外研版必修五module5知识点.doc

必修五Module 5 The Great Sports Personality 知识点总结
重点短语
1.retire from 从…退休，从…退役
2.perform one’s promise 履行承诺
3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术
4.have an advantage over 比…有优势
5.have an advantage in 在…方面占优势
6.take advantage of 利用
7.to sb’s advantage 对某人有利
8.have the advantage of 有…的优势
9.give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺
10.under guarantee 在保修期内
11.on the increase 正在增加
12.together with 加之，连用；和，与
13.increase by 增加了（表示增加的比率）
14.increase(from…) to (从…)增长到…（表示增加后的结果）
15.by chance 偶然的，意外的，碰巧
16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险
17.protest against/about/at 反对…，抗议…
18.declare sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是…，断言…为…
19.declare war on/against sb. 对…宣战
20.declare against 表示反对…
21.declare for 表示赞同
22.declare that. . . 声明，郑重地说
23.So what? （非正式）那又怎样呢？结果怎样？
24.rise to one’s feet 站起身
25.pick up 把…扶起来；接某人；收听；好转
26.That’s not the point那不是关键；没有说到点子上
27.to the point 很得要领的；中肯的
28.off the point 离题的
29.There’s no point in. . .干…没有用；干…没有意义
课标单词
1．track跑道(n.)
2．perform表现(vi.)
3．guarantee保证(vt.)
4．purchase购买(vt.)
5．specific具体的；特定的(adj.)
6．score得分(vi. & vt.)
7．quality特性；品德；品性(n.)
8．victory胜利(n.)
9．dramatically戏剧性地(adv.)
10．protest抗议(vi.)
11．tough费力的；棘手的；困难的(adj.)
12．retire退休(vi.)→retirement退休(n.)
13．advantage优势；长处(n.)→disadvantage(反义词)劣势，不利条件(n.)
14．champion冠军(n.)→championship冠军地位，锦标赛(n.)
15．declare宣布(vt.)→declaration宣布，声明(n.)
16．competitor竞争者；对手(n.)→compete竞争，对抗(vi.)→competition竞争，竞赛(n.)
常用短语
1．rise to one's feet站起身
2．be up to sb由某人决定
3．every ten seconds每十秒钟
4．have an advantage over比……有优势
5．on the increase正在增加
6．six out of seven七分之六
7．according to根据，依据
8．pick up拾起，捡起
9．compete with和……竞争
10.go over　仔细检查/审查；反复研究
11.make a list of　列出……名单
12.together with和，连同
13.on the increase正在增加
14.as/so long as只要，如果
15.vote for投票赞成
16.by oneself独自，单独
17.six out of seven七分之六
e onto the market上市
19.sense of failure失败感
20.be made up of 由……组成
重点短语再现
1. on the increase在增加→on the decrease在减少→increase by增添了
2.rise to one’s feet站起来→ struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来→ jump/leap to one’s feet跳起来→set foot in/on 进入；踏进→on foot步行
3.every ten minutes每十分钟→once a week每周一次→every few minutes每几分钟
4.pick up 接人；捡起；恢复→pick on(跟某人)找别扭；故意刁难→pick out 挑选
5.be determined to do sth.下决心做某事→a determined will坚决的意志
6.vote for 投票选举→vote against 投票反对
7.declare war on向……宣战→be at war with与……处于交战状态
8. up to you由你决定→up and down上上下下
9.have an advantage over 比……有优势→to one’s advantage对某人有利→ take advantage of利用
10.six out of seven七个中有六个→two fifths五分之二
单词精研
1.perform vt.做；执行；履行；表演；正式进行；实施(某事)
vi.表演；表现；(机器)运转
精讲拓展：
①perform (vi.) well in 在……中表现很好
②perform a part 扮演一个角色
③perform a task 执行任务
④perform one's duties 履行职责
⑤perform an operation 实施手术
⑥performance n. 表演
⑦put on a performance演出
(教材P42)He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.　他感到很失望，因为他在1988年的首尔奥运会上表现得不好。
①(2011·高考山东卷)When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre，they all bought ticket，for performance.
当他们得知“黑色星期三”乐队要来我们当地的剧院演出时，他们都买了演出的门票。
②This operation has never been performed in this town.
这个小镇从未做过这种手术。
③The company has been performing poorly over the past year.这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。
④They will give a performance/put on performances at the theatre.他们将在那家剧院演出。
误区警示：performance表示“演出”时为可数名词，如：
They have given many performances of the play.
这出戏他们已演出多次了。
朗文在线：
①The advice service performs a useful function.
咨询服务发挥了有用的作用。
②Our team performed very well on Saturday.
星期六时我们队表现得很好。
命题方向：perform作及物动词用表示“表演”的用法以及名词形式performance的用法。

活学巧练：完成句子
(1) Li Ming performed well in the last match.
李明在上次比赛中表现很出色。
(2)What play will be performed tonight?今晚演什么戏？Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo __________ so well at the 21st Winter Olympics that we were all proud of them.
A. performed B. possessed C. observed D. supported
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：申雪和赵宏博在第21届冬奥会上表现得太好了，我们都为他们而骄傲。
2.advantage n. 优势，长处
Li Ning’s designs were attractive,and they had a major advantage over their betterknown rivals—they were cheaper.
李宁牌运动服的设计很吸引人，而且它们还有一个强于知名对手的主要优势——便宜。（回归课本P42）
He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.
精讲拓展：
①at an advantage 有利地；占优势
②gain/win/have an(the) advantage over 胜过；优于
③take advantage of sth./sb.乘机利用某事/欺骗某人
to one's advantage/disadvantage 对某人有利/不利
④disadvantage n. 不利条件
⑤put sb. at a disadvantage 置某人于不利境地
⑥turn to advantage 使转化为有利
⑦be of advantage to 对……有利
⑧have/win/gain an advantage over 胜过，优于
⑨with an/the advantage over 胜过，优于
⑩give sb. an advantage 使某人处于更有利的地位
B11have the advantage of 比……强，胜过
B12disadvantage n．不利条件
Living in a big city has many advantages such as good schools,libraries and theatres.
住在大城市里有好多便利，如好的学校，图书馆和剧院。
Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!
不要把汽车借给他们——他们在利用你!
It would be to your advantage to attend this meeting.
参加这次会议会对你有利。
误区警示：advantage [C] n．利益，优点，长处[U] n．优势；便利，方便
朗文在线：
①For certain types of work wood has advantages over plastic.
对于某些类型的制品来讲，木头要强于塑料。
②Candidates with computer skills will be at an advantage.
具有电脑技能者优先。
③I took advantage of the good weather to paint the shed.
我趁天气好给棚屋刷上油漆。
命题方向：advantage 作名词的用法， take advantage of 和have an advantage over句型及反义词disadvantage的用法。

活学巧练：翻译句子
(1)There are several advantages in city life.
答案：(1)都市生活有几个优点。
(2)The Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.
答案：(2)因特网既有好的方面，也有不好的方面。
(3)In the first half, we had the advantage over the opposing team.
答案：(3)前半场，我们比对方队占优势。
Being able to speak another language fluently is a great when you are looking for a job.
A.chance B.importance C.assistance D.advantage
解析 句意为：能够流利地说另外一门外语，在你找工作时是一个很大的优势。
I think full advantage is _________ of this technology to improve the quality of our products. ［2010绍兴模拟］
A. taken B. made C. placed D. picked
【解析】选A。句意为：我想应该充分利用这项技术来提高我们的产品质量。考查固定词组 take advantage of，意为“利用”。
3.declare vt. & vi.宣布；宣告；申报
(教材P49)The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner.
美国人提出抗议，最终那位美国选手被宣布获胜。
观察思考
Germany declared war on France on August 1,1914.
德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。
I declare this exhibition open.我宣布展览会开幕。
Others followed him and declared against the slavery.
其他人跟随他表态，反对奴隶制度。
易混辨异
declare/announce/claim
(1)declare指正式宣布，当众宣布。通常指官方正式公布、宣告事情。
The results of the election will be declared soon.
选举结果很快就会公布。
(2)announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事情。
The teacher announced in the class that the winter holidays would begin on January 28.
老师在班上宣布元月28日放寒假。
(3)claim多指根据权利宣称，声称。
Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.
医生们声称已找到该疾病的治疗方法。
活学活用
用declare,announce或claim的适当形式填空
(1)He claimed that he had been dining with friends at the time of the accident.
(2)Our monitor announced to us that there would be a sports meet the next week.
(3)The use of certain chemicals has now been declared illegal.
精讲拓展：
①declare against sth. 声明反对某事
②declare in favor of sth. 声明赞成某事
③declare off 宣布作废；毁约；宣布退出
④declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度；宣布自己的身份
⑤declare sth. open 宣布……开幕
⑥declare war (on/against sb.) 对……宣战
⑦declare sb. the winner 宣布某人为获胜者
⑧declaration n. 宣布，宣言，声明
⑨declarer n. 宣告者
⑩declarative adj. 宣言的，公布的
B11declaratory adj. 宣言的，公布的
朗文在线：
①The doctor finally declared that the man was dead.
医生最终宣布该男子死亡。
②Ali was declared the winner of the fight.
阿里被宣布为这场拳击赛的获胜者。
③Well I declared! What a pretty little village!
我的天！多美的小村庄啊！
命题方向：declare后接open作宾补的用法，以及与相关单词间的词义辨析。
辨析declare，announce
Declare 指正式、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重当众发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。
announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。另外，该词还有“预示；显示；显露”之意。
①(2011·高考福建卷)The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$ 25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison...被控告有罪的司机最多罚款25000港元并判最高三年的刑期……
②America declared war on Iraq on March 20,2003.
2003年3月20日美国对伊拉克宣战。
③He declared that he had found a way to solve the demanding problem.
他声称他已找到了解决这个棘手问题的办法。
④The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed.法院宣布布朗的案子应当重审。
⑤The government announced that the danger was past.
政府宣布危险已经过去。
活学巧练：翻译句子
(1)The government has declared a state of emergency.
答案：(1)政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
(2)He declared that he was in love with her.
答案：(2)他声称他已爱上了她。
(3)The moment the 28th Olympic Games ________ open, the whole world cheered.
A．declared　 B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared
答案与解析：D　句意为：在28届奥运会宣布开幕的那一刻，全世界沸腾了。the moment在此句中引导时间状语从句“一……就”，又有cheered可知答案应为D。
4.guarantee vt.担保；保证；允许；允诺 n．担保物；抵押物；保证书
(教材P42)Success for Li Ning was guaranteed，and it came quickly.
李宁的成功之处就在于保质包换，而且反馈迅速。
精讲拓展：
①guarantee fund 保证金
②stand guarantee for sb. 替某人作保
③guarantee sb./sth. against/from 保证……不受/免遭……
④guarantee sb. against/from loss 保证某人不受损失
⑤guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保/保证某事
⑥be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
⑦under guarantee 在保修期内
⑧guarantor n．保证人

观察思考
Even if you complete your training,I can’t guarantee you a job.
即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。
Your watch will be repaired free,if it’s still under guarantee.
你的手表在保修期内可享受免费修理。
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
我们保证一周内交货。
We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.
我们在贷款时不得不拿房子作抵押。
朗文在线：
①Take this opportunity, and I guarantee you won't regret it.
抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。
②If you yell at him, he's guaranteed to do the opposite of what you want.
如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定会跟你对着干。
③My watch is still under guarantee.我的表还在保修期之内。
活学巧练：汉译英
(1)这只表保用两年。
答案：(1)This watch is guaranteed for two years.
(2)我保证他会去。
答案：(2)I guarantee that he'll go.
(3)他向我保证这种事情决不会再发生。
答案：(3)He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
活学活用
Working hard is not only a of greatsuccess,but it is also among the essential requirements.
A.sign B.signal C.guarantee D.supposition
解析 句意为：努力工作不仅是成功的一个保障，而且是基本的要求之一。
This win _________ them a place in the final.
A. is sure B. Guards C. guarantees D. makes sure
【解析】选C。句意：这场胜利确保他们在决赛中有一席之地。guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事。
5.score vt. & vi.(在游戏，比赛中)得分；获胜；得胜；领先 n．得分；二十
精讲拓展：
①make a score 得分
②keep the score 记分数
③The score in the final was 4－3(four to three)．决赛的比分是4比3。
④know the score知道事情的真相
⑤on the score of因……的理由
⑥three score years and ten 70年
⑦scores of几十个
观察思考
Yao Ming scored as soon as the first minute had passed.
刚过一分钟，姚明就进球了。
Arsenal scored a goal in the final minute of the game.
阿森纳尔队在比赛的最后一分钟进了一球。
Girls usually score highly in language exams.
在语言考试中，女生通常得高分。
Have you heard the latest score?你听到最新的比分了吗？
Scores of volunteers offered to help.许多志愿者主动帮忙。
误区警示：当score作名词用，表示“二十，二十个”时，如果前面有数词，则该词一定用单数形式，如two score, five score, ten score...；如果作定语，则名词前的of可用可不用，如a score (of) people, two score (of) students。如果表示“几十个……”不太确定的数量，则须用scores of, score必须用复数形式，如scores of people几十个人。
朗文在线：
①Is anybody keeping (the) score?
有没有人负责记分？
②The Green Party scored some successes in the northwest.
绿党在西北部获得了数次成功。
③Scores of people are in line for food.
许多人在排队等候食物。
命题方向：score作量词前面出现数词时必须用单数的用法以及scores of 短评。
易混辨异
score/dozen
二者都可以表示数量。score二十，dozen十二。
(1)其前有具体数字修饰时，其本身不用复数形式。
(2)score后接名词时，常用of，构成score of的结构，而dozen后一般不接of。
(3)当其后的修饰词为代词或所修饰的名词前有限定词时，其后加上of。
She went to the bookstore and bought .
A.dozen books B.dozens books C.dozen of books D.dozens of books
解析 dozens of表示“很多，许多”，其后跟可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。
活学巧练：
(1)He's been to Hong Kong scores of times(多次)．
(2)Mary scored(得分) the highest mark on the exam.
(3)In the game we got ten points/scores(得分)while the Medical School only got three.
(4)He got 80 marks for geography.(替换)scores
短语精释
1.on the increase增加，增长
The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase—and sports had never been so popular.
有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也变得前所未有地普及。 （回归课本P42）

观察思考
The economy in China has been on the increase in the past 10 months.
在过去的十个月里，中国的经济一直在增长。
Tickets for the performance are on sale at the box office.
演出的票正在售票处销售。
He went to Hong Kong on business.他到香港出差去了。
Crime is on the increase.
在此结构中，介词on表示“在……情况下，处于……状态中”，类似的短语有：
on fire着火　　　　　　on holiday在度假
on duty在值日 on business出差
on sale在出售 on show在展出
on leave在休假 on strike在罢工
on guard在值勤
①At present，the number of young people who smoke is on the increase.目前吸烟的年轻人的数量正在增加。
②(朗文P589)Helen is on night duty all next week.
下个星期海伦全都是值夜班。
③Tickets for the famous singer’s performance are on sale at the box office.
那位著名歌手演出的票正在售票处销售。
④The British coal miners have been on strike for several weeks.英国矿工罢工已有几个星期了。
精讲拓展：
①increase by＋倍数或百分数，表示增加了……倍或百分之……
②increase to＋具体的增长后的数字，表示增加到……
③increasing adj.日益增长的
④increasingly adv.越来越多地，逐渐增加的
⑤on the decrease在减少
活学巧练：
(1)The population has increased(增加) from 1.2 million 10 years ago to 1.8 million now.
(2)The rate of inflation has increased by(增长了)2%.
(3)The number of robberies in this area seems to be _on the increase(有增无减)．
(4)With the new policy carried out, our country is increasingly(逐渐) prosperous and strong.
The number of the students attending the College Entrance Examination has increased 10% this year than last year.
A.to B.on C.at D.by
解析 increase by增加了……；increase to增加到……。
If their marketing plans succeed, they ______ their sales by 20%.
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
【解析】选A。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句用将来时。
2.rise to one's feet 起身
As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42kilometre race,the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer.
每当领先的运动员进入体育馆来跑那全程42公里的最后几米时，全场观众都会站起身来向他欢呼喝彩。（回归课本P49）
The headmaster rose to his feet to welcome me.
观察思考
We all rose to our feet when we heard the news.
当我们听到这则消息时，我们都站了起来。
In the future,people will set foot on the moon.在将来，人们会登上月球的。
The bus didn’t come,so we set off on foot.
公共汽车没来，所以我们步行出发了。
精讲拓展：
①struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
②on one's feet站着；恢复健康
③have one's feet on the ground实事求是，脚踏实地
④on foot步行
⑤rush sb. off his feet使某人疲于奔命
⑥set foot in/on进入；到达
⑦under one's feet碍手碍脚；讨厌
⑧stand on one's feet独立自主，自主
⑨foot by foot一步一步地，逐渐地
朗文在线：
①He rose to his feet and tapped on the table as if he was going to speak.
他站起身轻轻敲打桌子，好像要发言似的。
②Mike leapt to his feet and ran towards the window.
迈克跳起身来，向窗口跑去。
活学巧练：
(1)He rose unsteadily to his feet(站起身)to reply to the speech of welcome.
(2)Now that you are growing up you must learn to stand on your own two feet(独立)．
(3)The children are under my feet(烦我)all day.
(4)Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet(忙得不可开交)．
(5)Yesterday my friends and I went to ________ town on ________ foot.
A．the; the B．the; / C．/; / D．/; the
答案与解析：C　go to town “去城镇”和on foot “步行”都属固定搭配。
The