雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总.doc

雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总
Ⅰ、开头结尾段常用词汇句型
一、 开头段常用词汇：
“显示”“表明”“说明”——show, give, reveal, present, describe, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, reflect。
领域 area/aspect/field/region/sphere
二、 开头常用句式
1. 根据这幅图我们可以看出According to the chart, it is clear that…
2. 这幅图描述了…在…（时间起始）的数量变化 the chart shows the changes in the number of sth. over the period from … to …(between…and…)
3. 从这幅图我们看到从..到..的数据变化 the chart shows the changes in the number of sth. over the period from… to …
三、 结尾常用句式
在研究了这幅图之后，我们了解到 when we study the chart, it is apparent that
1) We can conclude from the table that...
2) In short ( = In brief), ...
3) In conclusion, ...
4) To conclude, it seems clear that...
5) From the table/diagram, we can see...
6) As can be seen from the chart/table/diagram, ...
7) It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/table/diagram that...

Ⅱ、各种图表常见词汇及句型
一、 饼状图 （Pie chart）
1. 常用词
1)名词：
◆percentage百分比◆proportion份额
2)动词：
占：Comprise ,make up, constitute, account for, take up，consume占(份额), occupy, compose
is divided into…parts分为……部分
consist of/ be comprised of 由…构成
consume the larges/smallest portion占最大/小的份额
与…相比较 compare/comparison/by contrast/ in sharp contrast to
比…多 outnumber/exceed
3）短语及副词
与…相反 on the contrary
几分之几 one half/ one third/ one fifth/ two thirds/ two fifths
大约、大概 about/around/almost/nearly/roughly/approximately
分别/各自 respectively
与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to

2. 常用套句
1)The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in…
该图以饼图形式描述了……总的趋势。
2)The pie graph depicts(mat)…
该饼图揭示了……
3)The biggest difference between the two groups(A+B)is in…，where A makes up 5％while B constitutes 67％．
两组之间最大的区别在于……，其中A占5％，B占67％。
4)The highest percentage of is A, which was approximately 12％…
A占最高比例，大约12％……
5)The percentage of A in…is more than twice that of B．The ratio is $％to $％．
A在……中的比例是B的两倍多，比率是$％ to $％。
6)A greater percentage of A than B is found in…(the former is $％and the latter is $％)
在……中A所占比例比B高(前者为$％，后者为$％)。
7)There are more A in…，reaching $％，compared with $％of B．
与B的$％相比，A所占比例较高，达$％。
8)A, which used to be the…，has become less important, which declined (increased)sharply from $％in 1978 to only $％in 1998．
A从前是……，现在重要性减弱，所占比例从1978年的$％急剧地降到1998年的$％。
9)The percentage of A is slightly larger/smaller than that of B．
A的比例比B的比例略高(低)。
10）the highest/greatest/lowest/smallest/ percentage/ proportion of… is…..

二、柱形图(bar chart)
1、常用词
1)动词(要依据描述的情况决定)
向上： climb，go up，soar，jump，increase， rise．grow，rocket, boom
向下：collapse，go down，fall， drop，slump．decline．decrease，plummet，plunge，slide．Shrink
2)名词
向上：an increase (a marked increase) , a rise ( a sudden/ dramatic rise), a growth, an improvement, an upturn, a surge, an upsurge, an upward trend
向下: a fall （a sight fall）, a decrease (a small decrease), a decline (a gradual/ steep decline) , a drop ( a steady/ gradual /sharp drop) , a downturn , a downturn trend
3)形容词和副词
“剧烈”“显著”“明显”：
副词：dramatic(ally)(急剧), drastic(ally)(急剧), sharp(ly)(急剧), significant(ly)(显著), , marked(ly)(显著); considerably; abrupt(ly)(突); alarmingly ;
短语：at an alarming rate, by a massive leap
“匀速”“缓慢”“逐渐”—
副词：平稳地uniformly, gradually, steadily, slightly, gently, slowly, moderately, marginally, mildly, smoothly
短语： by the least amount, in a moderate way
2. 常用套句
1 ) There was _______ in the number of A from 1986 to 1990 ( over next...years), which was followed by _______ and then _______ until 1998when there was _______ for the next...years.
从1986年至1990年(今后……年)A的数目为 _______ ，后来为_______ 和 _______ ，直到1998年，该数目为 _______ ，以后……年均为 _______ 。
2) From 1990 onwards, there was _______ in the number of A which then increased/decreased _______ at $ % in 1994.
自1990年起，A的数目为 _______ ，随后到1994年增长/减低$％到 _______ 。
3)In 1990，the number reached(was)$％，but 30 years later there was
1990年，该数字达到$％，但是30年后变为 _______ 。
4) The trend decrease steeply since 1998… ;however, it increased rapidly since 2000 and reached the peak in…2010
从1998年开始开始陡然下降，然而，从2000年，又开始急剧增长，在2010年的时候达到了最高峰。
5)The number of A increased rapidly from 1918 to 1990 during the five-year period．
或是There was a rapid increase of A from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period．
A的数量在五年期间于1988年到1990年上升很快。
6)A has reached something of a plateau, X percent/an average of X percent in the past few years．
在过去几年A的数目停滞不前，即X％/平均X％。
7)In the three years spanning from 1995 through 1998，the percentage of A was slightly larger/smaller than that of B．
在1995年到1998年三年期间，A的百分比比B大/小了一些。
8)The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of A．
这些图表显示A的数量增长了3倍。
9)A decreased year by year while B increased steadily．
A逐年下滑，而B则稳步上升。
10)Here is an upward trend in the number of A．
A的数量呈现上升趋势。
11)…(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in A．
……年A的数量骤增。

三、曲线图 (line chart)
1. 常用词
横轴，纵轴：horizontal axis横轴, vertical axis 纵轴
总体趋势：general trend
底部：reach a low point． reach the bottom．reach the rock．hit a trough; hit a historic low；trough n．(曲线上的)最小值； record low历史低点
顶部：reach a peak．peak， reach the highest point／the top/the summit．peak in／at；record high历史高度
反弹 rebound; turn the corner; recover/recovery; pick up
不变：flatten out．Plateau，level off．remain stable．stay at the same level．constant，stagnate．steady，
stabilize． there is little／hardly/any／no change
翻了一番 double 翻了两番 triple/ three fold, three fold increase
波动：fluctuate (around), a fluctuation in (display /demonstrate a fluctuation)
幅度：considerable adj．相当多的，constant adj. 不变的，remarkable adj. 明显的，相当的
2. 开头概述常用套句
1)As we can see from the graph/ As can be seen from the line chart, the two curves show the fluctuation of … over the period from…to…
从图中可以看出，这两条曲线展示了从。。。到。。。。的。。。方面的变化
2)The line chart depicts the changes in the number of…over the period from 2000 to 2004．
该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年……数量的变化。
3)The graph, presented in the curve diagram, shows the general trend in…
该图以曲线图的形式描述了……总的趋势。
4)This is a line chart showing…
这是一个曲线图，描述了……
3. 描述曲线常用套句
1)The…in the graph is measured in units, each of which is equivalent to…
图表中的……以……为单位，每单位等于……
2) The horizontal axis stands for…
横轴代表了……
3)The vertical axis stands for… remarkably
纵轴代表了……
4)There was a (rapid/ dramatical/drastic/sharp/great/remarkable/ slight/little/slow) increase/ rise/ decrease/ drop/ fall/decline of A over the period from…to…
从……到……期间A有快速/急遽/剧烈/急速/很大/明显/很小/几乎没有/缓慢地增长/下降。
5) The curve appeared to level off in 1988．
曲线似乎在1988年稳定下来。
6)The situation reached a peak/a high(point)at…in 2000．
这种情况在2000年到达一个顶点，为……
7) The situation fell down to/reached the bottom in 2000．
这种情况在2000年降到低谷。
8)The figures hit a trough in 2000．
这些数字2000年降到最低点。

四、表格 table
1. 描述对比常用套句
1) A has almost/nearly/about/over a quarter/half/twice/one third/as many students as/as much money as B;
A has about/approximately/exactly/precisely the same number/proportion/amount of students/money as B.
A的学生数/钱(差不多)是B的四分之一/一半/两倍/三分之一/一样；A和B的学生/钱/数量/比例差不多/正好一样
2) A has something in common with B/the difference between A and B lies in...
A与B 的相同之处/不同之处在于……
2. 描述趋势常用套句
1) The number increased/rose suddenly/dramatically/rapidly/substantially/considerably/sharply from...to...
数量从……激增到……
2) During 1990 ～ 2000, there was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/sharp/considerable rise/boom in the number of private cars from...to...
1990年到2000年间，私人汽车的数量从……急剧增长到……
3) The ten years from 1990 to 2000 witnessed /saw a steady growth of private cars from...to...
1990年到2000年10年间，私人汽车的数量从……稳步增长到……
4) The number of private cars increased/rose [ or: fell/dropped/declined/decreased] by 20%.
私人汽车数量增长了(或：降低了)20％。
5)The number of private cars in 2000 was 5 times more than that in 1990．
2000年私人汽车数量是1990年的5倍。
6) The number of private cars was roughly/about/approximately doubled/tripled between 1990 and 2000.
1990年到2000年间，私人汽车数量大约是原来的2倍(3倍)。

五、流程图 flow chart
1. 常用过渡词
1)firstly, the first step is to, the first stage involves, first of all, to begin with首先
2)secondly, the next step is to, in the next stage, in the following stage, next, then, later, subsequently然后
3)thirdly/finally, the last step is to, in the last stage最后
4)at the same time, meanwhile, simultaneously同时
5)consequently因此
6)before this在此之前
7)after this在此之后
8)during, in the course of在……期间
9)in order to/in order not to, in order that, so as to/so as not to为了
2. 常用套句
1)The following diagraph shows the structure of…
下图显示了……的结构。
2)The picture illustrates…
本图描绘了……
3)It mainly consists of…
它主要由……组成。
4)It works as follows．
它的原理如下。
5)It always involves the following…steps．
它通常包含以下……步。
6)The whole procedure can be divided into…stages．
整个过程可以分为……步。

六、地图题
1. 时间空间常用套句
1）A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方
A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B
(in 表A 在B 内部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分开)
2）A 在B 内部的某个部位
A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.
3）A在B 西北部的120 千米处
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.
4）A 在B…。.角落
A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 内部)
5）在河流或道路的南边/北边等
On the south/southern side of the river
On both sides of the road
On the other side
6）临近马路的地区
The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
7）在道路或河流的最南端
At the southern end of the river
8）A 在B 的对面
A is on the opposite side of B
A is opposite B
9）A 在B 东部的边界上（A 在B外部）
A is on the eastern border of B
10）A 在B 东部边缘上 （A 在B 内部）
A is on/ along the eastern edge of B
2. “变化”常用套句
地图题描述的是一个地区的变化，那么“变化”词汇必须过关。变化包括两种：图形原有事物的改变，图形新添事物。
1）原有事物可说成：
The original/previous/former garden
2）原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：
The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half
3）原有事物在数量上增多或减少：
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.
4）原有事物没了：
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
5）原有事物被改为：
A becomes B
A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B
A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
6）图形新添事物
A newly-built road
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B
A new IT centre has been added to the library
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land： a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.

Ⅲ. 图表写作注意事项
1. 不要机械性地如记流水帐一样简单地导入数据，
2. 更不要加入任何的主观评价和个人感情色彩;
3. 注意时态问题：
（1）统一时态，都用一般现在时或一般过去时；
（2）根据图表所展示的时态
4. 开头第一句话切记照抄原文，要适当变换。推荐5个方法
（1）灵活加入其他信息，但要注意其准确性
（2）改变某些单词的位置
（3）同义词取代题目中的单词
（4）改变词性
（5）用简单语言描述相对复杂的语言
5. 行文准确性，如介词、副词问题。
6. 对于整个图表作文的分段，应分三到四段进行讨论。第一段说清楚这幅图是什么，二三段为主题段，写清楚重点特征以及步骤，最后进行一段小的总结。
7. 留2到3分钟时间检查。检查内容：
（1）语法错误，如主谓一致、时态一致
（2）重复单词而忽略同义替换
（3）介词错误
（4）不规则拼写
（4）对于数字的表达是否清晰准确