小升初英语语法总结+练习题及答案.doc

小升初英语语法总结+练习题及答案
1、人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
一；用适当的代词填空。
1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is ______.
2.How is Mr Li? _______is fine, thanks.
3.Put on______ hat! I am going to put it on.
4.Who is that over here? It is_______.
5.The old man lives by ______.
6.I am sure I can do it all by _______.
7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _____.
8.I’d like to go for a walk. ______ too.
9.What are ______jobs? They are students.
10.We think to _________.
11.Mary is old enough to take care of ______.
12.It is perfume, I made it __________.
13.Look at ____. She is very well.
14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _______.
15.You and she did very well in the test.
The teacher said that he would praise _____ and______.
16.The story ______was very good, but you are did not tell it well.
17.Give Jane this watch.. Give______ this one too.
18.Sara is not pleased with ______in this English test.
19.Did you enjoy _______at the party yesterday?
20.She wants to buy a car of _____own.
二：选择填空.
1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn’t enjoy _______.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ________.
A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she
3. Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.
A. hers B.she C. her D. herself
4.Would you like _____for super?
A: something Chinese B：Chinese something
C: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything
5.______ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.
A. She B. She’s C. Hers D. Her
6.Who taught you English last year?
Nobody taught me . I taught ______.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I
7.That bike is _________?
A．he B. him C. his D. it
8. We bought ______ a present, but _______ didn”t like it.
A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their
D. theirs, they

答案：
1. mine
2. he
3. your
4. her
5. here
6. myself
7. myself
8. me
9. those
10. ourselves
11. herself
12. myself
13. her
14. yourself
15. you, her
16. you made
17. her
18. her results
19. yourself
20. her

1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. B

2. 形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______       juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6 冠词

冠词的定义
冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。

冠词的分类
冠词分为不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词
的情况。

不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。
不定冠词的用法-1
不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音
开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是
根据字母。

1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示"一"
There is a tiger in the zoo.
动物园里有一只老虎。

2. 表示一类人和东西
A tiger can be dangerous.
老虎可能有危害性。

3. 表示"某一个"的意思
A gentleman wants to see you.
有一位先生要见你。

4. 表示"同一"的意思
They are nearly of an age.
他们几乎同岁。
The two shirts are much of a size.
这两件衬衫大小差不多。

5. 表示"每一"的意思
We go swimming four times a week.
我们每周去游泳四次。

6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业
My mother is a teacher.
我妈妈是教师。

7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.
很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。

8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an"
There is an hotel near here.
这附近有一家旅馆。

9. 在such a，quite a句式中
He is quite a good actor.
他是一个相当好的演员。
Don't be in such a hurry.
不要如此匆忙。

10. 在感叹句 what...的句式中
What a pretty girl she is!
她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！
不定冠词的用法-2
用在某些表示数量的词组中：
a lot of 许多
a couple of 一对
a great many 很多
a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen）
a great deal of 大量

定冠词的用法-1

1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.
这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。

2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door, please.
请把门打开。

3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to
look for food for him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。

4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.
一月份是一年当中的第一个月。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
上海是中国最大的城市。

5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮
the earth 地球 the sky 天空
the world 世界

6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国

定冠词的用法-2

7. 表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方
in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部
on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边

8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡

9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
贝克一家人昨天来看我。

10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人
the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员
the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物

11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级
the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党

12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want.
这就是我想要的那本书。

13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink, the more you like it.
你越喝就越爱喝。

14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴

15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 前往...去的路上

16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.
马是一种有用的动物。
注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.

零冠词的用法

1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国 Europe 欧洲
Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚

2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份 Sunday 星期日
Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节
National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节
比较： ...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）

3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词

I have lunch at school.
我在学校吃午餐。

Summer is the best season for swimming.
夏天是游泳的好季节。

比较： I had a big lunch yesterday.

昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）
比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。
（表示特指）

4. 进行球类运动

play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球
play football 踢足球

5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of wood.
这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较： The wood outside was all wet.
外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）

6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
Time is precious.
时间是宝贵的。
比较： The time of the play was 1990s.
这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）

7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
I like tomatoes.
我喜欢西红柿。

8. 山峰
Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰

9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉
go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去
at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院
at school 求学 in school 求学
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上
at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里

10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A boy came in, book in hand.
一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。

11. 泛指人类
Man is mortal.
人必有一死。

12. 在"kind of＋名词 sort of＋名词"句式中
What kind of flower is it?
这是什么花？
I like this sort of book.
我喜欢这种书。

13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。
He is (the) captain of the team.
他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.
作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。

冠词和三餐的搭配
三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词
三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：

We have breakfast at eight．
我们8点钟吃早饭。

He gave us a good breakfast．
他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。

I was invited to dinner．
他们邀请我吃饭。

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador．
我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。

The Scots have porridge for breakfast．
苏格兰人早餐吃粥。

The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house．
婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。

介词短语与冠词

一.
at table 在进餐
at the table 在桌子旁边
at desk 在读书
at the desk 在课桌旁
at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里面
in bed 卧床
in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢
in the prison （因事）在监狱
in hospital 住院
in the hospital （因事）在医院
go to school 去上学
go to the school （因事）去学校
go to bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病
go to the hospital 去医院

二.
take place 发生
take the place 代替
in place of 代替
in the place of 在...的地方
in case of 万一
in the case of 就...来说
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 完全不可能
通常使用不定冠词的短语
after a while 过了一会儿
all of a sudden 突然
as a rule 通常
as a result 结果，因此
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a whole 大体上
at a loss 不知所措
in a hurry 急忙
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 总而言之
It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是…
put an end to… 结束…
come to an end 结束
come to a conclusion 得出结论
have a good time 玩得愉快
have a rest 休息一下
have a cold 感冒
have a word with 和…谈一谈
keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力
make a living 谋生
make a fire 生火
make a fool of 愚弄
take a walk 散步

2. 冠词的练习

Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）:
1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near_________house.
A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an

2. He has already worked for ______ hour.
A. the B. an C. a D. 不填

3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano.
A. the B. an C. a D. 不填

4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space.
A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填

5. ______ terrible weather we`ve been having these days!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What

6.------ Where is Jack? ------ I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom.
A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the

7.When do you have _____breakfast every day?
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in ______public places.
A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填
二．精讲精练：不熟练的语法点的回顾
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
代词可分以下九类：
1.人称代词 主格（在句中作主语）有： I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格（在句中作宾语）有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them
2. 物主代词 形容词性的物主代词（作定语）有：my, your, his , her, its,
our, your ,their
名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有：mine, yours, his, hers, its,
ours, yours, theirs
3. 反身代词（自身代词）有 myself, herself, themselves等。
4. 相互代词有：each other, one another
5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those
6. 疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有 who, what, whose 等。
7. 关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which, that, who 等。
8. 连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有：what, who, whose等。
9. 不定代词 有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any 等。　
10. 不定代词 指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较：

1.both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。
Both of the answers are right.两个答案都对。
All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。

2.every和each： every指至少三个，强调共性，each 可指小到两个，强调个体。
Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。
Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。

3.either 和neither 都是谈两个人或物：
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。（either指两者当中任意一个）
Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。（neither指两者都不是）

4. some 和any some 一般用于肯定句中，而any用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中：
Are there any stamps in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？
Yes, there are some. 是的，有一些。

◆ 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？

5. no one 和none : no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物。
No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。
None of the students failed in the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。
----Have you any string?你有绳子吗？ ----No, I have none.没有。
代词的练习

一.填空
1. This bike is my sister`s. It belongs to ______ (她的)。
2. This isn`t my book. _______(我的) is in the bag.
3. They quarrelled among __________（他们）.
4. You and I understand _________(彼此) perfectly.
5. If there are ____（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.
二．单项选择
1. ______ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?
A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether
2. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to have a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of ______.
A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves
4. ----Is ________ here? ---- No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody
5. We couldn`t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _______ money on us.
A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any
【参考答案】
一填空：1.her 2.mine 3.themselves 4. each other 5. any
二单项选择：1.A 2.C 3. B 4. C 5.C
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
一、 写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________     write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing     ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________     get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

二、 用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food     no