Gsm呼叫流程PPT.ppt

<p><span id="_baidu_bookmark_start_0" style="display: none; line-height: 0px;">‍</span>My Text(18#,宋体,半角),text(16#,宋体,半角),text(14#,宋体,半角),text(14#宋体,半角),text(14#宋体,半角),Title of the Slide(24#,宋体,粗体,半角,),GSM,呼叫流程,目的和内容,目的,介绍,GSM,正常的呼叫流程（空中接口、,A-,bis,接口和,A,接口）,介绍部分常见的异常中断的流程,内容,GSM,网络协议介绍,GSM,逻辑信道介绍,无线链路建立流程（,Radio and Link Establishment Procedure）,TCH,正常分配流程（,Normal Assignment Procedure）,主叫流程（,Originating Call）,被叫流程（,Terminating Call）,位置更新流程（,Location Updating）,切换流程（,Handover,Procedure）,呼叫释放流程（,Call Release Procedure）,信道释放流程（,Channel Release Procedure）,GSM,协议层数,无线网络优化主要关心第三层的信令,无线网络优化主要关心,DTAP、RSL,的信令,无线网络优化主要关心,DTAP、BSSMAP,和部分,SCCP,的信令,DTAP,RSL,OML,GSM,网络协议,Layer 3,介绍,RR:,无线资源管理（,Radio Resource Management）,由,MS、BTS,和,BSC,控制,功能举例,Paging,管理（,Paging Management）,加密管理（,Ciphered Mode Management）,频点分配（,Frequency Redefinition）,信道分配（,Dedicated Channel Assignment）,切换（,Handover,Management）,测量和功率控制（,Measures and Power Control）,MM:,移动性管理（,Mobility Management）,由,MS,和,MSC/VLR,控制,功能举例,鉴权和身份识别（,Authentication/Identification Procedures）,位置更新（,Location Updating）,IMSI Attach/Detach,GSM,网络协议,CC:,呼叫控制（,Call Control）,由,MS,和,MSC,控制,功能举例,呼叫处理和路由（,Call processing and routing）,双音多频（,DTMF Facilities）,短消息服务（,Short Message Service）,附加服务（,Supplementary Service）,GSM,网络协议,呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道,PCH,寻呼信道（,Paging Channel）,RACH,随机接入信道（,Random Access Channel）,AGCH,接入认可信道（,Access Grant Channel）,SDCCH,独立专用控制信道（,Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel）,SACCH,慢联系控制信道（,Slow Associated Channel）,TCH,话务信道（,Traffic Channel）,FACCH,快联系控制信道（,Fast Associated Control Channel）,GSM,呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道,PCH,RACH,AGCH,SDCCH+SACCH,TCH/FACCH+SACCH,定义,手机与网络间建立一个无线链路,，用于信令传送,包括以下四个步骤,Paging,过程（,Paging Procedure）（,仅用于被叫流程中）,随机接入过程（,Random Access Procedure）,立即分配过程（,Immediate Assignment Procedure）,SCCP,联接建立过程（,SCCP Connection Establishment Procedure）,当手机需要与网络发生联系时，必须要先建立无线链路和,A,接口的信令连接,无线链路建立流程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Channel Request,Channel Required,Channel Activation（SD）,Channel Act,Ack,（SD）,Immediate Assignment,Command,UI,Imm,Assignment/,Imm,Ass,Ext,ST9103,ET9103,ST3126,ET3126,ST3101,SABM L3 Info,Est Ind,L3 Info,SCCP Con,Rqrd,L3,SCCP,Conn,Confirm,ET3101,ST9105,ET9105,UA L3 Info,（,RACH）（,Est,Cause，,Rnd Nbr,）,（,Est,Cause，,Rnd Nbr,，TA）,RACH_TA_Filtering,（,TA，BS/MS_,TxPwr,-Max，,Chann,）,Timer；,S-Start；,E-End,Entity,信令消息,空中接口,Abis,接口,A,接口,（,Rnd,Nbr,，TDMA Frame,Nbr,，Chan，TA）,（,AGCH）,同时对两个,MS,分配,SDCCH,（,SDCCH）,BSC,开始对,MS,发出的上行,DTAP,消息排队（如,CM,Serv,Abort,消息）。如果收到,MS,发出的,Classmark,Change,消息，,BSC,会在,SCCP,连接完成后发,Classmark,Update,消息给交换机,如,CM,Serv Req,，,Pag Res,，,Loc,Update,Req,等,Set Asynchronous Balance Mode。,在任何新信道登陆时均会有,SABM,过程,Unnumbered,Ack,无线链路建立流程,无线链路建立流程,异常情况,对不同的呼叫类型有不同的等待时间：,WI_EC/CR/OC/OP.(OP,主要指,LU,被叫没有相应等待时间),SDCCH,拥塞,如果,BSC,在收到,Channel Required,时，相应小区没有空闲的,SDCCH，BSC,将会,如果小区参数,En_,Imm,_Ass_,Rej,=“True”，,则发,Immediately Assignment Reject,否则忽略,Channel Required,消息,T9103,超时,BSC,发,RF Channel Release,消息到,BTS,BSC,收到,Channel Activation,NAck,消息,BSC,内部释放,BTS,的相应无线信道,(,没有任何消息在,Abis,接口上传送,),T3101,超时,Layer 3,无法建立,BSC,发,RF Channel Release,到,BTS,T9105,超时,BSC,通过呼叫释放过程（,Call Release Procedure）,释放原先建立的,SDCCH,连接,在,A,接口,，,BSC,向,MSC,发,SCCP,释放请求,在,RF,部分,，,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,仅在,BSC,内部资源表中释放，在,Abis,上没有信令传送,当信道激活不成功时触发的,BTS RF Chan,Rel,不包含,Phys,Cont Req,过程,BSC,收到,Establish Indication,消息，但消息中不含,Layer 3 Information,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Abis,上的其它异常中断消息的处理,BSC,收到,Error Indication,Cause,为:,“,T200 Expiry”:,监视,SABM,和,UA,过程,“,Unsolicited DM Response”(,发生在,Disconnect,过程中）,“,Sequence Error”,释放：,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,BSC,收到,Connection Failure indication(Cause:Radio Link Failure),在,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Release Indication,当收到手机发出的,DISC,消息,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,无线链路建立流程,异常情况,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Authentication,Req,Ciphering Mode,Cmd,Authentication,Req,Authentication,Req,Authentication,Resp,Authentication,Resp,Authentication,Resp,Encryption Command,Ciphering Mode,Cmd,Ciphering Mode,Cmp,Ciphering Mode,Cmp,Ciphering Mode,Cmp,TMSI,Realloc Cmd,TMSI,Realloc Cmd,TMSI,Realloc Cmd,TMSI,Realloc Cmp,TMSI,Realloc Cmp,TMSI,Realloc Cmp,Authentication,Ciphering,TMSI,Realloc,ST3260,ET3260,*,Authentication Reject*,Identification,Identification Request,ST3270,ET3270,Identification Request,Identification Request,Identification Response,Identification,Resp,Identification Response,ST3250,ET3250,（,RAND）,（,SRES）,RAND,与,Ki,经过,A3,算法得到,SRES；,经过,A8,算法得到,Kc,比较,SRES,（,IMSI）,选择加密算法,（,Permitted,Alg,，,Kc,）,准备解密接收,（,Alg,，,Kc,）,（,Alg,（A5,算法）,开始加密发射和解密接收,如正确解密接收，则下条消息加密发射,已加密的消息,（,TMSI）,VLR,从,HLR,处得到,RAND/SRES/,Kc,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,鉴权过程中的异常情况,鉴权失败,如果鉴权过程中使用,TMSI，,网络将启动身份识别过程。如果手机送上来的,IMSI,与,VLR,中,TMSI,所对应的,IMSI,不一致，则重新进行鉴权,如果鉴权过程中已经使用,IMSI，,则网络发,Authentication Reject,消息。这个,SIM,将被认为是无权的,T3260,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发鉴权请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,身份识别过程中的异常情况,T3270,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发身份识别请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,TMSI,重新分配过程中的异常情况,T3250,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发,TMSI,重新分配请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,异常情况,定义,分配,TCH,的过程,特殊情况,排队（,Queuing）,直接重试（,Directed Retry）,TCH,分配过程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Channel Activation TCH,SABM(FACCH),Channel Activation,Ack,.,Assignment Command,Assignment Command,Assignment Request,Physical Context Request,Physical Context Confirm,Establish Indication,UA,Assignment Complete,Assignment Complete,Assignment,Cmp,RF Channel Release(SD),RF Channel Release,Ack,.,STrr1,ETrr1,ST9108,ET9108,ST9103,ET9103,ST3107,ET3107,（,Chn,Type，Priority，CIC，DL DTX，Queuing Flag）,（,TA，MS/BS_,TxPwr,）,（,SDCCH）,（,TA，MS/BS_,TxPwr,）,（,MA，TS，HSN，MAIO，MS_,TxPwr,）,占用,TCH,时，如需传送信令，则通过,Stealing Flag,将,TCH,转换成,FACCH,一般情况下，在,RF,信道释放前都有,Physical Context,Req,过程,TCH,分配过程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,SABM(FACCH),Channel Activation,HO CMD,Assignment Request,Physical Con,Req,Chan.Act.,Ack,.,HO Detection,UA,Phys.Info,Assignment,Cmp,ST11,ST3103,Queuing Indication,ET11,At this time,a TCH become free,TCH,拥塞和排队,Assignment Request,ST11,Queuing Indication,ET11,A,Handover,alarm is raised.,A target BTS is selected,HO CMD,HO Access,ST9103,ET9103,T,T,S,T,T,Establish Indication,T,T,HO CMP,T,HO CMP,ST3124,ET3124,ET3103,直接重试,如果,Queuing,Ind,=True,或,Queuing_Anyway=True。（,当,Queuing _Anyway,时,T11_Forced,取代,T11,TCH,分配过程,排队和直接重试,TCH,拥塞情况,不允许排队或队列已满,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Assignment Failure No Radio Resource Available,呼叫进入队列，但,T11,时间内没有,TCH,空出,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Clear Request No Radio Resource Available,呼叫被优先级更高的呼叫挤出队列,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Assignment Failure No Radio Resource Available”,T9108,超时,:,BTS,对,physical context request,没有响应,之后的,Channel Activation,消息中将不带,TA,和手机及,BTS,的发射功率信息,T9103,超时,:,Channel Activation,没有回应,A,接口上,BSC,发,Assignment Failure Radio Interface Failure,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,TCH,分配过程,异常情况,BSC,收到,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,消息,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,有以下几种原因:,Channel Already Activated(CAA):BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Radio Resource Not Available(RRNA)-Protocol error (PE):BSC,内部释放,Requested,transcoding,rate not supported(RTRNS):BSC,内部释放,Encryption algorithm not implemented(EANI):BSC,内部释放,O&amp;M Intervention(OI):BSC,内部释放,在,A,接口上发,Assignment Failure,消息,对于收到,Chnav Neg Ack,原因为,EANI,的情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Ciphering Algorithm not supported,其它情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Radio Interface Failure,TCH,分配过程,异常情况,在原来的信道上（如,SDCCH,信道）收到,Assignment Failure,消息,手机收到,Assignment Command,后，在新信道上发,SABM,消息,，,BTS,收到后向手机发,UA,消息。但可能由于空中接口原因，手机没有收到,UA,消息。手机尝试,N200,次均未成功。,手机将会回到原来的信道,。,并发,Assignment Failure,消息,BSC,收到该消息后在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure Reversion to Old Channel,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,Assignment Command,的内容有误,手机发现,Assignment Command,消息中内容有误，手机发,Assignment Failure,消息到,BSC,BSC,收到该消息后在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure Reversion to Old Channel,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,T3107,超时,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface Message Failure”，,并开始,T9110,计时,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新老信道,MSC,向,BSC,发,Clear Command,消息（呼叫释放），并停止,T9110,一般情况下，交换机收到该消息后发,DISC（temp fail）,TCH,分配过程,异常情况,直接重试中的异常情况,没有,Candidate cell,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“No Radio Resource Available”,Channel Activation,过程中,T9103,超时,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface Failure”,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,消息,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,有以下几种原因,:,Channel Already Activated(CAA):BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Radio Resource Not Available(RRNA)-Protocol error (PE):BSC,内部释放,Requested,transcoding,rate not supported(RTRNS):BSC,内部释放,Encryption algorithm not implemented(EANI):BSC,内部释放,O&amp;M Intervention(OI):BSC,内部释放,在,A,接口上发,Assignment Failure,消息,对于收到,Chnav Neg Ack,原因为,EANI,的情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Ciphering Algorithm not supported,其它情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Radio Interface Failure,TCH,分配过程,异常情况,T3103,超时,:,没有收到,HO Failure,或,HO Complete,消息,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface message Failure”,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息，释放新老信道,收到手机发来的,HO Failure,消息,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Reversion to Old Channel”,消息,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,Abis,上的其它异常中断消息的处理,BSC,收到,Connection Failure,Indicaiton,消息,Cause,为:,“,Radio Interface Failure”:,无线链路超时引起的释放,释放：,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Error Report,消息,BSC,收到,Error Indication,消息,BSC,收到,Release Indication,消息,A,中继信道拥塞或不可用情况,TCH,分配过程,异常情况,主叫过程（非,OACSU,情况）,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Proceeding,ESTIN(CM_,Serv,_,Req,),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Proceeding,Call Proceeding,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Speech,CM_,Serv,_,Req,Off Air Call Setup,（,called party,nbr,）,先建立,TCH，,再接通,B,侧信道。,Alerting,在,TCH,上发送,（,CM,Serv,Type，Mobile ID，Classmark2，Priority，）,SDCCH,TCH,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Proceeding,ESTIN(CM_,Serv,_,Req,),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Proceeding,Call Proceeding,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Speech,CM_,Serv,_,Req,SDCCH,TCH,先接通,B,侧信道，再建立,TCH。Alerting,在,SDCCH,上发送,主叫过程（,OACSU,情况）,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Confirmed,ESTIN(Paging,Resp,),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Confirmed,Call Confirmed,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Connect,Ack,.,Speech,Paging Response,Paging,Paging Command,Paging Request,ST3113,ET3113,Paging Group,的个数（,N）：,由,BS_AG_BLKS_RES,和,BS_PA_MFRMS,决定;,MS,的,Paging Group=(IMSI mod 1000)mod N;MS,只监听自己对应的,Paging Group,的,Paging,Req,消息,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI），Cell ID（LAC/LAC+CI）,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI），Paging Group）,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI）,（,最多可同时发4个,TMSI）,（,Mobile ID，Classmark2，Priority，）,（,calling party,nbr,）,被叫过程,T3113,超时,如果,T3113,超时，,Paging Response,消息没有收到，网络会重发,Paging,消息，并重新开始,T3113,计时。重试的次数在交换机中定义。,Paging,失败,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Clear CMD,ESTIN(,Loc,Up,Req,),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,TMSI,Realloc,Procedure,Loc,Up Accept,Channel Release,Deactivate SACCH,DISC,Release Indication,UA,RF,Ch,Release,Loc,Up,Req,Loc,Up Accept,Loc,Up Accept,Channel Release,RF,Ch,Release,Ack,Clear CMP,ST3210,ET3210,（,LU Type，MS ID，LAI，Classmark1，）,位置更新过程,切换分为,小区内切换（,IntraCell,Internal,Handover,）:,切换原因,(,按优先级排序,),Cause 15&amp;16,干扰切换,(,High level interference on UL or DL).,Cause 10&amp;11:,同心圆内圆电平过低而向外园切换（,Too low level,inner zone(inner to outer zone HO,concentric cell)(UL&amp;DL)）,Cause 13:,同心圆外圆电平较高时向内圆切换（,Too high level on the UL and DL,outer zone(outer to inner zone HO,concentric cell)）,BSC,内部小区间切换（,Intercell,Internal,Handover,）,切换原因(按优先级排序),Cause 7:,微小区,BadSACCH,切换（,Several consecutive Bad SACCH frames received(rescue,microcell,HO)）,Cause 17&amp;18:,微小区高门限切换（,Too low level in a,microcell,compared to a high threshold(UL&amp;DL)）,Cause 2&amp;4:,质量切换（,Too Low Quality(UL&amp;DL)）,Cause 3&amp;5:,电平切换（,Too Low Level(UL&amp;DL)）,Cause 6:,太长距离且换（,Too long MS-BS distance）,Cause 22:,扩站小区外小区太短距离切换（,Too short MS-BS distance）,Cause20:,强制直接重试（,Forced Direct Retry）,Cause25:GPRS,重定向（,GPRS Redirection）,切换过程,Cause 21:Preferred Band,切换（,High level in neighbor cell in the preferred band）,Cause 14:,宏小区到微小区切换（,High level in a neighbor,microcell,for,macrocell,to,microcell,HO.）,Cause 12:PBGT,切换（,Power Budget(Better Cell HO)）,Cause 23:,话务切换（,Traffic HO）,Cause 24:,综合捕捉切换（,General Capture HO）,同步切换,Intra,Cell,切换,部分,Internal Inter Cell,切换,异步切换,切换过程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Measurement Rep,Measurement,Res,Intra,cell,切换,Phys Context,Req,OC,OC,Phys Context,Conf,OC:Old Channel,NC:New Channel,NC,NC,Channel Activation,Ack,Channel Activation,Assignment Command,Assignment Command,OC,SABM,Establish Indication,UA,OC,NC,NC,NC,Assignment Complete,NC,Assignment Complete,Handover,Performed,RF Channel,Rel,OC,RF Channel,Rel Ack,.,OC,ST9108,ET9108,ST9103,ET9103,ST3107,ET3107,ST_RCR_ACK,ET_RCR_ACK,原信道上的,TA、MS/BS_,TxPwr,被沿用到了新的信道上,IntraCell,HO,总是用,Assignment,的过程来完成,（,HO Cause，Cell ID，,Chn,Type）,Intra,Cell,切换过程,TCH,拥塞,Intra,Cell,切换将不会发生,T9108,超时,:,BTS,对,physical context request,没有响应,之后的,Channel Activation,消息中将不带,TA,和手机及,BTS,的发射功率信息,T9103,超时,:,Channel Activation,没有回应,Intra,Cell,切换过程将终止,A,接口上不会有任何消息传送,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,BSC,收到,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,消息,Intra,Cell,切换过程将终止,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,有以下几种原因:,Channel Already Activated(CAA):BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Radio Resource Not Available(RRNA)-Protocol error (PE):BSC,内部释放,Requested,transcoding,rate not supported(RTRNS):BSC,内部释放,Encryption algorithm not implemented(EANI):BSC,内部释放,O&amp;M Intervention(OI):BSC,内部释放,A,接口上不会有任何消息传送,Intra,Cell,切换过程,异常情况,在原来的信道上（如,SDCCH,信道）收到,Assignment Failure,消息,Intra,Cell,切换过程将终止,A,接口上不会有任何消息传送,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,Assignment Command,的内容有误，手机发,Assignment Failure,消息到,BSC,Intra,Cell,切换过程将终止,A,接口上不会有任何消息传送,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,T3107,超时,BSC,在,A,接口发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Message Failure”,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新老信道,形成切换掉话,其它异常中断消息,Error Report,Connection Failure Indication,Release Indication,Error Indication,Intra,Cell,切换过程,异常情况,MS,BTS,serving,BSC,MSC,BTS,target,Meas,Report,Meas,Result,HO Alarm&amp;Candidate Cell,Phys C</p>