高中英语语法讲解与练习之主谓一致.doc

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高中英语语法之主谓一致
概述：1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致　
2) 意义上要一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义.

1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数

注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
The singer and dancer ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The singer and dancer 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, dancer 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职或多重身份时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务或身份用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.

2就近原则
当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…，Not …….but……, not only...but also...连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：
Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　
Either you or she is to go.
试区别：Nobody but Tom and Jack ( be ) going to Shanghai tomorrow.
此句中的but 为介词，故but Tom and Jack 为介词短语作Nobody的修饰语，主语为Nobody，横线上填 is.

3 就前原则
当主语后面跟有with = together with = along with = as well as, except = but( 除了……), like(像…….),beside等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.

4 谓语需用单数
1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
Every boy and every girl is having a nice speech.
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
2) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
代词作主语时看所指代的内容（代词、分数、百分数、half、most、some、all、such、the following以及主语从句作代词意义）
All is right. (一切顺利.) 　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)
Such is Chairman Xi. Such are his works（著作）.
What I need is a cup of tea. What I need are the two books.

6 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定, 如family, audience, police, cattle, crowd, class, nation, the whole city等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.
His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.
His family are having supper. 他们一家人正在吃饭.

7动词不定式或动名词V-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
When and where to go hasn’t been decided yet. 何时走、去哪里还没被决定。

8 "one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;
"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.
例如: He is one of the top students who have worked out the problem.
He is the only one of the top students who has worked out the problem.

9 A number of cnpl. are ……（许多…….）
The number of cnpl. is …… （…… 的数量）
Many a student is ……=Many students are …… = A great many students are……
Most students are…..=The majority of students are…..=Most of the students are …..
More than one student is……
One or two students are ……
One and a half cakes is ……

主谓一致练习
1. Neither of them ______ going to the cinema. Both of them _____ going to the cinema.
A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is
2. All but one _____ here just now. All that I want to say ____ this.
A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were
3. A number of students ____ gone for an outing. The number of the students ______ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is
4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk _______ turned sour (酸).
A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is
5. Each student -____ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each ______ a dictionary.
A. have; has B. has; have C. have; have D. has; has
6. There _____ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There ________ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.
A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is
7. Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong. Either you or he _______ to blame.
A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is
8. His family ______ all very well. His family _______ a “ five good” one.
A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are
9. My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough.
A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is
10. Our League secretary and monitor ______ the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.
A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are
11. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor ______ surprised at Mary’s answer.
A. have; was B. have; were C. has; was D. has; were
12. Who _____ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there?
A. are; are B. are; is C. is; are D. is; is
13. Most of the students _____ boys. Most of his money _____ spent on books.
A. are; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are
14. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police _____ searching for him.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
15. The glasses ______ mine. That pair of glasses _____ my brother’s.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
16. The news at six o’clock _____ not true. Those pieces of news _____ to be broadcasted.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, ____ taking a walk in the park now.
A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is
18. No one but Jane ______ the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ___ in the classroom at that time.
A. know; was B. knows; was C. know; were D. knows; were
19. There _______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _____ something wrong with the machine.
A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are
20. He is one of the boys who _____ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _____ never late for school.
A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is
21. What they have done ______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does ___ agree.
A. is; not B. is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not
22. Every picture except these two _______. Everything around us _____ matter.
A. have been sold; is B. have been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are
23. A woman with two children ______ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, ___ moved to Paris.
A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has
24. one sixth of our classmates _____ from peasant families. One fifth of her time ____ devoted to writing.
A. comes; is B. come; are C. come; is D. comes; are
25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _____ League members. About 40% of Jim’s income ________ to the rent (租金).
A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go
26. It is this teacher who ______ leaving for London. It is you who ____ next.
A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is
27. The population of the earth _____ increasing fast. One third of the population here _____ workers.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
28. This kind of snakes _____ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _____ hard to find.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
29. Half of the visitors _____ from Europe. Half of the fruit _____ bad.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
30. Every man worker and every woman worker _____ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _____ given a present.
A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are
31. Many a man ______ seen the wonderful film. Many men _____ seen the wonderful film.
A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have
32. Going to bed early and getting up early _____ a good habit. Singing and dancing _____ two of the things that he likes best.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
33. Such ______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements. Such ______ her words.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was
34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _____ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _____ burnt last night.
A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are
35. If anybody _____, ask him to wait. _____ there anything I can do for you?
A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is
36. Chinese _____ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people ________ brave and hard working.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
37. Little _____ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _____ done to against fight pollution.
A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been
38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _____standing at the gate? China has thousands of islands, the largest of which ____ Taiwan.
A. is; are B. is ; is C. are; is D. are; are
39. Each of the girls ____ an orange. Each ______ his duty.
A. have; has B. have; have C. has; has D. has; have
40. When we are to hold the sports meet ____ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.
A. have; don’t B. has; don’t C. have; doesn’t D. has; does’t
41. Her clothes ____ nearly worn out. His physics ______ weaker than others.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
42. Five hundred dollars ______ more than he can afford.
A. is B. are
43. Food and clothing ____ daily necessities for people.
A. is B. are
44. The United Nations ___ trying to persuade the two countries.
A. is B. are
45. Three kilometers ____ not a long distance.
A. is B. are
46. To say something _______ one thing, to do it _____ another.
A. is; is B. are; are
47. Reading English magazines and novels ____ helpful to your study of English.
A. is B. are
48. He like you and Xiao Liu ______ very diligent.
A. is B. are
49. Between the two buildings _____ a hospital.
A. stand B. stands
50. How to get rid of these things ____ a big problem.
A. are B. is

答案：1—5 ACDAB   6—10ABADD   11—15CCACA   16—20CDBAD
21—25BCACA  26—30BACCC  31—35BCBAD   36—40CCBCD
41—45BABAA   46—50AAABB
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Edited by Mr Guan