初二英语(宾语从句).doc

Step 1 宾语从句学习
一、宾语从句的断定
定义：宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如：
I don't know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。）
Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。）
We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。）

二、宾语从句应注意三点：连接词、时态、语序
2.1 连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
—There's a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市]
A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there's a bank near here D. where the bank is
[答案]A．

2.2．时态：
1、如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。
2、如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。
1）宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时：
is / am / are → was / were； do / does → did； may → might； need → needed can → could .
2）宾语从句中的一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were going to do； will do → would do .
3）宾语从句中的现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done .
4）宾语从句中的现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing .
A. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music.
→ Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music.
B. Lucy says that Lily will go home.
→ Lucy said that Lily would go home.
C. Lucy says that Lily gets up at five.
→ Lucy said that Lily got up at five.
D. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou.
→ Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。

 Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center?
A. are we visited B. will we visit C. we are visited D. we will visit
[答案]D。

—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?
一Sorry，I have no idea．[福州市]
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
[答案]D。

I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..
 A. what my teacher says   B. what does my teacher say
 C. what my teacher said   D. what did my teacher say
 答案为C。

2.3、语序
       在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
 1．—Do you know ______________now?
一In the People's Hotel．[北京市]
A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work
C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked
[答案]C．

备注：
1否定转移
       当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。

2简化
       宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（年山东烟台）
I don’t know what ___________ ___________ with the letter.
       答案与解析：答案为to do。

3注意if和when
       if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。

Step 2 典型例题讲解
1. --- Could you tell us how long ______?
 --- About three days.
A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last
C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last
2. I want to know______,
A. what is his name B what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
3．Parents are taught to understand_____important education is to their children’s future.(2004广东卷)
A. that B. how C. such D. so
4．I wonder _______ they will come here with tomorrow.
A. whether B. when C. who D. how
5. ---Could you tell me ______?
---I'm not sure.
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
6. --- Can I help you?
--- Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it
7. ---Could you let me know ___________ yesterday?
---Because the traffic was heavy.
A. why did you come late B. why you came late
C. why do you come late D. why you come late
8. A computer can only do _________you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as        B. which        C. what     D. that
10. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note
A. which B. why C. what D. how
【解析】
1．D 宾语从句用陈述句语序。
2．D 宾语从句用陈述句语序。
3． B题干中的“_____important education is to their children’s future”应理解为：education为主语，important是is的表语；to their children’s future是状语，所以空格处应为how修饰important。其实这个宾语从句是一个感叹句。
4．C 后面的"with"决定了用"who"。
5．A 宾语从句用陈述句语序。
6. C how soon一般用于指某事过多久后或到什么时候才发生，how long一般用于指某事需持续多长时间。
7. B yesterday表明宾语从句应用一般过去时，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
8． C。 分析本句的结构可知， 空白处应填的连词应作宾语从句中动词不定式中动词do的宾语。所以，该连接词应是连接代词。故应选C。
9． C。 介词at之后是宾语从句，其中I thought是插入语。也可以把what分解为a speed that…
10．C what引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作短语be up to 的宾语。

练一练

1. Would you please tell me ?
AA) when will we have an English exam B) when we will have an English exam
CC) when would we have an English exam D) when we would have an English exam
2. Could you tell me ?
AA) when will the next bullet train leave for Nanjing
BB) when the next bullet train will leave for Nanjing
CC) when would the next bullet train leave for Nanjing
DD) when the next bullet train would leave for Nanjing
3. —Could you tell me tomorrow evening?
—Well, it will start at 9 o'clock.
AA) when the film will start B) when will the film start
CC) when the film would start D) when would the film start
4. Jack's mother wants to know .
AA) when will Jack come back B) when Jack will come back
CC) when would Jack come back D) when Jack would come back
5. I wonder .
AA) when the university campus in China opens to the public
BB) when will the university campus in China open to the public
CC) when would open the university campus in China to the public
DD) when the university campus in China will open to the public
6. The old lady couldn’t remember .
AA) where she had put her glasses B) where had she put her glasses
CC) where she puts her glasses D) where did she put her glasses
7. I’d like to see you off at the airport. Could you tell me _______?
AA. when your plane took off B. when did your plane take off
C. when your plane takes off D. when does your plane take off
8. . Jack's mother wants to know .
A) when will Jack come back
B) when Jack will come back
C) when would Jack come back
D) when Jack would come back

Keys：
1—5 BBABD 6—8 ACB

Step 3 阅读训练
日常生活
词数 336 难度 ★★★ 建议用时 6'30'' 实际用时 __________

Why is it there seems to be no place like "Mama's house" and no better cooking than "Mama's cooking"?
Our families get so caught up in daily routine that we seldom get together until Mama calls. We can always expect the hugs to begin at the front door, and the laughter to start just inside it. Our day is filled with memories that make us smile as we break bread together.
Some make us giggle out aloud and some make us cry with joy. In the end, we each walk around the house touching books on shelves that hold special meanings for us.
Yesterday, my sister-in-law recalled the first time she ever came to our house. My brother had warned every member of our family—especially my dad—that he was bringing home someone special. We had all been warned to be on our best behavior.
That night he brought her to meet the family. He led her back to the room where everybody was gathered, except my dad. Mama said that he was in the bathroom and would be right out. We could all tell how nervous Shelia was and never imagined what was about to happen.
My dad walked out of the bathroom, next to the room, wearing nothing but a towel wrapped around him. When Shelia looked up he said, "Shelia, Pm Chuck's dad," and then he quickly pulled the towel from around himself and dropped it to the floor!
We could remember her gasp to this day, and could just see my dad standing there with his long pants rolled up above his knee, with that giggle in his eye.
Even if Mama served pancakes on paper towels I dare say none of us would miss an opportunity to go back there and renew our hearts with good memories till the dinner bell rang again.

生词速查
giggle 咯咯笑 sister-in-law 弟媳
recall 回忆 wrapped 包住
gasp 深吸气 rolled up 卷起来

( ) 1. The author thinks "Mama's house" and "Mama's cooking" are __________.
A. poor B. special
C. ordinary D. surprising
( ) 2. The phrase "get so caught up in daily routine" means __________.
A. be excited about daily activities
B. be angry about everyday chores
C. be upset by everyday troubles
D. be busy with everyday life
( ) 3. Chuck was probably the author's __________.
A. friend B. name
C. brother D. book
( ) 4. Shelia was deeply impressed by __________
A. the first meeting with her father-in-law
B. what the man said to her
C. the members of Chuck's family
D. what the family had done
( ) 5. We can tell from the story that __________.
A. the author's father had a good sense of humor
B. the author didn't like his father's joke
C. the author's family was poor
D. the author's mother was a cook

词数 357 难度★★★★ 建议用时 7' 实际用时 __________
阅读短文，判断正误，正确的写T（true），错误的写F（false）。
She had been shopping with her Mom in the supermarket. She must have been 6 years old, with beautiful brown haired and freckle-faced. It was raining heavily outside.
We all stood there under the awning. We waited, some patiently and others angrily. I am always mesmerized by rainfall. I got lost in the sound and sight of the heavens washing away the dirt and dust of the world.
Her voice was so sweet as it broke the hypnotic trance we were all caught in. "Mom, let's run through the rain," she said.
"What?" Mom asked.
"Let's run through the rain!" she repeated.
"No, Honey. We'll wait until it slows down a bit," Mom replied.
This young child waited about another minute and repeated: "Mom, let's run through the rain."
"We'll get wet if we do," Mom said.
"No, we won't, Mom. That's not what you said this morning," the young girl said as she caught her Mom's arm.
"This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?"
"Don't you remember? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer, you said, 'If God can get us through this, he can get us through anything!'"
The whole crowd stopped dead silent. I promise you couldn't hear anything but the rain. We all stood silently. No one came or left in the next few minutes. Mom paused and thought for a moment about what she would say.
Now some would laugh it off and scold her for being silly. Some might even ignore what was said. But this was a moment of affirmation in a young child's life. "Honey, you are right. Let's run through the rain. If get wet, well maybe we just need washing," Mom said. Then off they ran.
We all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they ran past the cars. They held their shopping bags over their heads just in case they got wet. But they were followed by a few who screamed and laughed like children all the way to their cars. And yes, I did. I ran. I got wet. I needed washing.

生词速查
freckle-faced 雀斑脸 awning 雨篷
mesmerize 迷住 hypnotic trance 昏昏欲睡
cancer 癌症 scold 责骂
ignore 忽略 affirmation 肯定

( ) 6. The girl’s mother had beautiful brown haired and freckle-faced.
( ) 7. All the people were standing under the awning patiently.
( ) 8. The girl asked her mother to run through the rain twice.
( ) 9. The girl believed that God could get them through anything.
( ) 10. At last, the other children followed them to run through the rain happily.

1. B 文章第一段讲到了没有什么能够比得上Mama’s house and Mama’s cooking。
2. D 画线部分的意思是“忙于日常事务”。
3. C 据五、六两段可以判断Chuck的身份。
4. D 据六、七两段可得知答案。
5. A 文章主要讲述的事情是关于父亲的幽默。

6. F 应该是小女孩。
7. F 从We waited, some patiently and others angrily可知只是部分。
8. T 小女孩两次向妈妈提出请求，只不过第一次重复了一遍。
9. T 因为她相信她妈妈和爸爸的对话内容。
10. F 最后一段第三句写其他人像孩子一样跟着他们在雨中奔跑。

Step 4 小结

思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面

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