初中英语五种句型及练习.doc

五种基本句型
一、句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为五种。基本句型，如下表所示：
**注意：句子成分的表示法
S： Subject（主语） V：Verb（动词） O： Object（宾语）
P：Predicative（表语）OC： Object Complement（宾语补足语）
第1种 S+V We work.(不及物vi)
第2种 S+V+O He plays(及物vt) the piano
第3种 S+V+P We are(系动词) students
第4种 S+V+IO(间宾)+ DO(直宾) She gave(及物vt) me a pen +DO(直宾)
第5种 S+V+O+OC He made(及物vt) the boy laugh 1
二、五种基本句型讲解
**不及物动词vi：动作不涉及到人或物，本身意义完整，可接状语。
及物动词vt： 动作涉及到人或物，本身意义不完整，必接宾语。
1.第1种句型：主语+不及物动词(vi):S+VI
Birds fly. He runs in the park. -
因为谓语是由是不及物动词充当，后面当然不能带宾语了，但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的 in the park，是地点状语。
比较 Class begins(vi). We begin (vt) our class at eight.
begin既可作及物动词(vt),也可以作不及物动词(vi)。
请认真牢记！只能当不及物动词vi的动词
sleep 睡觉 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen（take place）发生 go去
come来 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在…… arrive 到达
2 第2种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语：S+V+O My father read the book.
**注意:有些vi后面加上介词就可把它看成一个vt，后面就可以加宾语了。
You must listen to me.（listen是vi，但+to之后，listen to就是一个vt了）
作vt宾语的词有名词、代词、不定式、动名词，或相当于名词、代词的短语。
She likes English.（n作O） I know him very well.（pron作O）
They want to go.（不定式作O）He stopped writing.（动名词作O）
3 第3种句型：主语+系动词+表语：S+V+P He became a scientist.
be动词和become是常见的系动词，后面必须接P，才能用来说明主语，表示
“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。
表语通常是名词或形容词等。
They are honest. (adj作p) He became a scientist. (n作p)
His face goes red. (adj作p) It grew dark. (adj作p)
**注意:在英语中，除了be和become外，还有一些实义动词，当表示状态存在或状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有：
keep 保持 look 看起来 fell 觉得 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 taste 尝起来
grow， get，go， turn 变得
4 第4种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语: S+vt|+IO+DO
He gave Tom a present. Give it to me.
1)、双宾语：间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO)。指“人”的宾语，叫间接宾语(IO)；
指“物”的宾语，叫直接宾语(DO) Eg: We sent them(IO) a telegram(DO).
2)、双宾语的位置：在句中一般把指“人”的IO放在指“物”的DO前；也可以把指“物”的DO放在指“人”的IO前,其意义不变。但把指“物”的DO放在指“人”的IO前时，要加适当的介词to 或for.
请认真牢记！指“物”的DO放在指“人”的IO前时,
A类：在指“人”的IO前+to的
show给…看 send寄，打电报 bring带… read读… pass递给…lend借给…
leave留给… hand交给… tell告诉…return把…还给… write给…写信
throw扔… promise答应…refuse 拒绝…
Don’t throw them to the animals. She has lent the pen to her.
B类：在指“人”的IO前+for的
buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为…交钱
I’d like to do anything for you. He has ordered a seat for us.
3)、注意：当DO是人称代词，IO是名词时，或双宾语都是人称代词时，DO位于IO之前，这时在间接宾语前必须加to或for。
I pass it to my mother. She threw them to me.
Give the book to me.（间接宾语放在句尾为了强调，强调给我而不要给别人）
He will buy me some books. =He will buy some books for me.
She made me a cake. =She made a cake for me. 她给我做糕点。
He gave me a pen. =He gave a pen to me. 他把钢笔给我。
I sent him it. (×) I sent it to him. (√) 我把它送给他。
4)、S+V+IO（人）+DO（物）→＜疑问词+ to～＞
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+to～（不定式）
He taught me how to read the word. I told him what to do.
He asked me why to sing this song. She asked me which way to go.
5)、第4种句型变为被动语态，有两种情况：We sent them a telegram.→被语态
A： They were sent a telegram. B：A telegram was sent to them.
He bought me a rose. →被语态
A：I was bought a rose. B：A rose was bought for me.
5、第5种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，S+V（及物）+O+OC
We call her Connie.宾补(n) They made her happy. 宾补(adj)
1).在有些vt后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语OC,才能表达完整的意思。这样宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾补OC由名词、形容词和不定式充当。
I saw her dance. 宾补(不定式) I saw her dancing. 宾补(v-ing)
2).常跟复合宾语的动词有：Call，name，make，think，find， leave。
I will make you captain. I found the movie interesting.
He left the window open.
3).在see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make(使得)，have(使得)
这些动词后的宾语补足语如果是不定式充当，则省去“to”。但变为被动语态时“to”还原。 He listened to the pianist play the piano.
被动：The pianist was lisened to play the piano.
4).注意:这种句型变为被动语态时，只有一种句式。
We will make you king. →You will be made king.（被动）
6、第4种句型和第5种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较
(1) He gave me a book.（双宾语） (2)He calls me Tom.（复合宾语）
例(2)中的宾语me（我），和宾语补足语Tom（汤姆），有逻辑上的主谓关系，
即“我是汤姆”。但例(1)则不可以，所以双宾语没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
**He made the boy laugh.他使男孩笑.
（宾语the boy和后边的成分laugh，“男孩笑”，即可以成为一句话，也就是
逻辑上的主谓关系，而不是真正的主谓关系。）
**She bought me a pen.她买给我一支笔。
（宾语me（我）和后面的词a pen（一支笔）不可能成为逻辑上的主谓关系，不可能想像为“我是一支笔”，所以就是双宾语。）
一、用所给的单词组成句子
1, want, take, to, room, heavy, the. →
2．look, things, the, after, boys, their, must. →
3．here, all, are, you. →
4．today, who, duty, is, on? →
5．Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese.
→
6．is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the. →
7．him, them, to, a, gift, promised, give, I. →
8．begins, eight, the, English, at, class, o'clock. →
二、完成下列句子
1．Have you ever been to ______ （最远的小岛）
2．We must ______ our classroom ______ .（保持清洁）.
3．They ______ ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______ two hours
（每二小时，必须坐下休息）
4．After work he always ______ ______ ______ ______ （感到有点儿累）.
5．The doctor ______ ______ Tom ______ ______ （非常仔细地做了检查）.
6．There is ______ ______ （有点毛病）with Linda's cat's eyes.
7．I can see ______ ______ （没有异常之物）in the tree.
8．Mr. Fang is ______ ______ ______ ______ （去……访问） his aunt.
9．Mike ______ ______ ______ his mother ______ （得帮妈妈）the washing every Sunday.
三、指出下列句子的主语部分 1．Who is the gentleman in the room?
2．Who is singing on the plateform? 3．What he said is not true.
四、判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（连系动词／助动词）
1.The boy is asleep (_____________式) 2.The boy is sleeping. (________式)
3.The boy is playing the guitar. (______式) 4.He is playing happily. (_______式)
5.His music is very beautiful. (______式) 6.It is beautiful music. (________式)
五、判断这些句子的类型
1. She is a very good girl . (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (___语)
2. The girl is very good. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (___语)
3. They ‖ laughed. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词)
4. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词)
5. I ‖ bought a new bike. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语)
6. He ‖ plays volleyball. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语)
7. She ‖ told me a story. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
8. He ‖ gave me a good book. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
9.He ‖ asked me to help him. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
10.He ‖ made me happy. (_______________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)