英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,人文知识,英语国家社会与文化,人文知识的考察范围宽泛.但并不要求有很深的研究,所以,主要是把握好出题的方向和侧重点.,测试要求:,能基本了解主要英语国家的地理,、,历史,、,现状,、,文化传统等.,考题回顾,1999 年:,1.The Observer,2.The geographical location of North America,3.The old universities in U.K.,4.Westminster Palace,2000:,The titles of English nobility,The features of Irish landscape,The longest river in Britain,The legislative branch in U.K.,The Hundred Years War,2001:,The founding of Harvard,The settlement of Anglo-Saxons,The official name of U.K.,The economic activity of Canada,2002:,Wall Streetthe financial center,Big Ben,Benjamin Hall,The compulsory education in U.K.,Three branches of U.S.A.government,2003:,The location of California,British news agency,The founding fathers of U.S.A.,The geography of Canada,2004:,1920s in U.S.A.,The largest river in U.S.A.,The discovery of the New World,The first settlement in America,2005:,The capital city of Canada,How long the U.S.President serves,The important cities in U.S.A.,The state church in England,2006:,The President in the Civil War,2.The capital city of New Zealand,3.The natives of Australia,4.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of,the Cabinet,2007:,1.The origin of the current British population,2.The Head of State of Canada is represented by the Governor-general,3.The author of the Declaration of Independence,4.The original inhabitants of Australia,2008:,The largest city in Canada.,The legislative branch of the U.S.government,The oldest sport in U.S.A.,The head of the executive branch in New Zealand,2009:,The Head of State of New Zealand,The capital of Scotland,The author of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S.president,The cities located on the eastern coast of Australia.,参考书籍:,英语专业八级人文知识及改错,(,上海外国语大学何树主编,),英语国家概况,(,余志远主编,),网络资料,The United Kingdom:,地理、人口及基本事实考过题目:,1.The longest river(2000),2.The official name(2000),3.The origin of the population,4.Big Ben,Benjamin Hall,5.The capital of Scotland(2009),备考点:,Official name,vs.Geographical Names:,The British Isles,Great Britain and England,The British Empire:a big empire on which the sun never set(1900);1/4 of the worlds people and land area,The Commonwealth(of Nations):1931,50 independent members,economic ties,2.Geographical position:,It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the,south,and the North Sea in the,east,.,The English Channel:The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.,The narrowest partthe Straits of Dover,3.Three political divisions:,England:south,the largest,the most populous,the richest,London,The Pennies,Scafell,Scotland:north,Edinburgh,3 natural zones(the Highlands,the Lowlands,the Uplands),Ben Nevis,Wales:west,Cardiff,4.Rivers and Lakes:,The longestthe Severn,The second longest and the most importantThames,The largest lakeLough Neagh in Northern Ireland,Lake District:15 lakes,the Lake poets(William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey),5.The People,:,The English:Anglo-Saxons;England”Angle”land;,Anglo-Saxons:Germanic tribe,The English people and the English language the union of,Norman conquerors,and,the defeated Anglo-Saxons,The Norman:the native of Normandy,The Scots,Welsh&Irishthe Celts,Celtic:the language spoken by Wales,The National Eisteddfodaua Welsh festival of the arts to keep Welsh language and culture,Gaelic:one of the Celtic language spoken in Highlands,历史:,The titles of English nobility,The Hundred Years War,备考点:,The Origins of a Nation,1.The first known settlersIberians,2.The Celts(700 B.C.),3.Romans:,55 B.C.Julius Caesar;43 A.D.Claudius,Christianity was first brought to England by,Romans,.,In order to keep back the Picts&Scots,the Hadrians Wall,4.The Anglo-Saxons:,Three Germanic tribes,Tuesday(Tiu),Wednesday(Woden),Thursday(Thor),Friday(Freya)derive from the name of Teutonic Gods,The Witan(council of the wiseman to advice the king),597:Pope Gregory I,St.Augustine,conversion to Christianity,the first Archbishop of Canterbury,5.The Viking and Danes:,Alfredthe father of the British navy,Alfred the Great,King Alfred,defeated the Danes and came to an agreement with them in 879.,6.The Norman Conquest:,The Battle of,Hastings,1066,Duke William vs.Harold,Williamking of England in Westminster Abbey,the feudal system;the Grand Council,Domesday Book a property record,The Tower of London,a historical sight,located in the center of London,was built by,William the Conqueror,The Shaping of the Nation,The Great Charter:,King John,1215,the foundation of English liberties,the spiritthe limitation of the kings power,2.All Estates Parliamentthe beginning of Parliament,the“Model Parliament”,1265,3.Black Deaththe deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in 14th century.,It reduced Englands population from 4 million to 2 million by the end of the 14th century.,4.The Peasant Uprising:,Wat Tyler,1381,Precipitated by the collection of,Poll Tax,Transition to the Modern Age:,The Wars of Roses(1455-1485):,The battles between the House of,Lancaster,(red)and,York,(white).,Henry Tudor united the two and brought about the rule of the Tudors.,2.,The English Reformation,:(1529-1534),Henry,VIIIs,reform in breaking English Churchs connection with the Pope and switching to Protestant theology,1535:the Supreme Head of the Church of England,3.Bloody Mary:,300 Protestants burned,The monarch who lost Calais,4.,Elizabeth I:,A time of confidence and achievements,The Armanda(the Spanish fleet),was defeated by the British navy,5.The English Renaissance:(rebirth),A cultural movement that arose the rise of the bourgeoisie.The thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were humanists.,The English Renaissance was literary:,Thomas More“Utopia”,Shakespeare:,Elizabethan drama,6.The Divine Rights of Kings:Charles I,The king rules with the authority of God,7.The Civil Wars(1642-1651),The Cavaliers;the Roundheads,Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army,Cromwell as,Lord Protector,of the Commonwealth of England(1653),8.The Glorious Revolution:,To reject James II,William of Orange from Holland was invited to be joint rulers with Mary(James daughter).,With,no bloodshed,nor execution,of the king.,At their acceptance of,the Bill of Rights,there began the,constitutional monarchy,.,The British Empire,The Enclosure Movement:,The 15th century,the cloth industry increased the value of wool.,To covert land into pastures,the nobility and merchants began to enclose the land.,2.The Industrial Revolution:,Changes occurred earliest and quickest in,textiles,.,“,The workshop of the world,”,3.The East India Company:,An English trade company formed at the end of the 16th century.,It served as a tool of exploiting the Indian people.,4.The Chartist Movement,(1836-1848),The working class tried to realize the“,peoples charter,”about universal suffrage.,The first nationwide working class movement,5.The first colonyNewfoundland,1583,6.,The Treaty of Versailles,(1919),Signed at the Paris Peace Conference,Britain took Palestine&Mesopotamia from Turkey and seized many,German colonies,in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean,7.,The Statute of Westminster,(1931),The dominions became independent states in all but,name,8.The Opium War:,1840,an aggressive war against China,1842,Treaty of Nanjing,经济,The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of,John M.Keynes,.,The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh is the“,Silicon Glen,”in Britain.,Margaret Thatcher:,The first woman Prime Minister,“iron lady”for the tight control of monetary policy.,政治,考过题目:,Westminster Palace,The legislative branch,Prime Minister,Cabinet,The components of the English Parliament:,the Sovereign,the House of Lords,the House of Commons,The British Constitution consists of,convention,s,common law,statue law,The real center of power in the Parliament is,the House of Commons,.,There is,no,written constitution.,A parliament has the maximum duration of,five,years.,6.,The party with the second largest number of seats becomes the official,Opposition,with“,shadow cabinet,”.,7.,The House of Lords,is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases of Great Britain.,8.The jury in England usually consists of,12,ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court.,9.Downing Streetthe most important street in London where the Home Office,the Treasury,the War Office are located.,10.The Speakerthe presiding officer of the House of Commons(英国下议院的主持),教育,社会,文化传统,考过题目:,Big Ben,The Old University,News Agency,Major Journal,The Observer,the compulsory education,the state church in England,The religious leader of the Church of England is,Archbishop of Canterbury,2.Easter is connected to the coming of spring,the,resurrection,of Christ,and the eating of Easter eggs,3.Westminster Abbey:,It is a veritable national shrine(,真正的国家神殿,),where the countrys greatest literary and scientific figures are buried.,4.Eton is a famous,public school,.,(comprehensive school,state school),5.The most typical English sports,Cricket,reflects the English character:comparative slowness and quietness,6.The home of golf is,Scotland,.,7.The most famous music and art festival in Britain The,Edinburgh,International Festival of Music and Drama,8.The,Roaring,Twenties:jazz,silent films,9.The,Swinging,Sixties:the permissive age,The Beatlesa popular music group,10.The Timesthe most famous of all British papers and the oldest.,The Daily Telegraph;the Guardian,11.The Economistthe most influential periodical in Britain,The Spectator,12.Boxing Daythe first weekday after Christmas,when Christmas gifts or boxes are traditionally given to household employees and other service workers.,13.Hogmanay(In Scotland)New Years Eve and the parties,drinking,etc.,14.Guy Fawkes DayNovember 5th,Ireland,考过题目,:,The features of Irish landscape,The Emerald Isle,refers to Ireland,due to the green countryside.,The largest riverthe Shannon river,The highest peak,Carrantuohill,National DaySt.Patricks Day,March 17th,National FlowerShamrock(,三叶草,),Official LanguagesIrish and English,7.The arrival of,St.Patrick,in AD 432 converted the Irish to Christianity.,8.All Ireland is first brought under English control by,Henry VIII,9.The oldest university in Ireland is,the University of Dublin,10.The two political parties:,Fianna Fail and Fine Gael,11.93%of the population are,Roman Catholics,12.There are 2 official languages in Ireland:,Irish,and,English,13.In,Ulysses,James Joyce introduced,the stream of consciousness,technique.,The United States of America:,地理,人口及基本事实,考过题目,The location of California,The largest river,The important cities,America is,the 4th largest,country in the world.,The largest state of U.S.is _.,Florida B.Texas,C.Massachusetts D.Nevada,3.,Alaska,and,Hawaii,are the two newest states in America.,Alaska(Juneau)has the,largest,land area of all the states,while Hawaii(,Honolul,u,)the,smallest,.,4.,The Rockies,the backbone of the North American continent,is also known as the,Continental Divide,.,5.,Lake Superior,is the largest freshwater lake in the world.The five lakes are all located between two countries except,Lake Michigan,.(Huron,Ontario,M,Erie,S),6.,New England,is called the“,birthplace,”of America,as its the chief center of the War of Independence and the 1st industrial area.,7.The Mississippi Riverthe most important river in U.S.A.It is called the“Father of Waters”or“Old Man River”.,8.,The Niagara Falls,9.Yellowstone National Park:the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.,Old Faithfulthe most famous gayer(喷泉)in Yellowstone.,10.Grand Canyonits walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.,11.,People living in New England,were originally called,Yankees,which came to stand for all Americans.,12.The first immigrants in American history came from,England and the Netherlands,.,13.The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is,the blacks,.,14.“Baby boom”refers to the great increase of birth rate,between 1946 and 1964,.,15.,Houston,is called the chemical capital of the world,and also the home of the U.S.space center.,16.What is(are)the nickname(s)of the U.S.A.?A Uncle Sam B Brother Jonathan,C Yankee D All of the above,历史考过题目:,The founding fathers of America,1920s in America,the discovery of the New World,the first settlement in America,the President in the Civil War,the author of the Declaration of Independence,Who wrote,the Declaration of Independence,and later became the U.S.President?,Thomas Jefferson,B.George Washington,C.Thomas Paine,D.John Adams,16001900:,The discoverer of AmericaChristopher Columbus,Magellanthe first who sailed round the earth and proved the earth was round,The British established 13 colonies along,the,east,coast of North America,.,May Flowerthe ship which took Puritans to America in 1620.Plymouththe first colony,In 1766,Stamp Tax,was collected to support the army stationed in America.,In 1773,according to,the Tea Act,the,East Indian Company,sold tea to the colonies and made profit.Some Boston residents boarded an English ship in Boston Harbor,and the tea into the sea.This is known as the,Boston Tea Party,.,7.The First Continental Congress:,1774 Philadelphia,a protest against objectionable laws,8.The Second Continental Congress:,1775 Philadelphia,the decision to fight for freedom and independence,9.,The shots at,Lexington,signaled the,beginning,of the War of Independence.,10.,The,Saratoga defeat,was the,turning point,of the War of Independence,leading to the alliance between U.S.and France.,11.In,September,1783,the,Treaty of Paris,was signed.Britain recognized the independence of U.S.A.,12.The Constitutional Convention:,1787 Philadelphia,to revise the Articles of the Confederation,13.The Bill of Rights:,the first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791,which include freedom of speech,the right to assemble,etc.,14.The Gettysburg victory was the,turning point,of the Civil War.,15.In the Civil War,Lincoln issued,the Emancipation Proclamation,and,the Homestead Bill,.,16.President Jefferson bought,the Louisiana Territory,from France and doubled the countrys territory.,17.The Westward Movement:,1815-1830,moving westward to open the vast area of wilderness in America.,19001945:,The“Open Door Policy”:,advanced by,Theodore Roosevelt,in Sino-American relations,that is,invading China by means of force and culture.,The,stock market crash,:1929 to 1933,3.In 1932,Franklin D.Roosevelt promised,a“,new deal,”to get America out of the,depression.,In his inaugural speech,he said that“,the,only thing we have to fear is fear itself,.”,4.In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was,isolationism,that is,to keep America out of the fighting in Europe and Asia.,1945:,1.President,Truman,made the open declaration of the,containment policy,in 1949.,2.,Martin Luther King,Jr,.,a famous leader of the black movements in 60s,advocated,non-violent Civil Rights Movement.,Rosa Parks,Montgomery,Malcolm X,black nationalism,3.In,1972,President,N