人教版英语七下unit.doc

初一英语一对一个性化辅导
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

【主要语法】情态动词
一、 知识点
1、情态动词概述：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
2、 常见的情态动词：can, may, must, need, shall等
3、 情态动词的肯定形式：主语+can/ may/ must… +动词原形+….（情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形。）
4、否定式构成：主语+can/ may/ must… + not+动词原形+….
5、疑问式构成：Can/ May/ Must… + 主语+动词原形+….？
二、重点：常见情态动词的用法
1. can的用法：
（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】 —Is that girl under the tree Mary?
—No, that ______be Mary. She is in New York.
A. can B. mustn’t C. can’t
【解析】根据下文“她在纽约”可知，应为“不可能”，can’t表示推测[答案]
2.may的用法：
（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：
May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？
You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。
【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3?—Sure . Here you are.
A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would
【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做……可以吗”。　答案：A
(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。
如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.
(3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.
他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。
(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V
例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！
3. must的用法：
(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？
（2）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗
(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。
4.need的用法：
（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，否定回答don’t have to。如：—Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes, you must .是的。—No. you /don’t have to.不，你不必。
(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要马上做这件事。
He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。
5.shall的用法：
shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？
在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。
(1).用“Let's do...”来提出建议。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.
(2).用“What/How about...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?
(3).用“Why not...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Why not...?”实际上是“Why don't you/we...?”的简略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?
(4).用“Would you like...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?　Would you like to go and see her?
因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim?　Let's go for a swim，shall we?　What about/How about going swimming?　Why not go for a swim?　Would you like to go for a swim?　What do you think of going for a swim?
三、难点：易混的情态动词
易混点一: can和be able to:
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。
易混点二:can和may
1. can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？　
2. can和may表示可能性时的区别：
1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must
3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿？That can’t be true.那不可能是真的。
易混点三: may be和maybe
　　 用法区别 常用位置
may be may为情态动词，be为动词原形 句中，作谓语
maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语
例如：He may be wrong , but I’m not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。
易混点四：must和have to
1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
四、考点：
1、易混情态动词的区别用法
2、 含有情态动词的疑问句
(1). 由 can、may、must构成的疑问句
句式： Can/ May/ Must… + 主语+动词原形+….？
如： Can you repair the car? 你会修小汽车吗？
Could he be a good student? 他能是名好学生吗？
May I borrow your ruler? 我可以借你的尺子吗？
Must we clean the room now?我们必须现在
（2） 对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式： Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.
（3） 对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：
Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.
3、 情态动词表推测
考题精选
1.You ________ stop when the traffic light turns red.
A. can B. had better C. need D. must
2. — Mum, must I stay there the whole day?
— No, you____________. You____________come back after lunch, if you like.
A. mustn't; can B. needn't; must C. needn't; may
3.“Whose notebook is this?” “It _______ Jim’s. It has his name on it.”
A. can’t be B. must be C. can be
4. There's enough time for you to go to the airport. You______ hurry now.
A. should B. needn't C. must D. can't
5.—Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?
—No, you ____.
A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
6. —Is that your teacher?
—That_____be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not
7. — I swim here?
— I'm sorry. Children swim alone here.
A. Must; can't B. May; must C. Can; mustn't D. Can't; can
8. —Is that girl under the tree Mary?
—No, that ______be Mary. She is in New York.
A. can B. mustn’t C. can’t
9.— Shall we take a taxi?
— No, we . It’s not far from here.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C, shouldn’t D. needn’t
10. — Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?
—No, you . All of us will go on an outing.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
11. —I hear you’ve got a new iPhone 4S. ______ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly.
A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should
12.The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!
A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t D. can
13. —Must I do my homework now, Mum?
— . You can do it tomorrow.
A. No, you needn’t B. No, you mustn’t
C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must
14.— Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic?
— I’m not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.
A. need B. can C. may D. shall
15.In Britain, you ____ be 18 if you want to drive a car.
  A.can   B.must   C.may   D.might
【重点词汇用法解析】
1、play 的用法
play 表示“玩（球类）” 时，名词前不加任何冠词。
play basketball play soccer
‚play 表示“演奏，弹奏（乐器）”时，表示乐器的名词前需带定冠词the.
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他
练习：1. Do you like play ____tennis?
A.a B.the C.an D.the
2. -Do you often play____soccer with your friends?
--No,I often play ____piano in my free time .
A.a;the B.the ;/ C./;the D.the ;a
2、join 的用法：
加入某一组织，并成为其中的一员。
Do you like to join the English club? 你愿意加入英语俱乐部吗？
‚join sb “加入某些人中，和某人共同做某事”
Come and join us. 来加入到我们中吧。
ƒjoin sb in sth 加入到某人的活动中。
She likes to join us in the game .她喜欢加入到我们的游戏中。
练习：1.Tom likes football.He wants____the ____club. 汤姆喜欢足球，他要参加足球俱乐部。
2. Look .They are dancing. Let’s ____ ______.(让我们和他们一块吧）

3. help 名词或动词“帮助，帮忙”
help sb with sth (在某方面帮助某人）with 后接名词或代词。
Can you help me with my English?
‚help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事，在该句中to 可以省略。
Please help us study English . 请帮助我学习英语。
Can you help us find him. 你能帮助我们找到他吗？
练习：1.Xiao Li often ___his mother ___housework.
A.helps ;to B.help;to C.helps;with D.help;with
2. He often helps his mother do the housework.(改为同义句）
He often____his mother ____the housework.
4、be good with 和.....相处得好。
Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗？
My teacher is good with us. 我的老师和我们相处得很好。
练习：My friend is good ____me.
A. for B.with C.at D.on
拓展：英语中有很多类似be good with 的短语
be good for ....对....有好处的 be good at （doing）sth 擅长做某事。
be bad for ...对....有害的
5、speak English 说英语
speak+语言“说某种语言” speak Chinese/English. 说汉语/英语
拓展：say talk 和tell 的辨析
say 意为“说....”，后面接说的内容，也可接to do ,表示对某人说.....”
He says sorry to me .
‚talk “交谈，谈话”一般做不及物动词。talk with/to sb “与某人交谈”
talk about sth “谈论某事”
They often talk about the game .他们经常谈论比赛。
ƒtell “讲述，告诉”侧重中传达
Don’t tell him the news. 别把这个消息告诉他。
My father often tell me a story .我爸爸经常给我讲故事。
6、call sb at 拨打某个电话号码找某人。 at 后常接电话号码。其中call是动词。意为“打电话”。延伸：call做名词时，常用短语：give sb a call 给某人打电话。
Please call Zhan Heng at 622-6033.
7、show
做动词，意为“给....看，展示，出示”
Show sb sth “把某物给某人看”
Can you show me your new schoolbag? 我可以看看你的新书包吗？
‚用作名词，意为“表演，展览”
a school show 学校演出。 a car show 汽车展览会 a flower show 花卉展览
8、a little 有一点，稍微
a little 一点（不多），表示数量，与some，much,a lot of (许多）相对，修饰不可数名词。
There is a little milk in the glass.杯子里有些水。
‚它相当于一个程度副词，与very,very much 相对，修饰形容词，副词或动词。
Swimming is a little interesting. 有用有点有趣。
9.Can you play the piano or the violin? 你会弹钢琴还是会拉小提琴？
该句是一个选择疑问句。选择疑问句就是用or 连接的可供选择的疑问句。
注意：选择疑问句回答时不能用yes 或No,回答。
Is this pen yours or hers?
--It’s hers.
Can you play the piano or the violin?
--The piano.
【重点短语】
play the guitar 弹吉他 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the drums 敲鼓
speak English 说英语 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 be good with和...相处得很好。
make friends 交朋友 talk to ....跟...说 on the weekend 在周末
music teacher wanted .招聘音乐老师
【课堂练习】
一． 单选题
1. --Can you ____. --Yes.I am in the art club now.
A. swim B.paint C.dance D.sing
2. --Can you play the guitar? --Yes,but I can’t play it very ____.
A. bad B.badly C.good D.well
3. --Can you speak English ? --Yes,but only ____.
A. many B.a little C.some D.much
4. --Do you like your English teacher? --Yes.She is good ____us.
A. for B.on C.with D.at
5 .Are you a student ___a teacher? --I am a student.
A. or B.and C.but D.so
6. --Can you ___me with my English? --OK.
A. learn B.speak C.teach D.help
7. Make can play ____piano.He can join the music club.
A. a B the C / D.an
8. Do you often play ___soccer with your friends?
A. a B.the C.an D./
9. Lucy often ____her mother _____the housework.
A. helps;to B.help;to C.helps;with D.help;with
10. ---____I try on (试穿）those shoes? --____.They are just on show.
A. Can;Yes,you can B.Can;Sorry,you don’t
C. Can; Sorry;you can’t D. Can; Yes,you could.
11.There is only ____milk in the glass.Can you go to the store to buy some for me ?
A. little B.a little C.many D.a few
12.---____do you like comedies?
Because they are interesting?
A. When B.Where C.Why D.What
13.What can you do ?--I can ______.
A. play the guitar B.play violin C.play the football D.play a guitar.
14.Why doesn’t Tom ____the conversation?
A. join B.take part C.join in D.join to
15.--Kate,can you dance the disco? ---Yes,I _____.
A. may B. can C.must D.do
16.--Who is _____man in a black hat?
--It’s Jim Brown.We often play____basketball together in our free time.
A. an;a B.a;/ C.the ; a D.the ;/
17.May I park my car here,sir?--_____.You may park it over there .
A. Yes, you may B. Yes, you can C.No,you needn’t D.No, you mustn’t.
18.---Hello,may I speak to Sandy? --_________.
A. Yes,I’m Rose B. I’ll call back again
C.Yes, I can’t hear you D.This is Sandy speaking.
19.Are you a student or a teacher?--___________.
A.Yes, I am. B.No,I ‘m not C. I’m a student D.She is a teacher.
20.How is your school trip?--Great.I can ____you the photos.
A make B.find C.show D. buy
二、句型转换：
1. Do you like apples? Do you like bananas?(变为选择疑问句）
Do you ____apples____bananas?
2. Mary can play the violin.（变为一般疑问句）
____ _____play the violin?
3. We need some help.(变为否定句）
We ____need ____help.
4. The boy can sing English songs.(变为否定句）
The boy ____ ____English songs.
5. Can Lucy swim?(作肯定回答）
Yes,____ _____.
三、完形填空：
Jennifer is very well-known at school.Almost everyone 1 her,because she is a versatile(多才多艺）girl.She can 2 all kinds of musical instruments(乐器）。Like the 3 ,the violin 4 the drums.So she often plays in the evening parties at school.She can also dance 5 .Many girls want to learn dancing from her.Jennifer does sports well. 6 .She is a good runner and she can play 7 well.She also likes drawing 8.She is also a good student at school.Her English is very very good. She wins the first place(第 一名）in the English speech 9 .Jennifer is such a good girl that we all 10 her.
1. A.see B.shows C.knows D.finds
2. A.do B.play C.paint D.sing
3. A.basketball B. piano C. e-mail D.band
4. A.or B.but C.and D.with
5. A.good B.little C. well D.fine
6. A.then B.too C. also D.to
7. A.the football B.the ping-pong C.the guitar D.tennis
8. A.picture B.pictures C. actor D.photos
9. A.game B.contest C.club D.address
10. A.take B.takes C.like D.likes
单元测试
一. 单词填空(10分)
1.They all come from _________(澳大利亚). 2.Can you speak _________(法语)?
3. What ________(language) does he speak? 4.This is the ________(信) from Mike to Sam. 5.She speaks English very ________(好). 6. He comes from Tokyo. He speaks J_________. 7.There are fifty states in the U__________. 8.Where are their pen ________(pal) from?
9.Where does he _______(live)? 10.He went to many ________( country) last year.
二．用动词的适当形式填空(10分)
1. Jim’s parents _________(not watch) TV on Sundays.
2. She_______(stay) at home and has a good rest.
3. Are they reading or_______(write)?
4. Uncle Wang asks us _______(fly) kites with him.
5. They all______ (come) from foreign countries.
三．句型转换(２0分)
1. your, pen, from, where, pal, is(?)(连词成句) _________________________________________
2.does, what, she, speak, language(?)(连词成句) _________________________________________
3.I like French very much.(改为一般疑问句) ______ ______ ______ French very much?
4.My pen pal is from America.(对画线提问) ______ _____ ______ pen pal from?
5.I can’t speak French . I think.(合并为一句 I _____ _____ I ______ speak French.
6.He comes from Canada.(改为否定) He ______ ______ from Canada.
7.Cindy and Jack come from Australia.（改为一般疑问句） _______ Cindy and Jack ______ from Australia?
8. Mary lives in Tokyo.(对画线提问) _______ _____ Mary _______?
9.Jim gets an email from Kate.(改为一般疑问句) ______ Jim______ an email from Kate?
10.She can speak Japanese.(改为一般疑问句) _______ she _____ Japanese?
四．用适当的词替换句中画线部分(10分)
( )1