中考重点词汇和短语.doc

中考重点词汇和短语
A
1﹑a bit 有点儿 a bit of 后跟名词 a bit of housework
I feel a bit lonely from time to time
我偶尔因为感到有点儿孤独。
a little 有点儿，（比…）稍微…可修饰比较级
It’s 10 a.m.. I feel a little hungry.
上午10点了，我感到有点饿。
Lily is 1.65 metres tall. I am 1.63 metres tall.
Lily is a little taller than I.
Lily1.65米高。我1.63米高。Lily比我高一点。
2、ability n. 能力 be able to do
Different people have different abilities.
不同的人有不同的能力。
3、above prep. 在…的上面
Wilson lives two floors above Wendy.
Wilson住在Wendy楼上两层。
below prep. 在…的下面
Mary lives six floors below Wendy.
Mary住在Wendy楼下6层。
over prep. 在…的上方
There is a bridge over the river.有一座桥横跨这条河。
under prep. 在…的下方
There is a bike under the tree.有一辆自行车在树下。
on prep. 在…的上面
There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。
4、abroad adv. 在国外，到国外
I’m planning to travel abroad in this coming summer holidays. 我计划在即将到来的暑假里去国外旅行。
5、accept vt. 接受
Do you accept what he told you?
你能接受他所告诉你的事吗？
6、accident n. 事故，意外的事
The car accident killed three men yesterday.
昨天，三个人在这场车祸中丧生。
7、 achieve vt. 获得
achieve a balance between…and…
在…和…之间获得平衡
I don’t know how to achieve a balance between my schoolwork and my hobbies. Can you give me some advice?我不知道怎样在学习和爱好两者之间取得平衡。你能给我一些建议吗？
8、across prep. 穿过
go across the road/ bridge/street/field
cross vt. 穿过
Cross the road and you’ll see the museum.
穿过这条马路，你就看到那个博物馆。
crossroads n. 十字路口
through prep. 穿过，通过
go through the forest/tunnel 穿过森林/隧道
The sun is shining through the window.
阳光透过窗户照进来。
9、action n. 行动 take action(s) 采取行动
If we do not take action, there will be no bears in the world.
如果我们不采取行动，世界上就没有熊了。
10、active adj. 积极的，活跃的 反义词：inactive
You are energetic and active, but sometimes too impatient.
你精力充沛、活泼，但有时你太没有耐心了。
take an active part in 积极参加
actively adv. 积极地，活跃地
We hope this information will help them understand and make them actively take action to protect wildlife.
我希望这个信息将帮助他们理解并且使他们积极地采取行动来保护野生动物。
11、 activity n. 活动
after-school/outdoor/indoor activities 课外/户外/室内活动
We do after-school activities every afternoon.我们每天下午进行室内活动。
12、 advantage n. 优势，长处
disadvantage n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件
Living in the country has advantages and disadvantages.住在农村既有优势也有劣势。
13、 advise vt. 建议，劝告
advise sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事
Our English teacher advises us to speak English as much as possible.我们英语教师建议我们尽可能多说英语。
advice n. （U） 建议，劝告，忠告
give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议
I don’t know how to learn English well. I hope you can give me some advice.
我不知道怎样学好英语。我希望你可以给我一些建议。
suggestion n. (C) 建议 offer sb. some suggestions
Can you offer me some suggestions? 你能给我提些建议吗？
14、affect vt. 影响 affect our moods 影响我们的心情
Do you know that colours can affect our moods?
你知道颜色能影响我们情绪吗？
effect n. 影响，作用 have a good/bad effect on sb. 对某人有好的/坏的影响
15、afford vt./ vi. 买的起，能做 afford sth. 买的起 afford to do sth. 有能力做某事
The car is too expensive. I can’t afford it/I can’t afford to buy it.这辆太贵了， 我买不起。
16、afraid adj. 担心，害怕，恐怕
be afraid of sth./doing
be afraid to do sth./be afraid that
I have a lot of homework to do. I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you.
我有许多家庭作业要做，恐怕我不能和你去了。
I’m afraid of snakes.我害怕蛇。
I’m afraid of going out alone at night.
我害怕晚上单独出去。
Don’t be afraid to ask questions.不要害怕问问题。
17、against prep. 反对，违反，紧靠
He is wanted because he has done something against the law.
他被通缉因为他做了违法的事。
18、age n. 年龄 at the age of 在…岁时
What’s your age?/How old are you?你多大啦？
At the age of five, she could swim.5岁的时候他就能游泳。
19、ago adv.以前two years ago 两年前 three seconds ago 三秒种前
before adv. 以前
I have never been to the Great Wall before.
我以前从来没有去过长城。
prep. 在…以前，在…前面
I like reading English before I go to bed.
我在上床前喜欢读英文。
He sits before/in front of me.他坐在我前面。
the day before yesterday 前天 the year before last 前年
20、agree vi. 同意，赞同
agree with sb. 同意某人的看法
agreement n. 同意，协议 反义词：disagree
I agree with your parents that it is better for you to go home earlier.
我同意你父母的观点，你最好早点回家。
21. allow vt. 允许
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
My parents don’t allow me to play outside after 6 p.m.
我父母不允许我下午6点之后出去玩.
22、 almost adv. 几乎，差不多
nearly adv. 几乎，差不多hardly adv.几乎不
He is very tall-almost 1.75 metres tall.他很高几乎有1.75米
We lost our umbrella in the wind and I nearly fell over.
大风卷走了我们的伞，我几乎跌倒。
24、alone adv./ adj. 独自单独
lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 feel lonely
The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.这个老人独自一人居住，但他不感到寂寞。
25、 along prep. 沿着 go/walk along the road
get along(well) with与…相处（融洽），在…取得（大的）进展
I get along well with all my classmates.
我和我所有同学相处融洽。
26、 already adv. 已经
yet adv. 还（未） 常用于否定或疑问句中
We have already finished our homework.我们已经做完我们家庭作业。
Have you finished your homework yet? No , not yet.
你已经做完你的庭作业了吗？还没有。
27、although conj.虽然，尽管 不能和but连用
Although he studies hard, he can’t catch up with others.
虽然他努力学习，但他不能赶上别人。
28、also adv. 也 ,too adv. 也 , as well 也, either 也
He likes reading. I also like reading.
I like reading, too.我也喜欢看书。
He is also wearing a pair of colourful trainers.他也穿了一双颜色鲜艳的运动鞋。
I want to read the book as well.我也想读这本书。
He doesn’t like running, I don’t, either.
他不喜欢跑步，我也不喜欢。
29、 among prep. 在…中间 三者或以上
between prep. 在…之间 两者
The teacher stands among the students.老师站在学生中间
There is a railway between the two cities.在这两城市间有一条铁路。
30、 angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的be /become/get angry with angrily adv. 愤怒地
His parents became angry when he made the same mistake again.
当他再次犯同样的错误时，他的父母生气了。
“What?” the tiger said angrily. “什么?”老虎生气地说。
31、another adj. 另一个，别的 后跟可数名词单数 other 后加可数复数
Would you like another cup of tea?你想再要一杯茶吗？
one…the other…（两个中的） 一个…另一个…
The old man has two daughters. One is a worker, the other is a nurse.
这个老人有两了女儿，一个是工人，另一个是护士。
32、answer n. 答案 the answer to… …的答案
Can you tell me the answer to the question? It’s difficult for me.你能告诉我这个问题答案吗？这对我有点难。
v.回答 answer a question 回答问题
reply n./v. 答复，回答
My penfriend in the USA hasn’t replied to my last three e-mails.
我在美国的笔友还没有回复我上次三份e-mail。
33．anyone pron. 任何人 用于疑问句和否定句
Is there anyone in the room? 房间里有人吗？
34. appearance n.出现，相貌
appear v 出现 反义词：disappear
She made her final appearance on the screen.
她最后一次出现在银幕上。
35、argue vi. 辩论，争辩 argue with sb. 和某人争辩
I love peace and do not like to argue with others.
我喜欢 安静不喜欢和别人争辩。
36、 arrive vi. 到达
arrive at/in ,get to, reach a place 到达某地
arrive in Beijing, arrive at the station, reach the station, get to the station, get here/there/home
arrival n. 到达 time of arrival 到达的时间
When we arrived, the film had been on for 10 minutes.
当我们到达的时候。电影已经放映10分钟了。
37、asleep adj. 睡着的 fall asleep 入睡
sleep vi./n. 睡觉 go to sleep , get enough sleep
After breakfast, I want to go to sleep.
吃完早饭后，我想去睡觉。
I don’t get enough sleep. I feel sleepy in class.
我没有足够的睡眠，我课堂上感到想睡觉。
sleepy adj. 欲睡的，困倦的 feel sleepy 感到困倦
38、attention n. 注意，专心 pay attention to 注意
You should pay attention to your spoken English.你应该注意你的口语。
39、awake adj. 醒着的 反义词：asleep
Suzy was still awake at 12 o’clock last night.
Suzy 昨晚12点仍然醒着。

B
1、 badly adv. 拙劣地，糟糕地，严重地
比较级\最高级 worse\worst
Our team played badly at first but got better in the second half.
我们的队伍开始打的糟糕，但下半场打的好些。
His grandfather is badly ill.他的爷爷病得很严重
2、 beauty n. 美，美丽
Walk slowly around the lake and feel the beauty of the park.
慢慢沿着湖边散步，会感受到这个公园的美丽。
beautiful adj. 美丽的 beautifully adv.
Our hometown is a beautiful and quiet place.我们的家乡是一个美丽而安静的地方。
3、 become vi. 成为，变得 （became become）
Nanjing is becoming more and more beautiful.南京正变得越来越漂亮。
4、 begin/start vi./vt. 开始（began begun）
begin/start to do sth./doing sth.
He began to learn English when he was six years old.当他6岁时就开始学英语。
beginning n. 开始，起初
at the beginning of 在…开始
At the beginning of the class, we sang an English song.
在这堂课开始时，我们唱了一首英文歌。
5. birth n. 出生，诞生
date of birth 出生日期 birthday 生日
Next Sunday is my twelfth birthday.
下周日是我12岁的生日。
6、 boring adj. 乏味的，无聊的，令人乏味的
bored adj. 感到无聊
The trip to the World Park was boring. We all felt bored on the way.去世界公园的旅行令人乏味，在路上我们都感到乏味。
7、 borrow vt. （向某人）借用，借
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend vt. 借给
lend sth. to sb./lend sb.sth. 把某物借给某人
Excuse me,c an I borrow a bike from you?/Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗？
I lent my English book to Kate yesterday.
昨天我把我的英语书借给Kate了。
keep 借多长时间
You can keep the book for 2 weeks. 这本书你可以借2周。
9、both pron./adj. 两者，双方，两者的，双方的
neither 两者都不either 两者中的 一个
Peter and I are both students. Pete和我都是学生。
Peter and I both love playing football. Pete
和我都喜欢踢足球。
all (三者或三者以上)都 none (三者或三者以上)都不
All of us are students. We are all students. 我们都是学生。
We all work hard at English. 我们都努力学英语
10.bread n.不可数名词
I am not full, I want two more pieces of bread.
我没吃饱， 我还想要两快面包。
11、breath n. 呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气
breathe vt./vi. 呼吸 breathe heavily 呼吸急促 Daniel arrived out of breath because he missed the early bus.
Daniel上气不接下气赶到，因为他错过早班车。
12、bridge n. 桥
There is a wooden bridge over the river.
有一座木桥横跨这条河。
13、bright adj. 明亮的，聪明的
My classroom is very bright.我的教室非常明亮。
He is a bright/smart/clever boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。
14、bring vt. 带来，拿来 （brought brought） take vt. 拿走 （took taken）
Remember to bring your homework here tomorrow.
记得明天把你作业带来。
It’s raining outside. Please take an umbrella with you when you go out.
外面正下雨。当你出去的时候，请带一把伞。
15. build vt. 建造，建筑 （built， built）
building n. 建筑物，楼房
We should build more reserves for giant pandas.
我们应该为大熊猫建立更多的保护区。
Most of us live in tall buildings.
我们中的绝大部分住在高楼里。
16、burn vt. 烧伤，烧（burned, burned; burnt, burnt）
The fire burned Zhang Hua’s neck,arms,and face.
火烧伤了张华的脖子、胳膊和脸。
17、 busy adj. 忙的，忙碌的
be busy with /doing sth. 忙于做某事
The students are very busy these days.学生这些天非常忙。
They were busy with/ doing their homework at that time.他们那个时候忙于做作业。
18、 buy vt. 买 (bought bought) .
buy sb. sth. /buy sth. for sb.
My father bought me a new bike yesterday./ My father bought a new bike for me yesterday.
我父亲昨天为我买了俩自行车。
sell vt. 卖，出售 (sold sold)
19、by prep. 通过，靠，用（表示通过某种方式）
by bus/ bike/ plane/air/ train/ ship/sea/underground/boat
by doing sth.
Now we can take an underground to the centre of Nanjing.
Now we can go to the centre of Nanjing by underground.
现在我们可以乘地铁到南京市中心。
She wanted to remind us that we should protect the environment by showing us the beauty of nature.
她想通过向我们展示大自然的美来提醒我们应该保护环境。
C
1. call vt.把……叫做/给命名
We call him Tom.
The boy is called Tom.这个男孩名叫Tom
2. calm vi.平静下来，镇静下来 adj.平静的
calm down （使）平静下来，（使）镇定
We should calm down when the earthquake happens.
当地震发生时，我们应该镇静。
3. camel n.骆驼
A camel is a useful animal. 骆驼是有用的动物。
4. camera n. 照相机/摄象机
We usually take photos with cameras.我们用照相机照相。
5. candle n.蜡烛
You can put candles into pumpkins to make lanterns.
你可以把蜡烛放在南瓜里来制作灯笼。
6. candy n.糖果
At Halloween, we can eat a lot of chocolates and candies.
在万圣节，我们吃巧克力和糖果。
7. capital n. 首都，省会 the capital of …的首都（省会）
Washington DC is the capital of the USA.
华盛顿特区是美国的首都。
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu.南京是江苏的省会。
8. care v. 介意，在乎
I don’t care about money. 我不在乎钱
careful adj.小心的Be careful with fire ,please. 请小心火。
carefully adv. 小心地，仔细地，认真地
Listen carefully in class. 上课认真听。
careless adj.粗心的 carelessly adv. 粗心地
Tom is a careless boy, he often does his homework carelessly. Tom是一个粗心的男孩，他经常做作业粗心。
9. carrot n.胡萝卜
Rabbits like to eat carrots.兔子喜欢吃胡萝卜。
10. carry vt.搬运，运输，携带
carry on with\doing sth 继续开展， 进行下去
I want you to carry all the bags for me.
我想要你帮我搬运所有的袋子。
11. cartoon n. 卡通片，动画片
Tom and Jerry is my son’s favorite cartoon.
Tom and Jerry 是我儿子最喜爱的动画片。
12. catch vt.捉住，接住，赶上；染上 （caught caught）
catch up with 赶上
catch a cold 感冒 其延续性动词：have a cold
The black cat caught a mouse yesterday evening.
这只黑猫昨晚捉住一只老鼠。
13. cause vt.引起，使发生 n.原因
What causes the problem?什么导致这个问题？
14. centre n.中心 the centre of …中心
Boys don’t like shopping centres. They like going to the youth centre and the computer centre.男孩不喜欢购物中心，他们喜欢去青少年中心和电脑中心。
15. century n. 世纪，百年
A century is a hundred years.一世纪是100年。
16. certain adj.确信的，无疑的 certainly当然，行
Are you certain you can deal with the problems?
你确信你能处理这个问题吗？
Can you help me? Certainly .
17. chance n.机会
If we study hard , everyone has the chance to go the college.
如果我们努力学习，每个人都有机会上大学。
18. change vt 改变，变化 n.变化
I don’t have a good lifestyle .It’s time for me to change now.
我没有一个好的生活方式，现在到了我改变的时间了。
There have been a lot of changes in Sunshine Town over these years. 在这几年阳光镇有了很大的改变。
19. chat vi./ n.聊天，闲谈 （chatted, chatted）
chat with sb. 和某人聊天
Peter often spends much time chatting with his friends on the Internet. Peter经常花许多时间和他的朋友在网络上聊天。
20. cheap adj.便宜的
The shirt is too expensive .Do you have a cheaper one?
这条裙子太贵了。你有更便宜的吗？
expensive/ dear adj. 昂贵的
This coat is so expensive that I can’t afford it.
这件外套太贵了，我买不起。
The price of this coat is high\low.
21. check n.核实，查明
When we go to the cinema, there is someone checking the tickets at the entrance.
当我我们去看电影时，有人在入口处查票。
22. cheer vi.欢呼，喝彩
cheerful adj.令人快乐的，快乐的
I cheered up for our team.我为我们队伍欢呼加油。
He is a cheerful boy.他是个令人快乐的男孩。
23. child n.孩子 Children’s Day儿童节
I’m the second child of my family.我在我家排行老二。
24. choice n.选择
Now I know how to make my choice.现在我知道作出我的选择。
choose vt.选择 (chose, chosen)
There are many clothes for dancers to choose from.
有许多衣服让舞蹈者来挑选。
choose sb to do sth 选某人做某事
25. Christmas n.圣诞节
at Christmas/ on Christmas Day 在圣诞节
26. cinema n.电影院 go to the cinema 去电影院
Tomorrow is Sunday .Would you like to go to the cinema with me ? 明天是星期天，你想和我去电影院吗？
27. city n.城市 adj.城市的
Nanjing is the capital city of Jiangsu.南京是江苏的省会。
28. clap vt. 鼓掌 (clapping ；clapped clapped)
The children all clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favorite characters in Disneyland.
孩子们都高兴地鼓掌尖叫当他们在迪斯尼乐园看到他们最喜爱的人物。
29. clean adj.干净的 v. 打扫
Mike’s bedroom looks as clean as new.
Mike的卧室和新的一样新。
We clean our classroom every morning.
我们每天早上打扫我们的教室。
clearly adv 清楚地
I can not see the blackboard clearly, I need to wear glasses.我不能清楚地看到黑板，我需要戴眼镜。
30. clever adj.聪明的，伶俐的
Tom is clever at math. Tom数学很好。
31. climb vt.爬，攀登 climber攀登者
Madee usually climbs a ladder to get into her house.
Madee通常要爬梯子进入他的房子。