高考英语七选五.doc

高考英语七选五

　　(一)选项特点： 主旨概括句(文章整体内容)

　　过渡性句子(文章结构)

　　注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)

　　(二)1、如果空格出现在段首，大部分时候是关于这一段的大意。这时要通读整段再选择能够体现整段意思的句子。

　　2、如果空格出现在段中，这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。

　　3.如果空格出现在段尾，通常是指事情的结尾或者是总结句。

　　高考英语七选五解题方法

　　(三) 7选5考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性，因此就要使用到各种达到连贯目的的各种衔接手段，即：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。

　　1)词汇同现法

　　词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

　　2)代词线索

　　英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

　　3)数字线索

　　包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。

　　4)逻辑关系线索

　　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither„nor„,either„or„,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more

　　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so„that,consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course

　　(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of

　　(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。

　　高考英语七选五解题具体方法：

　　1.阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词

　　在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)，专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。 23.比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案

　　4.将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。

七选五口诀：文章标题猜大意 段首段尾主题句 空前空后逻辑性 同义举例与对比

七选五解题技巧指导
七选五阅读理解的题目常常出现在以下几点：一是描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，因此时间、地点常是出题重点（记叙文）；二是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述（说明文）；三是比较性结构，把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比（议论文）；四是原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的（说明文）；五是驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点（议论文）。

具体答题步骤如下：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。请从下面几个备选答案中判断句子的位置：
A. Later I received 50 cents an hour. （     ）
　　B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself. （      ）
　　C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.　（　　　）
　　D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.（　　　）
　　E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.　（　　　）
　　F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.　（　　　）
　　G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.　（　　　）

步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。

步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。

步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
　　文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。

步骤五：区分相似项
    七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。

步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
　　将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。

辽宁省2010年高考例题：
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 71   I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”
　　At first I was paid in candy.  72  I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bannk account.  73 
　　By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that the promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas.  74 
　　The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.  75  expect they are NO longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.
　　B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.
　　C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.　
　　D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
　　E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.　
　　F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.　
　　G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.　

辽宁省2009年高考例题：
71  

   Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.
●  Location （位置）
72  Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study, since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at band without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying.
●   Keeping Things in Order
     Parents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn’t using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect   73  The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom.
●   __74___
Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way.   75   Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.
A. Attitude Is Everything.
B. Bring Organization into Your Home.
C. Here are several ways to choose a location.
D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment.
E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.
F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.
G. A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.

分享：