初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案.doc

被动语态
（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
　　例如：Many people speak Chinese. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
（二）被动语态的构成
　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
　　一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
　　一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
　　过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
　　过去完成时：had been + spoken
（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法
　（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
　（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
　（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
　　All the people laughed at him. →　He was laughed at by all people.
　　They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
　　He cut down a tree. →　A tree was cut down by him.
（四）含有情态动词的被动语态
　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成
　　We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
　　They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.
　（五）特殊情况（一感二听三让四看）
　　1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
　　 →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
　　2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
　　 →I am never let to watch TV by mother.
　　常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......
It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
二、 典型例题
（ ）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.   
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell        B. didn’t tell      C. haven’t told     D. wasn’t told
（ ）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down  B. will be pulled down C. will pull down  D. are pulled down
（ ）3．--- My watch ______. --- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
（ ）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
（ ）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
（ ）6．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d
（ ）7．.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
（ ）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. —Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
（ ）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” ---Sorry.
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
（ ）10．He is made ______work for12 hours every day.
A．work B working C．to work D. worked
（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
（ ）12. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
（ ）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
（ ）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned     B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned     D. because, has turned
（ ）17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken
（ ）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
（ ）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
（ ）20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked
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