资源描述
一、 重点短语
good morning/afternoon/evening 早上/中午/晚上好 good night 晚安
talk about 谈论 look at 看 stand up起立
sit down 坐下 open the door 开门 come in 进来
up and down 上上下下 under the desk 在课桌下面 on the floor 在地上
wake up 喊醒 hurry up 赶紧,快 be ready 准备好
welcome to +地点 欢迎来到… time for class 上课时间 behind the door 在门后
make a wish 许一个愿 want sth. 想要… want to do sth. 想做…
in the library 在图书馆 over there 在那里 happy birthday 生日快乐
happy new year 新年快乐 a toy car 一辆玩具汽车 a nice cake 一个好看的蛋糕
on the farm 在农场 in the tree 在树上 on the tree 在树上
in class 在课堂上 drink milk 喝牛奶 beside the door 在门旁边
fly away 飞走 fall to the ground 倒在地上 be late 迟到
from the farm
in the tree和on the tree的区别:
in the tree: 指本来不在树上,而是自己落到树上,如飞到树上、爬到树上等
on the tree:指本来就长在树上,如苹果树上的苹果,树上的树叶
二、 常用语
1、 见面打招呼
Hello. / Hi.
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Nice to meet you.
2、 辞别
Goodbye!
3、 祝福语
Happy new year.
Happy birthday.
4、 介绍自己
I’m Liu Tao.
I’m ten (years old).
5、 向别人介绍某人某物
This/That is Tim. 比较近的用this/these,比较远的用that/those
This is my father/mother/sister/brother.
They are my friends.
These are books.
6、 其他
Would you like …? Yes, please. No, thank you./No, thanks.
How nice! how引导的感慨句:how + 形容词adj. 或副词(+主语+谓语)
What a nice cake! what+形容词+名词 表达感慨,假如名词是可数名词单数,则前面要加a/an
This is for you. 这是给你的。
Here you are. 给你。(把东西递给对方时的常用语)
I’m sorry. 对不起。 向对方表达歉意。
Thank you (very much). (非常)感谢。 表达谢意。在口语中也常省略为Thanks.
No thanks. 不用谢。
It is time for sth. = It is time to do sth.
It is time for class. = It is time to have our class.
三、 重点句型
1、 一般疑问句
以be动词、助动词或者情态动词开头,必须用yes或no回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句在朗读的时候,最后一个单词的最后一个音节用升调。
一般疑问句的结构:
有be动词:Am/Is/Are +主语+其他? 如:Are you a teacher?
Yes, 主语+am/is/are. No, I’m not. / No, 主语+isn’t/aren’t.
一般现在时
无be动词:Do/Does +主语+其他? 如:Does he read English every day?
Yes, 主语+do/does. No, 主语+don’t/doesn’t.
现在进行时:Am/Is/Are +主语+v-ing+其他? 如:Is your brother doing his homework?
情态动词:Must/Need/Can/May/Should +主语+动词原形+其他?
Yes, 主语+ must/need/can/may/should.
No, 主语+ mustn’t/needn’t/can’t/may not/shouldn’t
有be动词:Was/Were +主语+其他? 如:Were you ill yesterday?
Yes, 主语+was/were. No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
一般过去时
无be动词:Did ++主语+动词原形+其他?如:Did he go to school yesterday?
Yes, 主语+did. No, 主语+didn’t.
Am/Is/Are +主语+going to +动词原形+其他?
如:Are you going to go swimming this afternoon?
一般将来时 Will/Shall +主语+动词原形+其他? shall用于第一人称I和we
如:Will you go home now?
Yes, 主语+will/shall. No, 主语+won’t/shall not.
在将陈述句改为一般疑问句的时候,要注意以下几个问题:
1) 假如原句中没有be动词、情态动词和助动词,那么在改为一般疑问句的时候需要增长助动词;
2) 假如原句中主语是第一人称单数或者是第二人称单数,那么在改疑问句的时候,人称需要变化;
3) 在改成疑问句的时候,某些词需要将其改变为在疑问句中使用的同义词;
如: There is some water in the cup.
è Is there any water in the cup?
2、 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分提问疑问句,常由疑问词who, what, when, where, why, how, whose等引导。
u 特殊疑问句的语序:
在多数情况下和一般疑问句一致,就是在一般疑问句前面加上疑问词和它所修饰的名词、形容词。如:I like red. 对red提问:What color do you like?
假如是对主语提问,语序不变。
如:Mr. Smith is our English teacher.
对Mr. Smith提问:Who is your English teacher?
u 特殊疑问句的回答:问什么就答什么,可以简略,也可以用完整句子。
u 常用的特殊疑问句:
who is … 对主语人提问,意为“是谁”,如:Who is our teacher?
where … 问地点,一般用介词短语回答, 如:Where is the bird? It is on the desk.
What time is it? /What’s the time? 问时刻(几点几分) What time is it? It is six o’clock.
What’s this/that? 复数形式:What are these/those问这/那是什么,在回答的时候需要注意,假如问的是人,必须用this/that回答(与问句保持一致),假如问的不是人,则一律用it来回答,不能用this/that;
如:What’s this/that? It is a book. It is a dog. This/That is Tim.
What color… 问颜色 What color is your dress? It is red.
What about …/How about … …怎么样,英语中常用的省略问句;
How old … 问年龄 How old are you? I’m ten.
3、 祈使句
表达请求、命令、劝告或者建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主语“You”。
u 肯定祈使句:动词原形做句子开头
这里的动词涉及be动词、实义动词,如:
Be careful.
Come with us.
Stop speaking. Listen to me, please.
u 否认祈使句:在谓语动词前面加上Don’t。
Don’t shout!
Don’t eat here.
Don’t be late.
u let开头的祈使句: Let+宾语+其它, let sb. do sth.
Let me try.
Let him sit here.
Let’s go home together.
对祈使句的回应:OK. All right. Yes. I’m sorry.
四、 重点语法
1、 代词
用来代替名词的词叫代词。代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、格等方面一致。凡是名词能担任的句子成分,代词都能担任。
u 人称代词
主格
宾格
单数
复数
单数
复数
第一人称
I
we
me
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he, she, it
they
him, her, it
them
例句
I’m ten.
She is Yang Lin.
Are you Lliu Tao?
The doctor advised him to give up smoking.
The teacher gave two students, Jack and her some kind advice.
I saw at once that it was him.
u 形容词性物主代词
表达归属关系的代词叫物主代词。
形容词性
单数
复数
第一人称
my
our
第二人称
your
your
第三人称
his, her, its
their
用法
作定语
u 指示代词
指示代词是用来表达这个、那个、这些、那些等概念的代词。指示代词有:this(这个), that(那个), these(这些), those(那些), it。
ü 指示代词可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
This is a difficult question.
Do you like these?
I don’t want that.
I want to read that book.
ü 指示代词都可用the来代替;
ü it可以用来指代身份不明的人、婴儿、前面提到的事物、时间、天气、距离等等
2、 be动词的系表结构
系表结构:系动词+表语,表语用来表达主语的身份、特性和状态;把主语和表语连接起来的词就是系动词,也叫连系动词。系表结构中的表语往往是名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语等
be是重要的连系动词,它的形式随着主语的单复数以及时态的改变而变化。
This is Tom.
My name is Tim.
This is my father. He is a teacher.
He is tall.
My ball is under the desk.
My mother is out.
They are happy.
She is my friend.
be动词系表结构的否认形式就在be动词后面加否认词not.
be动词:am, is, are, was , were
3、 表达位置关系的介词in, on, under, behind, beside
in:在……里面
There are many books in my schoolbag.
There is a hole in the wall.
on:在…..上,表达在….表面,两者要接触
The book is on the desk.
under:在…..的下面 under the desk
behind:在……的后面 behind the door
beside:在……的旁边 beside the door
4、 时刻表达法
整点:基数词+o’clock five o’clock, ten o’clock
非整点:在半点之前用past,如:6:20 twenty past six, 4:23 twenty-three past four
在半点之后用to,如:6:40 twenty to seven, 4:53 seven to five
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