初二英语上册第十单元卢易通.doc

八年级上册英语第十单元卢易通
Unit 10 If you go to the party , you’ll have a great time!
单词
video ['vɪdioʊ] 录像，录像带
organize ['ɔːrɡənaɪz] 组织，筹备
chocolate ['tʃɑːklət] 巧克力
upset [ʌp'set] 难过，失望
advice [əd'vaɪsɪ] 劝告，建议
travel ['trævl] 旅行
agent ['eɪdʒənt] 代理人，经纪人
expert ['ekspɜːrt] 专家，能手
teenager ['tiːnˌeɪdʒə] 青少年
normal ['nɔːrml] 正常的
unless [ən'les] 除非，如果不
certainly ['sɜːrtnli] 当然，肯定
wallet ['wɑːlɪt] 皮夹，钱包
worried ['wɜːrid] 担心的，烦恼的
angry ['æŋɡri] 生气的，发怒的
careless ['kerləs] 粗心的，不小心的
understanding [ˌʌndər'stændɪŋ] 善解人意的，体谅人的
trust [trʌst] 相信，信任
mistake [mɪ'steɪk] 错误，失误
careful ['kerfl] 小心的，细致的
advise [əd'vaɪz] v劝告，建议
solve [sɑːlv] 解决；解答
experience [ɪk'spɪriəns] 信任，经历
halfway [ˌhæf'weɪ] 中途的adv.半路地
else [els] 别的，其他的
重点短语
1. stay at home 待在家里
2. take the bus 乘公共汽车
3. tomorrow night 明天晚上
4. have a class party 进行班级聚会
5. half the class 一半的同学
6. make some food 做些食物
7. order food 订购食物
8. have a class meeting 开班会
9. at the party 在聚会上
10. potato chips 炸土豆片，炸薯条
11. in the end 最后
12. make mistakes 犯错误
13. go to the party 去参加聚会
14. have a great/good 玩得开心
15. give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议
16. go to college 上大学
17. make（a lot of）money 赚（许多）钱
18. travel around the world 环游世界
19. get an education 得到教育
20. work hard 努力工作
21. a soccer player 一名足球运动员
22. keep…to oneself 保守秘密
23. talk with sb. 与某人交谈
24. in life 在生活中
25. be angry at/about sth. 因某事生气
26. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
27. in the future 在将来
28. run away 逃避；逃跑
29. the first step 第一步
30. in half 分成两半
31. solve a problem 解决问题
32. school clean-up 学校大扫除
33. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
34. give sb. sth. 给某人某物
35. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
36. too…to do sth. 太……而不能做某事
37. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
38. advise sb. to do sth. 劝告某人做某事
39. It’s best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事
40. need to do sth. 需要做某事
1. upset
· 原文再现
If I don’t go to the party, they will be upset.
如果我不去聚会的话，他们会失望的。
· 基本用法
adj. upset 难过，失望，沮丧。常用短语be upset about表示“对……心烦意乱/苦恼”。如：
He is upset about the coming exam.
他为即将到来的考试而心烦。
· 知识拓展---其他词性
upset作及物动词，表示“打扰，扰乱，使心烦意乱”。如：
The news quite upsets him.
这消息使他心烦意乱。
2.If I have a lot of money, I’ll travel to the U.S.A.
如果我有很多钱，我将去美国旅游。
v. travel 旅行，游历，常指长距离旅行或国外旅行。
（过去式：traveled 过去分词：traveled 现在分词：travelling 第三人称单数：travels）
Travel作动词，还可表示“走过（某距离），（以某速度）行进；（以某速度或朝某方向）前进”。如：
Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
n. travel 旅行，游历。如：
He came home after years of foreign travel.
他在国外旅行多年后回到了家。
· 知识拓展
相关短语
travel around 四处漫游
He vainly hope to travel around the world on foot.
他梦想步行周游世界。
词义辨析 journey/tour/travel/trip
这些名词均含“旅行”之意。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
tour: 指最后返回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
trip: 意为“旅行，远足”，尤指短途的游玩或有目的的旅行。如：a schooltrip学校郊游；a weekend trip 周末旅行。（普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。）
3. If you go to the party , you’ll have a great time!
【解析】have a great/good/ nice/ wonderful time = have fun= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
have a great time意为“玩得高兴”，其中great 可以用nice, good,wonderful, pleasant等替代，与enjoy oneself, have fun 同义，其后若接动词应用动词-ing形式。
The students have time learning English
学生们高高兴兴地学英语。
I’ll go to Bengjing for my summer holiday.
我将去北京过暑假。
Have a great time.祝你玩得开心。
Thank you ,I will. 谢谢，我会的。
( ) ①They had a great time there last night.
A. had a fun B. had a great fun
C. enjoyed themselves D. enjoyed a good time
( )② –Did Lucy have a good time? --Yes, She enjoyed ______ very much.
A. himself B. herself C. themselves D. itself
4. I think I’ll wear jeans to the party. 我想我将穿牛仔裤去参加聚会。
【解析1】 wear/put on/dress 穿
(1) wear =be in 穿，指穿的状态【延续性动词】
Most British high school children _____ uniforms at school.
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress up
(2) put on 穿 ，指穿的动作【短暂性动词】
It’s cold outside. Put on your coat.
(3) dress v 穿，后跟人做宾语。
◆ dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服
. My sister is old enough to dress______now.
A. himself B. herself C. myself
【解析2】jeans n 牛仔裤 a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤
【注】jeans, trousers, shorts 等经常用复数形式
（ ）-- We can’t wear jeans to school. --______?
A. Why not B. Why C. Yes, we not D. Can we
5. I think I’ll stay at home.
【解析】stay at home 带在家里
6. I think I’ll take the bus to the party. 我想我将乘公共汽车去参加聚会。
英语中交通方式的表达方式：
A、 take +a/the +交通工具名词。这是一个动词短语，在句中用作谓语。
I often take a bus to school .
我经常乘公共汽车去上学。
B、 by +交通工具名词。这是一个介词短语，在句中用作状语。需要注意的是，by后的交通工具名词要用单数形式，且在交通工具名词前不能有任何修饰词。
I go to school by bus.
我乘公共汽车去上学。
C、 用某些动词短语表示，如：walk to ….（步行去…）；drive to…(开车去…..)；fly to …(乘飞机去…)
D、 对交通方式提问用疑问词how。
How do you go to school?
你怎样去上学？
By bus./ on foot.
乘公共汽车。/步行。
【解析】take the bus
take the/a +交通工具“乘坐……” (放于句中) 动词短语在句中做谓语交通
take the subway 乘地铁 take the train 乘火车
take the bus 乘公共汽车 take the taxi 打的
( ) My mother usually _____ the train to work.
A.by B. goes C. rides D. takes
7. The students are talking about when to have a class meeting.
学生们正在讨论什么时候举行班会。
【解析】meeting n 会议
have /hold a meeting 开会 attend a meeting 出席会议
have a class meeting 举行班会
8. What will happen if they have the party today?如果他们今天举行晚会会发生什么呢？
【辨析】happen/ take place
(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性
Look, so many people are running out of the station. I wonder what ____. A. is happened B.was happening C.is happening D. had happened
a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
What happened to you?=What was wrong with him?
Can you tell me what happened _____ him just now?
A. with B. for C. to D. at
b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
She happened ________(be) out when we called.
C. It happened that…碰巧
(2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生
( ) The accident took place on a cold night.
A. took the place B. happened C. told D. Hold
The 18th Jiangsu Provincial Games will ______ in September.
Many students want to be volunteers.
A. take place B. take part C. take action D. take care
9. Half the class won’t come. 有一半的学生不会来。
（1）half 意为“一半，半数”。Half（of）后接名词时，名词前应有 the, this,my等词修饰，这时of 可省略。“Half（of）+名词”作主语时，如果名词是可数名词复数形式，谓语动词/be 动词用复数；如果名词是不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词/be动词用单数。
“half of + 名词” 做主语，谓语动词单复数与half 后的名词保持一致
Half (of) the books are storybooks.
这些书有一半是故事书。
Half(of) her money was stolen.
她一半的钱被人偷走。
Half (of) the time you don”t even listen to what I said.
你一半时间甚至不去听我说的话。
Half of 后也接代词，这时of 不能省略。
Half of them enjoyed the party last night.
他们中有一半的人喜欢昨晚的聚会。
（2）class 在本句中意为“班级里的学生”，是一个集体名词。集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体，它可以表达单数意义，也可以表达复数意义，具体情况如下：①当集体名词强调组成该集体的各个成员时，表示复数意义（但无词形变化，即用其本身表达复数），本句中class即属于此种情况。All the class are very interested in English.所有的同学都对英语很感兴趣。②当集体名词表示一个单位（即表达一个不可分割的整体）时,它表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Our class is on the fifth floor.
我们班在五楼。
【拓展】half —（pl）halves Two __________(half) make a whole.
“…个半…” “数词+名词+and + a half / 数词+and+ a half +名词（复数）”
three hours and a half= three and a half hours. 三个半小时
( ) Half of these bananas ___ bad.
A. is B. are C. has D. had
10. What will Nelly organize? 内尔要组织什么？
【解析】organize ['ɔːrɡənaɪz] v组织，筹备组织→ organizer n 组织者
→ organization n 组织
→ organized adj. 有组织的 organized activities 有组织的活动
①Can you _________________(组织) the party games?
( ) ② The ____ are going to ___ a sports meeting.
A. organizer; organize B. organizers; organized C. organizers; organize
What will Mark organize?
马克会组织什么活动？
organize · 基本用法
v. 组织，创立（过去式：organized 过去分词：organized 现在分词：organizing 第三人称单数：organizes）
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
· 知识拓展---相关名词
organization n. 组织，机构
World Trade Organization （WTO）世界贸易组织
World Health Organization （WHO）世界卫生组织
11. Because they’ll be too lazy to cook. 因为他们太懒了而没有做饭
【解析】too…to… 太….而不能….
too +adj./adv原级+to do sth It’s never too old to learn 活到老学到老
( )① They are ____ tired ____on.
A. too; to walk B .too; walking C. can’t ;to work D. very ;to walk
( ) ②– This box is ___ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me? —Certainly.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
12. He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.
他认为第一步是找出你信任的人谈谈。
vt. trust 相信，信任，指根据以往的经验或某种主观上的原因（如了解、爱慕、钦佩、崇拜等）而产生
的对某人的放心或信任。
（过去式:trusted 过去分词:trusted 现在分词:trusting 第三人称单数:trusts ）
He is honest, so we all trust him.
他很诚实，所以我们都信任他。
· ​知识拓展---其他词性
n. trust 信任，信赖
He destroyed me and my trust in men.
他毁了我，也摧毁了我对男人的信任。
13.No,Lest's order some food from the restaurant. 不,让我们从饭店订餐吧
Order 动词，意为“订购，定做；叫（饭菜等）”其常用结构为 order sth.， order sth .for sb.或order sb .sth.。order也可作名词，意为“订购，定做”。
She ordered a cake for him.= she ordered him a cake.她为他定做了一个蛋糕。
ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
order sb to do sth ,命令某人做某事
还有tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
14.let’s order food from a restaurant. …让我们从饭店订餐吧。
order 及物动词，意为“订购；订货；点菜；命令”。 此处为“order sth. from + 地点”结构，意为“从某地订购某物”。
Would you like to order some bread?
I order some clothes from that shop.
拓展: ①order做动词，意为“命令；嘱咐”。order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事。
Order him to act at once!
②order 作不可数名词，意为“秩序；顺序”。
Put the sentences in right order.
③order可构成in order to 或in order that …结构，意为“为了…”.
He gets up early in order to catch the early bus. = He gets up early in order that he can catch the early bus.
15. If we ask people to bring food, they’ll just bring potato chips and chocolate because they’ll be too lazy to cook. 如果我们让人们带食物来，他们只会带炸薯条和巧克力，因为他们懒得去做饭。
①ask sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事”， 其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth. 意为“要求某人不要做某事”。
Our teacher asks us to read every day.
我们的老师要求我们每天阅读
②potato chips 意为“炸土豆片；炸薯条”。其中，名词potato用作定语，修饰chips.
The children like eating potato chips.
③too…to… 意为“太…而不能…”,表示否定意义。too 后跟形容词或副词，to后跟动词原形。
The box is too heavy to carry.
拓展：too…to… 常见考点：
a. 若句子的主语与动词不定式的逻辑主语不一致，通常用too…for sb. to…结构，意为“对某人来说太…而不能…”.
The question is too difficult for me to answer.
b. 若句子主语是物，动词不定式不能用it作宾语。
(√) The box is too heavy for us to carry.
(×) The box is too heavy for us to carry it.
c. too…to… 结构可与not…enough to do sth. “不够…而不能…”及so…that...“如此…以至于…”进行同义句转换。
He is too young to go to school.
= He is not old enough to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
16. It will be too expensive?它将会比较贵吗？
【解析】expensive adj.昂贵的（反） inexpensive = cheap
Of the two shirts,I’d like to choose the_____ one to save some money for a cap.
A.cheapest B.cheaper C.more expensive D.most expensive
16. Can you give me some advice please?
advice 不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议”。表示数量时要借助于piece或some(一些)，much(许多)等词。
a piece of advice 一条建议
two pieces of advice 两条建议
give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议。
基本用法
n. advice 意见，建议，一条建议用英语表示为a piece of advice。如：
You can ask the doctor for advice.
你可以向医生咨询意见。
· 知识拓展---相关动词
vt. advise 劝告，建议，常用于advise sb. to do sth.，advise doing sth.， advise that从句，
不用于advise to do sth.。如：
Many doctors advise people to live in the countryside.
很多医生劝告人们住到乡下去。
【解析1】advice n 建议（不可数名词）→ advise v 建议
( )When you meet any problem, you’d better ask your teacher for _____. A. some advices B. some advice C. a few advices D. a few advice
— What a good ____ you've given me! Thanks a lot.
— My pleasure.
A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice
(1) a piece of advice 一条建议 two pieces of advice两条建议
(2)give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议
Mr. Li is always patient to give me ____ on how to work out the problem.
an advice B. many advices C. some advice
—My teacher gave me much ____ on how to study English well when I
had some trouble.
A. advice B.question C.suggestion D.problem.
(3)advise doing sth 建议做某事
advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做某事
He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn’t _____him at first.
A. advise B. promise C. recognize D. hear
—You’d better not eat too much salt. It’s bad for your health. —
A. Not at all. B. You’re welcome. C. I’m thirsty now. D. Thanks for your advice.
17. Robert Hunt advises students about common problems. 罗伯特.亨特就一些常见的问题给学生们提出建议。
advise sb. about/ on…意为“关于…给某人忠告/建议”。
The teachers advise students about study. 就学习问题老师们给学生们提出了建议。
拓展：advise sb. to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”；否定式advise sb. not to do sth. 意为“建议某人不要做某事”。
Mrs. Brown advises us to eat healthy food.
18. If I don’t finish my homework.如果我不能完成我的家庭作业呢？
【解析】finish doing sth 做完某事
一Can you finish these books before 10 o’clock?
一Yes, I can.
A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading
19.If people have problems, they should try to keep them to themselves.
如果人们遇到问题，他们应尽量保密。
keep…to oneself意为“保守秘密”，keep后接名词或代词作宾语，themselves是they的反身代词，作宾语补足语或同位语。如：
Women often keep their ages to themselves.
妇女往往对她们的年龄保密。
He kept the news to himself.
他没告诉任何人这条消息。
Keep短语：keep out 不让入内；keep(on)doing sth:继续做某事；keep up with :跟上；keep away from：避开
keep doing / keep on doing
1) 均可表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”， 可互换，只是 keep on 更加强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，及某人做某事的决心。
He kept on working until midnight though he was tied.
The boy kept /kept on asking some silly questions in class.
2) 若表示一连续不段的动作，或某一动作的持续状态，只宜用keep doing .
She kept waving to her husband until he was out of sight.
They kept standing outside the room during all the meeting.
Keep lying here; I will be back soon.
3) 若表示今后或将来继续做某事，则只宜用keep on doing 。
We must keep on working hard in the coming new year.
He kept on smoking though we advised him to stop to smoke.
go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个词组都表示“继续”的意思，但用法和含义上有差异。
go on doing指做某一事情因故暂停，尚未做完，再“继续”做下去。它还可表示“一直做某事”。如：
Although it was late, she went on working.
虽然很晚了，她还继续工作着。
After a short break, he went on reading the text.
暂停了一会儿后，他又接着读课文。
You shouldn't go on living in this way!
你总不能一直就这么生活下去。
go on to do则表示某一件事已做完，再“接着”去做另一件事。如：
He went on to talk about the world situation.
他接着又谈了谈世界形势。
Father said mother had gone to the hospital, and went on to say that grandmother was coming to take care of us.
父亲说母亲已经住院去了，接着又说祖母将来照料我们。
go on with 是一个动副介型短语动词，其后通常接名词或代词作宾语。如：
May I go on with my work now? 我现在可以继续做我的工作了吗？
Please go on with your story. 请继续讲你的故事。
20.Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.
如果我们不跟别人说，我们肯定觉得很难受。
unless 连词，意为“除非…；如果不…;除了…”，引导条件状语从句。
I won’t go to the party unless I hear from her.
拓展：unless可与if引导的否定条件状语从句进行同义句转换。
You’ll be late unless you hurry up. = You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.
conj. Unless 除非，如果不，后接从句，意思相当于if not，也遵循“主将从现”原则，如：
You won’t catch the bus unless you run.
你如果不跑着去，就赶不上公共汽车。
I'm not happy unless I ride or drive every day.
只有每天骑车或开车我才会开心。
adv. certainly 肯定，一定；当然，