的空气中得来的。,2)If X is equal to Y，X plus A equals Y plus A.,若X=Y，,则,X+A=Y+A。,3)It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom，it was the age of foolishness。it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity.,这是一个昌盛之世，,但也,是一个衰败之世；这是一个智慧的时代，,但也,是一个愚蠢的时代；这是一个充满信仰的新纪元，,但也,是一个充满怀疑的新纪元。,(七)增加概括词使译文更清晰,2）Then a little over decade ago,professor Hoyle,Bondi,and Gold，working at Cambridge，proposed an entirely different scheme,然而十多年前，剑桥大学的霍伊尔、邦迪和哥尔德,三位,教授却提出了完全不同的学说。,3)The bond between mathematics and the life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties,such as biometrics,psychometrics，and economics.,生物统计学、心理测验学、计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了数学和生命科学之间的联系。,(八)成语翻译中的增译法,angle for fame,in deep water,blow ones trumpet,two-faced tactics,have a well-oiled tongue,沽名钓誉,水深火热,自吹自擂,两面三刀,油嘴滑舌,(九)增加带解释性的词,2）I am in charge of the depot，only I.People will hold me responsible but not you,只有我一个人负责管理这个仓库，,出了事情,别人找我，找不到你。,3)In April,there was the“ping”heard around the world.In July,the ping“ponged”.,四月里，全世界听到“乒”的一声，到了七月，这“乓”的一声却乓了一下。,四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声,把球打了出去，,到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。,此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢,