新广州八年级英语下册Unit教案.doc

个性化辅导教案

学生姓名

教师姓名
梁老师
授课时长
2h
年 级
八年级
学 科
英语
课 型
一对一

教学目标
知识点： Unit3的重点词汇和短语
各种时态的被动语态
考点/重难点：重点掌握动词短语的用法
难点是掌握主动与被动语态的转化

培养的能力：学会举一反三

教学步骤及教学方法
知识回顾
非谓语动词
不定式（to do ，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）
在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语。

非谓语动词的常见搭配如下：
1. 谓语v. + to do (否定 not to do)
want to do decide to do
offer to do pretend to do
agree to do fail to do
hope to do hesitate to do
refuse to do arrange to do
manage to do plan to do
choose to do intend to do
promise to do happen to do

2. 谓语v. +sb. / sth. + to do (否定 not to do)
ask sb. to do encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do warn sb. to do
invite sb. to do require sb. to do
persuade sb. to do inspire sb. to do
teach sb. to do order sb. to do
force sb. to do forbid sb. to do
advise sb. to do wish sb. to do
expect sb. to do enable sb. to do

3. 谓语v.+doing
finish doing insist doing
enjoy doing be busy doing
practice doing
mind doing give up doing
keen on doing be used to doing
consider doing look forward to doing
miss doing pay attention to doing
avoid doing suggest doing

4. 使役动词+sb./sth.+do (否定 not do)
let sb. do
make sb. do
have sb. do

5. 有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式to do，也可以加动名词doing。但它们的中文意思不同。
stop to do 停止正在做的事去做另一件事 （做）
stop doing 停止正在做的事（不做了）

remember to do 记得去做 （未做）
remember doing 记得做过 （已做）

forget to do 忘记去做某事 （未做）
forget doing 忘记做了某事 （已做）

go on to do 做完一件事后继续去做另外一件事
go on doing 继续做正在做的事

try to do 尽力/设法去做
try doing 尝试去做

need to do 需要做
need doing 需要被做

6. 感观动词+sb./sth. +do./doing 但意思有区别
watch
see sb. do.
hear sb. doing

7. 含有感观动词和使役动词的句子变被动语态时，非谓语动词的形式如下：
be + 谓语v. + to do
be + 谓语v. + doing
let sb. do → be let to do
watch sb. doing → be watched doing
hear sb. doing → be heard doing
watch sb. do → be watched to do
see sb. do → be seen to do
hear sb. do → be heard to do
make sb. do → be made to do

8. 介词+doing
instead of doing after/before/without doing
be interested in doing be/feel frightened of doing
be surprised /amazed at doing except (for) doing
be good/bad/poor at doing

9. 掌握下列常见的句型及固定搭配
Why not do
in order to do
find/think it adj. to do
It’s adj. (for/of) + to do
adj. +enough +to do
Doing sth. is …… / To do sth. is ……
It takes ……to do
prefer to do ……rather than ……
It’s time for (doing)
had better (not) do
would you like to do / feel like doing
Would you please do (not do)……？
Thank you for doing sth.
used to do / be used to doing
spend ……on sth. / (in) doing sth.
prefer doing to doing
prefer to do rather than do
would rather do …… than do
It’s time to do……

中考题链接：
1. –Do you mind my _______ here?
-________. Look at the sign. It says, “No, smoking”.
A. to smoke, Of course not B. smoking, You’d better not
C. to smoke, No, I don’t D. smoking, Never mind
2. –Oh, I had a terrible toothache.
-You’d better _______ see s doctor and have your bad teeth _______ out.
A. go to, pulled B. to go to, pulled C. go to, pulling D. to go to, pulling
3. I prefer ________ at home to _______ outside.
A. to stay, playing B. to stay, play C. staying, play D. staying, playing
4. Doctor Wang often asks us ________ too much meat.
A. don’t eat B. not eat C. not to eat D. doesn’t eat
5. All my classmates are busy ________ ready for PE test.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
6. Let’s stop _______ a rest. We’ll begin again after 10 minutes.
A. have B. having C. to have D. has
7. It’s a nice day. What about ________ our dog after supper?
A. to walk B. walked C. walk D. Walking
8. He likes _______ table tennis but he doesn’t like ________ today.
A. to play, to play B. playing, playing
C. playing, to play D. to play, playing
9. Peter is busy _______ at school, but he never forgets ________ exercise every day.
A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, doing
10. You can never imagine the great difficulty I had _______ her QQ number.
A. to get B. getting C. got D. not to get
11. –What about ________ hiking this Sunday?
-Great. I’d like ________ with you.
A. to go, going B. going, going C. going, to go
12. Many people think it’s important ________ us ________ learn English well.
A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for
13. –My dad bought me a new MP 4, but I don’t know_______.
-Let’s read the instructions.
A. what to use B. which one to use C. how to use it D. when to use it
14. Drivers are warned _________ when they are tired.
A. to drive B. not drive C. not to drive
15. If you want to know ________ the mobile phone, you’d better read the instructions first.
A. how to use B. how to make C. where to mend D. where to buy
16. Students should pay attention to _______ the teacher in class.
A. hear B. listen to C. listening to D. hearing of
17. Alice asked me _______ another bag for her.
A. get B got C. to get D. getting

StepⅠ知识导航：
Unit 3 Traditional skills（单词、词组）

知
识
目
标
必记单词
1. describe v. 描述；形容 description n. 说明；形容
2. health n. 健康 healthy (比较级healthier） adj. 健康的= fit adj. 健壮的；健康的
keep fit/healthy 保持健康 be in good (poor/bad) health 健康状况好（不好）
3. attract v. 吸引；使...喜爱 attraction n. 吸引；魅力；引人注意的东西
attractive adj. 有魅力的；引人注目的 attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
get one’s attention得到某人的关注 4. ready adj. 准备好的
get/be ready for 为...做好准备 be ready 准备好的
be ready to do sth, 准备做某事
5. luck n. 幸运 lucky adj. 幸运的 unlucky adj. 不幸的
luckily adj. 幸运地 unluckily adv. 不幸地
6. fisherman n. 网民 net n. 网 although conj. 尽管
7. cormorant n. 鸬鹚 dive v. 下潜 reach v. 到达 hang（hung，hung） v. 悬挂；吊 post n. 柱；杆；桩 require v. 需要；依靠 practice v. 从事
tool n. 工具 scissors【pl】 n. 剪刀 pattern n.图案
character n. 文字；符号；人物；角色 wedding n. 婚礼；结婚庆典
dough n.生面团 rough adj. 粗糙的 size n. 大小 simple adj. 简单的
lovely adj. 有吸引力的；迷人的
常考短语
1. paper cutting 剪纸 2. up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有
3. set off /out 出发 set out/off for 出发去... 4. up and down 起伏；上下波动 5. after dark 天黑后；黄昏后 6. no more 不再；再也不
7 . all the time （在某段时间内）一直；始终
8. a kind of 一种 9. tie...around 拴...在...周围 tie...to 拴...在...上
10. at the front of 在...前面 11. throw...in to 把...扔进 12. look up 抬头看 13. bring up 抚养；养育； 14. turn...in to 把...变成 15. put on 上演 16. cut out 剪成
17. in the shape of 以...的形状 18. get one’s attention得到某人的关注
19. put up 张贴；挂
经典句型
1. Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.
2. A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May.
重点语法
被动语态

StepⅡ重点讲解
1. We used to use horses.
Use to do 表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式：usedn’t  to 或didn’t  use to ,疑问句将used提前或Did…use to …?
Eg：We usen’t to use horses./We didn’t use to use horses.
Used you to use horses?/Did you use to use horses?
used to do sth.
过去常常做某事
He used to go to school by bike.
be used to (doing) sth.
习惯于（某）事
He is used to going to school by bike.
be used to do sth.
...被用来做...
The knife is used to cut things.
use sth. to do sth.
用...做...
We use the knife to cut things.
跟踪练习
1. 翻译下列句子
（1） My father used to eat meat.
（2） My father is used to eating meat.
（3） He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.
（4） The boy use remote control to drive the toy car all around the playground.
（5） The birds use the wings to fly.
（6） The tool was once used to catch fish.

2. --How is your grandma?
--She’s fine. She used to ______ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ______ out for a walk.
A. watch; go B. watching; go C. watching; going D. watch; going
3. Bamboo can ______ paper.
A. used to make B. be used make C. be used to make D. be used to making

2.三阻止...做某事&保护……不受……侵袭,挡住,防御
stop...from doing sth.
在主动句中from可以省略
No one can stop the little girl from crying.
prevent...from doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented us from
climbing the mountain.
keep...from doing sth.
from不可以省略
The heavy rain kept us from climbing
the mountain.
Protect...from doing sth
保护…不受…侵袭
You should protect the children from
catching cold.

3.The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.
【拓展】与throw相关的短语
throw...into
把...扔进
He threw a stone into a river.
throw away
扔掉
Throw away those old newspapers.
throw off
匆匆脱掉（衣服）
Don’t throw off your coat. It is cold outside.
throw at
向...扔去
Tom threw stones at my dog.

4.No pets are required for this type of fishing.
require v. 需要，依靠 Eg：The work requires more time and people.
【辨析】require, need
require
及物动词实义动词
需要，依靠
require to be done=require doing
require sb. to do sth.
need
及物动词
需要
need to be done=need doing
情态动词
需要
need do sth.

Eg: 1) Plants require/need watering every day.= Plants require/need to be watered every day.
2) We require them to keep quiet. 3) I need to buy a book. 4) You needn’t come.

5. In 50 years, perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world.
no more, 不再=not...any more. no more多用于书面语，位于连系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。Not...any more中，not靠近动词，any more放在句末。
Eg：1）He is no more a student.=He isn’t a student any more. 2) He no more worked there.
【辨析】no more & no longer
no more
不再
用来修饰非延续性动词，表今后不再重复以前发生的动作，
多指数量上不再增加，程度不再加深
no longer
不再
no longer=not...any longer，在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，
指某事从时间上讲以后不再发生，其时间不再延续
Eg：1）He no more comes. 2) We are no longer students.

6.After 26 days, the baby cormorant breaks out of the egg.
after+一段时间，在某段时间之后 Eg：After ten days, the boy was saved.
【辨析】after，later
after
介词
在...之后
常用于过去时态，after+一段时间，在某段时间之后
later
副词
后来
常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间+later
形容词
后来的
修饰名词
Eg：1）After two years，he died in London. 2) Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.

7.Keep the baby cormorant warm.
keep sb./sth. + adj. 使...保持...
Eg: Coats will keep you warm./We should keep our school clean and tidy.
【拓展】keep其他用法
keep +adj.
保持某种状态 The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.
Keep (sb) doing
（使）某人不停地做某事 Don’t keep talking

8.scissors n. 剪刀 a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
Eg: You can make paper cuttings with scissors.
【拓展】a pair of修饰的复数名词
a pair of修饰的复数名词
shoes鞋
socks 袜子
trousers 裤子
pants
scissors 剪刀
gloves 手套
chopsticks 筷子
glasses 眼镜

9..Mr. Chen make toys from dough.
make...from用什么制成，强调从成品中看不出原材料 Eg: They made wine from rice.
【辨析】be made...

be made...
Be made of...
由….制成/组成，看出原材料
The house is made up of wood.
Be made from...
由….制成，看不出原材料
The juice is made from apples.
Be made into...
被制成.....
The apples are made into juice.
Be made in...
在……地方制造
The machine is made in China.
Be made by...
由……（人）制造
The machines are made by the workers.
Be made up of...
由...组/构成
The doll is made up of four parts.
跟踪练习
(1). The desk is made __________ wood. （2). Paper is made__________ wood.
(3). The machines were made __________ the workers. (4) This kind of watch is made _________ Shanghai.
(5) The team is made__________ 30 students and a teacher. (6). This kite is made __________ paper.
(7). Salt is made __________seawater. (8). This kind of glass is made __________ paper.
(9). The old bridge is made__________ stone. (10). This kind of drink is made_________ apple.

10.cut out 切（剪、削）成; cut up 切碎; cut down 砍到; cut off 切掉，切断; cut in 插嘴

11.Then they move the puppets around and do the voices of different character.
voice n. 嗓音，声音
【辨析】voice, noise, sound
voice
嗓音，声音
常指人的嗓音、说话声及鸟儿的鸣叫声
noise
杂声，噪音
常指不悦耳的噪音、喧闹声
sound
声音
泛指人耳听到的自然界中的各种声音，不论高低，是否悦耳等

StepⅢ Grammar:被动语态

1.主动语态与被动语态的概念：
英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)
例：They speak English. （主动语态）
主 谓 宾

English is spoken by them. （被动语态）
主 谓 介词短语

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。
例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
主 谓 宾
→The teacher is listened to by us 　　carefully in class.
主　　　　　谓　　介词短语
⑵Ｗe laughed at him .
→He was laughed at by us.

2、被动语态的用法
（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.
（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。
例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist..
（4）主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况。
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
（5）主动形式表示被动意义。
如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.

3. 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：
一般现在时：am / is / are + done
一般过去时：was / were + done
一般将来时：shall / will + be done
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done
过去进行时：was / were + being + done
现在完成时：have / has + been + done

4. 主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。
在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make, let等
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