《中西文化比较(英文版)(第2版)》unit-11-The-Chinese-and-Wester.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中西文化比较,The Comparison between Chinese and Western Culture,Unit,11,The Chinese and Western,Society,Background,There is a vast difference between Chinese and Western society.Westerners believe in achieving their goals of success and happiness through self-dedication,whereas the Chinese have behavioral ethics and are dependent on their inner world and perceptions of eternal recurrence.The Western approach is to search outside of oneself and the Chinese prefer to adopt a systematic approach and search within themselves.The Western society believes in individualism,whereas the Chinese culture has faith in collectivism and connections with others.,Vocabulary Extension,Text A,Notes,1.strata,n,.,one of the parts or layers into which something is separated,singular form:stratum,datum (pl.)data,数据,m,emorandum (pl.)memoranda,备忘录,c,urriculum (pl.)curricula,课程,We came to know the fact from a report that drugs have,penetrated every stratum of American society.,从一份报告中我们得知，毒品已经渗透到美国社会的,各个阶层。,The sampling which had rooted down to a poisonous stratum,on the spot of its sowing had been transplanted to a deeper soil.,一株被栽在有毒的土壤中的小树被移植到健康、肥沃的土,壤中。,Text A,Notes,2.gentry,n,.,people of high social class,especially in the past,In ancient China gentry class people enjoyed high social status and can be,appointed in civil services of the country.,在古代中国，士这个阶层的人享有较高的社会地位，也可以被任命到朝,中任职。,East Han Dynasty marks an important stage of the development of that,Powerful,Lord transformed itself into Gentry,.,豪族,向士族的转变,是东汉时期社会,变迁的一个重要历史,事件。,Text A,Notes,3.lineage,n,.,the members of a persons family who are directly related to that person and who lived a long time before him or her,She married an English who was said to belong to ancient royal lineage.,她嫁给了一个据说拥有皇室血统的英国人。,We should be proud of being a part of Chinese lineage.,作为中华民族的一份子我们应为此感到骄傲自豪。,Text A,Notes,4.chariot,n,.,a two-wheeled vehicle that was in ancient times for racing and fighting and was pulled by a horse or horses,As early as in Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the chariots were used in wars.,战车,早,在夏商周时期就被应用到战场上。,If you visit the,Terra Cotta,Warriors you will get a glimpse of an ancient chariot.,如果你去参观兵马俑，你将会看到古代战车,的,样子。,Text A,Notes,5.Neolithic,adj,.,relating to the period when humans used tools and weapons made of stone and had just developed farming,The n,eolithic,period,is sometimes called the new,stone age.,有时候新石器时代也被叫做,“the new stone age”.,It is generally recognized that there are three basic features in the new stone,age.First,people began to make and use sharpened stone tools.Second,pottery was invented.Third,the primitive farming,animal husbandry and,handicraft appeared.,一般,认为新石器时代有,3,个基本特征：,1,、开始制造和使用磨制石器；,2,、,发明,了陶器；,3,、出现了原始农业、畜牧业和手工业,。,Text A,Notes,6.livelihood,n.,(the way someone earns)the money people need to pay for food,a place to live,clothing,etc.,I hope that we will live for a life rather than live for a livelihood.,我希望我们能生活得有滋味，而不是为生计奔波。,If you know how hard he makes his livelihood,you will not blame him,for his decision.,如果你知道他生活得是多么不易，你就不会责备他做了那样的决定了。,Text A,Notes,7.,constitution,n.,the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs,The first constitution of the Peoples Republic of China was issued in,1954.The constitution in effect was issued in 1982.,中国的第一部宪法是,1954,年颁布的，现行宪法是,1982,年颁布的。,Britain does not have written constitution.,英国没有成文的宪法。,Text A,Notes,8.,obligation,n,.,the fact that you are obliged to do something,o,blige,v.,to force someone to do something,or to make it necessary for someone to do something,It is your legal obligation to make sure that your children receive proper,education.,确保子女接受适当的教育是你的法定义务。,The law obliges adult children to provide decent life for their parents,，,while the elderly needs company and love more.,法律规定成年子女有赡养父母的义务，而老爸老妈更需要关爱和陪伴。,Text A,Notes,9.economy,n,.,the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made and used,China has become the second largest economy in the world.,中国已成为世界第二大经济体。,Tourism as the pillar economy contributes a lot to the local finance,both in Hainan and Yunnan provinces.,不论在海南还是在云南省，旅游业都是支柱经济，为地方财政做出,了巨大贡献。,Text A,Notes,10,.ideological,adj,.,based on or relating to a particular set of ideas or beliefs,T,here must be some ideological differences between people from,different cultural backgrounds.,来自于不同文化背景的人必然有一些意识形态上的差异。,He never plays with them due to ideological reasons.,由于意识形态的原因，他从来不与他们玩。,Text A,Key Sentences,1,.,The law established requirements and deadlines for attaining universal education,tailored to local conditions,and guaranteed school-age children the right to receive at least nine years of education.,tailor to,适合,You can rest assured,w,e,tailor any,of,our products to your companys specific needs.,请放心，我们,可以根据贵公司的特定需求定制产品。,Whatever policies issued should be tailored to local conditions and aim to a healthier,and better life of the residents.,不管出台什么政策都应该适应当地的情形，并且要令当地的居民获得更美好、健,康的生活。,Text A,Key Sentences,2.,All male citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have an,obligation,to,enlist in the army,regardless of,ethnic background,occupation,family history,religious beliefs,or education.,r,egardless of,不考虑,She married a foreigner regardless of her parents opposition.,The new policy was put into effect regardless of several defects not,attended.,This position is open to all,regardless of gender and previous working,experience.,Try to live a happy life regardless of how strong the wind is and how,hard the others treat you.,Text A,Key Sentences,3.,China,in every aspect,is now marching,in confident strides,towards the Second Centenary Goal of building a great modern socialist country.,i,n confident strides,迈开自信的步伐,On,this special occasion,it is my honor to declare on behalf of the Party and the people that through the continued efforts of the whole Party and the entire nation,we have realized the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.This means that we have brought about a historic resolution to the problem of absolute poverty in China,and we are now,marching in confident strides,toward the second centenary goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.,在,这里，我代表党和人民庄严宣告，经过全党全国各族人民持续奋斗，我们实现了第一个百年奋斗目标，在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，正在,意气风发,向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进,。,(,选自习近平在,庆祝,中国共产党成立,100,周年大会上的,讲话,）,Text A,I.Answer the following questions in English.,1.,List some basic social values in Chinese society.,Harmony,means proper and balanced coordination between things and encompasses rationale,propriety,and compatibility.The value of harmony advocates harmony but not uniformity.Indirect action is a tribute to Confucius,a way to preserve harmony.Social harmony is achieved through moral conducts,controlling emotions,avoiding conflicts even competition.Thus,in relationships things are suggested,not told straight away.Benevolence,the core value of Confucianism,extends from the importance of familial ties and blood connections.This benevolence extends to friendships and social relationships,producing a full set of values that include justice,courtesy,wisdom,honesty,loyalty,self-discipline,and commitment.,Text A,2.,Write a short passage about the social structure in ancient China.,Social,structure was very important in ancient China.The Chinese believed in strict social groups and people were expected to behave according to their social position.The social classes of ancient China can be classified into four major categories.These were Shi,Nong,Gong,and Shang.,Text A,3.,What is the relationship between society and culture in composition?,Culture,and society are co-existent.One does not or cannot exist without the other.Culture and society may have some common elements but the two are not the samethey are not identical.,The essential,difference is that society is composed of people while culture consists of knowledge,ideas,customs,traditions,folkways,beliefs,skills,institutions,organizations,and artifacts.,Text A,II.Explain the following words and expressions in English.,1.,hierarchy,A,hierarchy is an organizational structure in which items are ranked according to levels of importance.Most governments,corporations,and organized religions are hierarchical.,Text A,2.,Project,Hope,Project,Hope is a Chinese public service project started on October 30th,1989.It aims to bring schooling into poverty-stricken rural areas of China and to help children whose families are too poor to complete elementary school education.,Text A,3.,Shi,Shi,refers to the gentry scholars in ancient Zhou and Shang dynasties.Earlier these were the people who were known for their warrior skills,but later on,people started recognizing their knowledge,scholarship,and administration abilities.,Text A,4.,Nong,Nong,was comprised of the peasant and farmers.Although they did not enjoy the privileges that the Shi class was given,farmers were considered as the valuable members of society.These were landholders and were responsible for producing food and crops for themselves and the society.,Text A,5.,Gong,Gong,was composed of the craftsmen and artisans.This was also a wealthy class but was not considered as a good class in the social structure and hence was not given privileges and rights as compared to the higher classes.,Text A,III.Match the following words and expressions with the,correct Chinese.,Text A,III.Match the following words and expressions with the,correct Chinese.,Text A,IV.Translate the following sentences into English.,1,.,社会结构在中国古代处于重要地位。根据职业、住所等不同因素，人们被分至不同的 社会阶层。每人的一言一行都要与他们的社会地位相符。,1.,Social structure was very important in ancient China.Chinese people divided themselves into different social classes according to many different factors like occupations and habitations.They were expected to behave according to their social positions.,Text A,2,.,中国古代的社会阶级分为四类：士农工商。这一等级划分按照不同阶层的重要性而排 列。等级越高，责任越大，社会价值越大；等级越低，社会价值越小。,2.,The social classes of ancient China can be classified into four major categories:Shi,Nong,Gong,and Shang.The Chinese social hierarchy was designed in order of the importance of the particular classes for the society.The higher ranks exhibited more responsibilities and value towards the society and the lower ranks exhibited relatively less value towards the society.,Text B,Notes,1.voluntary,adj,.,done,made,or given willingly,without being forced or paid to do it,v,olunteer n./,v.,a,v,oluntary worker,Our school made March 5 as our Voluntary Workers Day.Many students,participated the activities.,我们学校把,3,月,5,日定为我们自己的自愿者日。很多同学都参加了活动。,I volunteered myself for the role of a tree in the,play Snow White and the,Seven Dwarfs.,我自告奋勇要在,白雪公主和七个小矮人,这部剧中扮演一棵树。,Text B,Notes,2.attendance,n.,the fact of going somewhere,such as a church,school,etc.,regularly,the number of people who go,to an event,meeting,etc.,He was fired because of his poor attendance in the last three months.,由于过去三个月他很少去上班，所以被辞退了。,The attendances at lectures dropped sharply,because many students found it,too difficult and quitted it.,听讲座的人数急剧下降，因为很多同学发现课程太难了，就放弃了。,Text B,Notes,pulsory,adj,.,s,omething must be done because of a rule or law,It is compulsory to wear the seat belt while driving,according to the,traffic law.The sign on the highway“Click it,or ticket”is a,wonderful way to remind the drivers to abide by the law.,交通法规定司机驾驶汽车时必须系安全带。高速公路上的标识,“系好安全带，否则罚单来”就能很好地提醒司机们遵守交通法规。,He got all As for the compulsory courses.,所有的必修课他都是优秀。,Text B,Notes,4.meritocratic,adj.,relating to a social system in which peoples success or power is related to their abilities,We are building a more open,，,more tolerate and more meritocratic company,culture.,我们正在建设一种更,加,开放、更加包容、更加唯才是用的企业文化。,A,modern,meritocraticeducation system needs to be much more flexible,and,agile to respond to the needs of every child.,一个现代的精英教育体系应该更加灵活，能应对每个孩子的需求。,Text B,Notes,5.,all-round,adj,.,u,sed to say that a person has many different types of skills and abilities,Jane:How do you like your school?,David:I do not like it at all.,Jane:Why?,David:Both teachers and students focus on scores too much,rather than an all-round way of development.,Jane:Poor you!,Text B,Notes,6,.,c,ricket,n.,a sport in which two teams of eleven players try to get points by hitting a small,hard ball with a bat,and running between two sets of small wooden posts,The,E,ngland cricket team is currently the first position in the tournament.,英国板球队目前处于锦标赛的第一名的位置。,He is a professional cricket player.,他是一名职业板球运动员。,Text B,Notes,7.rugby,n,.,a sport where two teams try to score points by carrying an oval ball across a particular line or kicking it over and between an H-shaped set of posts,The old man stood on the touchline the whole morning watching the boys play,rugby.,这位老爷爷整个上午都站在场边观看男孩子们玩橄榄球。,It is not a common practice for rugby players to question the referees decisions.,橄榄球,运动员通常不会质疑裁判的,判决。,Text B,Notes,8.codify,v,.,to arrange something,such as laws or rules,into a system,As we built the team,we realized that we need,to codify the characteristics,that we wanted the team to,embody.,当我们建设这个团队的时候，我们意识到要将团队的特色体系化。,The first thing we need to know is to codify feasible budgetary targets for,this year.,我们需要完成的第一件事就是编制可行的本年的预算目标。,Text B,Notes,9.vein,n,.,a tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body,I saw some body builders on TV,who are so overdeveloped that the veins in,their bulging muscles are clearly seen.,我在电视上看到一些健身运动员，他们练得过头了，在高高鼓起的肌肉,下血管清晰可见。,The wisdom in doing business runs in every vein of this family.,做生意的智慧在这个家族每个人的身上流淌。,Text B,Notes,10.tournament,n,.,a competition for teams or single players in which a series of games is played,and the winners of each game play against each other until only one winner is left,Without and anxiety and worry,he said that if he will not be,defeated in the first round of the tournament,he wins.,他云淡风轻地说，只要第一场不被打败，他就算赢了。,The figure skating tournament which will start from June 6 will,be a visual feast.,即将从六月六号开始的花样滑冰锦标赛将是一场视觉盛宴。,Text,B,Key Sentences,1.Grammar schools are generally more academic,while the secondary modern schools are more,vocational.,v,ocational,职业的,Some students support the idea that they should get some vocational education,before graduating from college.,Some people have the stereotype that vocational schools are for those students,who can not learn well.,Text,B,Key Sentences,2,.,It was here that the concepts of,sportsmanship,and fair play,were first,codified,into,clear rules and regulations.It was here that sport was included as an educational tool in the school curriculum.”,.,s,portsmanship,体育精神,Sportsmanship and fair play have always been developed and expanded.,be codified into,被编入,The,new government promised to codify the,laws,，,which is quite inspiring.,Text,B,Key Sentences,3.,Rugby is played throughout the UK.Although football seems to run in every English,vein,there are also a lot of sports that,flourish,in the UK.,f,lourish,繁荣，茁壮成长,Jane