Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld课文知识点解析.doc

Unit 1 Festivals around the world 课文知识点解析
Warming up
1.Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.
人们通过节日来庆祝重要的事情。
此句如果改成主动语态，就很容易翻译了:
People mean festivals to celebrate important events.
(1)mean vt. mean sb. or sth. to do sth.=intend sb. or sth. to do sth.
意欲、打算让某人做某事
e.g. I never mean her to read those comments.
我没打算让她读那些评论。
The diagram is meant to show the different stages of the process.
这个表格是准备用来展示进展的不同阶段的。
(2)event[C] n.重要的事，大事
e.g. All of these are the most important events of 1994.
所有这些事都是1994年最重要的事。
2.Discuss when they take place...
讨论它们何时发生……
take place 发生
e.g. The next meeting will take place on Tuesday.
下一次会议在星期二召开。
Reading：Festivals and Celebration
1.Ancient festivals 古代节日
ancient adj. 古代的
e.g. ancient civilization of Asia
亚洲的古代文明
ancient Rome 古罗马
to study ancient history 研究古代历史
2.Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.
世界各地的人们举行各种各样的节日和庆祝活动。
of all kinds 作后置定语
a kind of+单数/复数名词+单数谓语动词
e.g. There is a kind of tree(s) in the garden whose flowers are very beautiful.
在花园里，有一种树，它的花很美。
this kind of+单数/复数名词+复数动词
e.g. This kind of trees are rare now.
这种树很罕见。
These/Those kinds of+单数/复数名词+复数动词
e.g. Those kinds of fruit(s) are cheap.
那种水果很便宜。
3.The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather，planting in spring and harvest in autumn.
最古老的节日是庆祝寒冷冬天的结束、春天的耕种和秋天的丰收。
harvest in autumn 秋天的丰收
harvest[C;U] n. 收获
e.g. harvest time 丰收时节
4.They would starve if food was difficult to find.
如果食物很难找到，他们将会挨饿。
starve vt.&vi. 挨饿，饿死
e.g. Thousands of people will starve if food doesn’t reach the stricken city.
如果食物无法到达这座受灾的城市，成千上万的人将会饿死。
5.They lit fire and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.
他们点起篝火，奏起音乐，因为他们认为这些节日将会带来富足的一年。
light (lit，lit or lighted，lighted) vt. 点燃，照亮
e.g. light a cigarette 点一根香烟
make music 创作音乐
make a film 拍一部电影
a year of plenty 富足的一年
plenty n./pron. 足够；大量
e.g. years of peace and plenty 太平丰收年
There is plenty of room in my bag.
我包里还很空。
6.Some festivals are held to honor the dead，or satisfy and please the ancestors，who could return either to help or do harm.
一些节日之所以举办是为了表示对死者的尊敬，或是让祖先高兴，因为他们有可能回来帮忙也有可能对现在的人不利。
the dead=the dead people 死者
e.g. the rich 富人； the poor 穷人
honor vt. 尊重或尊敬
satisfy vt. 使某人感到满意
please vt. 使某人高兴
either...or... 在连接主语时，注意就近原则
e.g. Either you or I am going to attend the important meeting.
你或我将要出席那个重要的会议。
do harm to sb. or sth.对某人或某物有害
e.g. Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside.
现代的农业对农村造成了极大的损害。
7....when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.
……这时候，人们去扫墓，点上香火祭奠祖先。
memory[ C usually plura] n. 表示所记住的事情，记忆
e.g. memories of the war 对战争的记忆
happy memories of his stay in London
对在伦敦幸福的记忆
8.lead the ancestors back to earth
把祖先带回到地球
lead sb. to...把某人带到……
e.g. He led us to his home.
他把我们带到他家。
9.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter.
人们感激上苍，因为冬天的食物已经收集好了。
be grateful 有感激之情的
e.g.I am grateful to you for helping me.
感谢你的帮助。
10.On this important feast day，people might eat food in the shape of skulls，and cakes with bones on them.
在这种重要的宗教节日上，人们会吃带有头颅形状的食物和上面带有骨头的蛋糕。
feast day n. 节日，斋日，宗教节日
in the shape of... 以……的形状或形式
e.g. Help came in the shape of a $10 000 loan from his parents.
他父母提供帮助的形式为10 000 美元的贷款。
11.They offer food，flowers and gifts to the dead.
他们把食物、鲜花和礼物献给死者。
offer sth. to sb.= offer sb.sth.提供某物给某人
e.g. He offered me 300 dollars for that television.
他出300美元向我买那部电视机。
12.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.
万圣节起源于纪念已逝的人们。
had its origin as an event 起源于某事
have your or its origin=begin 开始
e.g.Many of the problems had their origin in post-war Europe.
许多问题都起源于战后欧洲。
13.They dress up and try to frighten people.
他们乔装打扮穿得古里古怪地去吓唬人。
dress up 穿上特别的衣服；乔装打扮
e.g.He went to the party dressing up as Chicago gangster.
他们打扮成芝加哥的黑帮去参加聚会。
14.If they are not given anything，the children might play a trick.
如果孩子们没有得到什么的话，他们就会搞恶作剧。
play a trick on sb. 愚弄某人 ；搞某人的恶作剧
The children played a trick on their teacher.
孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。
15.Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or to the gods.
人们庆祝节日是为了颂扬名人或是歌颂神灵。
honor 荣誉，光荣
e.g.Early this year I have the honor of meeting the President and Mrs Clinton.
今年初，我荣幸的见到了克林顿总统及夫人。
He’s an honor to his parents.
他的父母以他为荣。
16.Another is Columbus Day in the USA，in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in American.
另一个是美国的哥伦布节，为了纪念美国克里斯托弗·哥伦布的到来。
arrival[U] n. 到达
e.g.the arrival of the train 火车的到达
17....the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
……那位领袖，他帮助印度摆脱英国获得了独立。
gain vt. 得到，获得
e.g. She gained high grades in English and Math.
她在数学和英语学科中获得了高分。
18.Some people might win awards for their animals，flowers，fruit and vegetables.
一些人可能因为他们的动物，花，果实和蔬菜而赢得奖品。
award[C] n. 评价 报酬 奖品
e.g.He has won the best actor award.
他已经获得了最佳男演员奖。
19.In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals，when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes.
在中国和日本都有中秋节，人们欣赏明月同时互赠月饼作为礼物。
admire vt. 欣赏，钦佩
e.g.I’d admire to go.我很想去。
Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor.
人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。
20.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最活跃和最重要的节日就是那些期盼冬天结束和春天到来的节日。
look forward to+n./doing sth.盼望；期盼
e.g.I am looking forward to our vacation.
我正盼望着我们的假期的到来。
energetic adj.充满活力的
e.g.He is an energetic boy;he enjoys sports.
他是一个精力充沛的孩子，他喜欢运动。
21.The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.
地上盖满了樱桃花，看起来就像覆盖着粉色的雪。
look as though/as if... 看起来好像……
e.g.He looks as if he knew everything.
他看起来好像他知道一切。
22.People love to get together to eat，drink and have fun with each other.
人们喜欢聚在一起吃饭、喝酒和娱乐。
have fun 过得愉快
fun[U] n. 有趣的事； 娱乐
e.g.The children were having so much fun，so I hated to call them inside.
孩子们玩得如此高兴，所以我不愿意把他们叫进来。
What fun it is!
多么有趣啊！
I came here for work，not for fun.
我来这里是来工作的，不是来玩的。
Reading：A Sad love Story
1.Li Fang was heart-broken.
李方感到心都碎了。
heart-broken adj. 感到心碎的
e.g.You’d better not make the girl heart-broken.
你最好不要让这个女孩太伤心。
2.But she didn’t turn up.
但是，她没有出现。
turn up 出现
e.g.Steven turned up late as usual.
斯蒂文像平常一样迟到了。
The papers will turn up sooner or later.
文件迟早会找到的。
Several old friends turned up at the reunion.
好几个老朋友出现在聚会上。
3.She could be with her friends right now laughing at him.
她可能正和她的朋友在一起，嘲笑他。
laughing at him现在分词作伴随状语
e.g.My teacher came in，smiling.
老师微笑着进来了。
4.And he thought she would keep her word.
他认为她会信守诺言的。
keep one’s word 信守诺言
e.g. Gail kept her word and returned all the money.
盖尔信守诺言，归还了所有的钱。
5.He was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.
他不打算再等着她来道歉。
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸；急切等待着事情的发生
e.g.We held our breath while Mr Evans read the exam away.
当伊文思先生宣读考试成绩的时候，我们屏住呼吸等待着考试的结果。
I just held my breath and prayed I wouldn’t sneeze.
我屏住呼吸祈祷不要再打喷嚏了。
apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
e.g.I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.
屋子这么不整洁，实在抱歉。
I must apologize for calling you so late.
实在抱歉，这么晚给您打电话。
6.He would drown his sadness in coffee.
他将会用咖啡冲淡自己的悲伤。
drown 淹死，淹没，用液体来完全覆盖某物
drown one’s sorrows 忘掉自己的悲伤
drown one’s cares in wine 以酒解忧
7.It is obvious that... 很显然……
e.g.It is obvious that she is very clever.
很明显，她挺聪明。
Indeed，there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的确，实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
It is obvious that even if we can save much energy，we can only delay the energy crisis.
很明显，即使我们能节约很多能量，我们也只能推迟能源危机的到来。
8.wait for sb.to do sth.
等待某人做某事
e.g.The students are waiting for their teacher to explain the difficult question.
同学们正等待着他们的老师解释那道难题。
I’m waiting for James to arrive.
我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
I bought a paper and waited for the train.
我买了一张报纸就等火车了。
9.the weaving girl 织女
weave vt.(wove woven)编结;编成(故事、小说等);使迂回前进
e.g.weave thread into cloth 把线织成布
weave a basket 编一个篮子
weave a story 编一个故事
weave one’s way through a crowd 在人群中迂回穿行
10.She was the most lovely of the daughters.
她是女儿中最可爱的。
lovely adj. 美丽的；可爱的; 有趣的
e.g.The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.
这幢房子有很多大房间，并有一个惹人喜爱的花园。
a lovely meal愉快的一餐
a lovely cool drink沁人心脾的冷饮
Your portable computer is a lovely job.
你的手提电脑真不错。
11.While she was on earth，she met the herd boy Niulang，and they fell in love.
当她在人间的时候，她遇到了牛郎，他们就相爱了。
fall in love with sb.=get to love sb.爱上某人
e.g.The boy fell in love with the girl.
这小伙子爱上了这姑娘。
Love is blind.情人眼里出西施。
12.They got married secretly，and they were very happy.
他们秘密结婚了，并且生活得很幸福。
marry sb. 与某人结婚;娶了某人;嫁给某人
get married to sb. 与某人结婚(强调动作）
be married to sb. 与某人结婚了(强调状态)
marry sb. to sb.让某人与某人结婚
e.g.I’m glad he married a girl of spirit.
我很高兴他和一个活泼的姑娘结了婚。
She has married off all her daughter.
她把女儿都嫁出去了。
13.He made the weaving girl return to Heaven.
他迫使织女返回了天庭。
make sb. do sth.使某人做某事
e.g.His terrible stories made our blood freeze.
他讲的恐怖故事吓得我们浑身冰冷。
I can’t make the horse go.我无法使这匹马走动。
I don’t like milk，but she made me drink it.
我不喜欢牛奶，可是她强迫我喝。
14.Niulang tried to follow her，but the river of stars，the Milky Way，stopped him.
牛郎企图要追上织女，但是银河挡住了他的去路。
the Milky Way 银河
follow vt.跟随，追随，沿……而行，理解，从事，追求
e.g. follow our own road in developing industry
走自己发展工业的道路
follow the world’s affairs注意世界局势
The children followed their mother into the room.
孩子们跟着母亲进了房间。
I do not quite follow you.我听不大懂你的话。
You go first and I’ll follow.你先走，我跟着就来。
We followed the road to the top of the hill.
我们沿着这条路走到了小山顶。
15.Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken，her mother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.
发现织女心都碎了，她的母亲最终决定，让这对夫妻每年跨过银河见一次面。
the couple 夫妇
the couple+单数动词
a couple of 一对，两个
e.g.The couple has seven children.
这对夫妇有七个孩子。
There is a couple of girls waiting for you outside.
外面有两个女孩等你。
16.Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.
喜鹊们用翅膀搭成了一座桥，所以这对夫妻可以跨过银河在阴历的七月七日见面。
make sth. up of sth. 形成；构成
e.g.The basketball team is made up of 20 players.
篮球队是由20名运动员构成的。
17.It means that Zhinu is weeping.
那就意味着织女正在哭泣。
weep vi. 哭，抽泣
e.g.James broke down and wept.
詹姆斯摔倒了，哭起来。
She wept when she heard the bad news.
当听到这个坏消息时她哭了。
18.As Li Fang set off for home...
当李方动身回家时……
set off for... 动身去……，出发，启程
e.g.I set off for the company earlier in order to avoid the heavy traffic.
我早一点动身去公司是为了避开拥挤的交通。
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
一天下午，她乘坐小船从海岸出发，遇到了一场暴风雨。
The children set off for school.
孩子们上学去了。
19.I don’t want them to remind me of her.
我不想让他们使我想起她。
remind sb.of sth. 让某人想起某事
e.g.Hearing that song always reminds me of a certain night in Santa Claus.
每当听到这首歌，总令我想起在圣克鲁斯的夜晚。
20.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home，he heard a voice calling him.There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling...
正当他经过回家路上的茶叶店拐角处时，他听见一个声音在正叫他。胡锦正在向他挥手……
(1)on the corner在物体表面的角上
at the corner在物体外面的角上
in the corner在物体内部的角上
(2)wave at/to sb.向某人挥手
e.g.He waved to us as he came across the field.
当经过农田时他向我们打招呼。
He waved desperately to his companion.
他绝望地向他的伙伴挥了挥手。
She waved her hand to say good-bye.她挥手告别。
21.She would never forgive him.她决不会原谅他。
forgive sb. for sth./doing sth.原谅某人某事/做某事
e.g.He forgave me for losing his bike.
他原谅了我丢了他的车子。
I can’t forgive him for what he did to my sister.
我不能原谅他对我姐姐所做的事。
Grammar
比较can 和be able to
1.can/could 表示能力，可能(过去时用could），只用于现在
时和过去时(could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。
e.g.They will be able to tell you the news soon.
他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2.只用be able to的情况：
(1)位于助动词后。
(2)情态动词后。
(3)表示过去某时刻动作时。
(4)用于句首表示条件。
(5)表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。
e.g.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发之前逃离了欧洲。
比较have to和must
1.两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
e.g.My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事）
2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
e.g.He had to look after his sister yesterday.
他昨天只得照顾他姐姐。
must表示推测
1.must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2.must表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
e.g.You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
你辛苦干了一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office.
他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：He must be staying there.
他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那里。
3.must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
e.g.I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.
我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4.must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
e.g.—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
为何不接我的电话？
—Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didn’t hear it.
唉，我肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
表示推测的用法
can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1.情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
e.g.I don’t know where she is.She may be in Wuhan.
我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。
2.情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
e.g.At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
3.情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。
e.g.The road is wet.It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4.情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测。
e.g.Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
情态动词+have+过去分词
1.may (might） have+done sth.，can (could） have+done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
e.g.Philip may (might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
=Philip can (could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
菲利浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
2.must have+done sth.，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。
e.g.—Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.
琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。
—She must have gone by bus.
她肯定乘巴士去的。
3.ought to have done sth.，should have done sth.表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
e.g.You ought to (should） have been more careful in this experiment.
你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.
他不该把旧衣服扔了。(事实上已扔了。)
注意：ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

思维拓展
mean to do=intent to do 有意做某事
e.g. I didn’t mean to hurt you.
我并不是有意伤害你的。

思维拓展
event[C] n.比赛项目
e.g. track events 经营项目
思维拓展
happen 偶然发生
e.g. A car accident happened yeste-
rday.
昨天出了一次车祸。

思维拓展
ancient n. (前面与the连用)古代人，古希腊人，古罗马人

思维拓展
kind adj.仁慈的；善良的；好心的
e.g.be kind to animals 爱护动物
She was kind to me when I was unhappy.
当我不高兴的时候，她对我很好。

思维拓展
harvest vt. 收割(庄稼)，收获
e.g. harvest rice 割稻子

思维拓展
starve to death 饿死

全析提示
light vi. 引着，着（火）
e. g. The wet wood doesn’t light easily.
湿木头不容易着。
lighted(p.p.) 点着的
e.g.a lighted candle
一枝点着的蜡烛
plenty of+可数或不可数名词
e.g.plenty of books or water

全析提示
the+形容词：表示一类人
honor n. 尊敬，敬意，荣誉，光荣
satisfy vt. 说服，使相信 v. 满意，确保
neither...nor...既不……也不……
do harm/good to sb.=do sb. harm
/good
对某人/某物有害/有利

思维拓展
in memory of...
为了纪念……

思维拓展
lead to 导致，通向
e.g.Smoking cigarettes leads to lung disease.
吸烟导致肺病。
思维拓展
grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的

思维拓展
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