英语初三寒假讲义.doc

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寒假九年级英语 第四讲
一、课前测
(一) 根据句意及汉语提示写单词。
1．John has got his driver‘s ____ (执照) since he came to China.
2．We all ___ (同意) with what you said just now.
3．The boy fell off the bike and hurt his legs. He couldn't help ____ (哭)．
4．We are supposed to give him a ____(拥抱)．
5．To be honest, I ___ (懊悔) arguing with my mother. So I said sorry to her.
6．The teacher asked me to translate these English ___ (诗) into Chinese.
7．It's a good ____ (机会) for me. I won't miss it.
8．The box is too heavy for me to ____ (举起). Who can help me?
9．Teachers should tell the students the importance of ____ (安全)．
10．The organization should ____ (教育) the young parents how to look after their children.

【答案】1.license 2. agreed 3. crying 4. hug 5. regretted 6. poems 7. chance 8. Lift 9. safety 10. educate

（二）用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Her father and brother are both ____ (policeman)．
2．I hope ____ (visit) somewhere interesting next winter.
3．People used guns to kill a lot of wild ____ (wolf) in the past.
4．There is so much ____ (noisy) in this restaurant. I can hardly hear you talking.
5．He often feels ___ (sleep) whenever he tries to read a book.
6．There are many people ____ (dance) in the park every evening.
7．— ____(who) football is this?
— It might be Holly's.
8．There's something ____ (value) in my bag. Please be careful with it.
9．Everyone in our neighborhood feels ___ (easy) because we always hear some strange sound at midnight.
10．They believed something ___ (usual) was happening in the new company. Everyone seemed strange.
11．I don't think teenagers should get their ears __ (pierce).
12．Sixteen year olds shouldn't be ____ (allow) to drive.
13．How many magazines can be ____ (borrow) from the library every week?
14．I ____ (agree) with you－I think it's a bad idea.
15．He often plays soccer with his friends instead of ____ (play) computer games at home.
16．We were worried about the children's ____ (safe)．
17．The sign says “No ___ (smoke)”．
18．My father works in a company and he is the ____ (manage) of that company.
19．In the old ______ (social), farmers lived a hard life.
20．Many people are discussing about Chinese _____ (educate) now.

【答案】1.policemen 2. To visit 3.wolves 4.noise 5. sleepy 6.dancing 7.whose 8.valuable 9. uneasy 10. unusual 11.pierced 12. allowed 13. borrowed 14. Disagree 15. playing 16. safety 17. smoking 18. manager 19 society 20. Education

（三）首字母填空
1．Judy said he used to see aliens l_____ in his yard. I don't think he told the truth.
2．Those little children stood in a c_____ and played games happily.
3．My sister told me that she had sent me a letter, but I haven't r______ it yet.
4．— What was the p______ of your journey to London?
— I wanted to see Buckingham Palace.
5．The soldiers were very brave and they won the v______ of the war.
6．The rich man gave out much money to m______ research.
7．So far, no medicine can p______ Ebola virus successfully.
8．The little boy is full of e_______ that he can't keep still.
9．To h________ the great man, we put up his picture on the wall.
10．Lisa is so excited that she can't find words to e________ her feelings
11．Mr.Bean e______ our classroom and told us a lot of jokes in my dream last night.
12．Only then will I have a chance of a_______ my dream.
13．Grandpa Bai Fangli has s_________ many poor students to universities.
14．He has made a d_________ to visit the West Lake in the coming summer holidays.
15．Do you like the p________ written by Li Bai?
16．Lisa's mother is s_______ with her. Lisa isn't allowed to hang out with her friends on weekends.
17．Tom s________ in dealing with the problem yesterday. His boss was pleased with him.
18．If you don't study hard, you may f______ the exam.
19．The policeman told us the I_______ of obeying traffic rules.
20．You have no other c_______ but to accept the invitation.

【答案】1. land 2. circle 3.received 4. purpose 5. victory 6. medical 7. Prevent 8. energy 9. honor 10.express 11. Entered 12. Achieving 13. Supported 14. Decision 15. Poems 16. Strict 17. Succeeded 18. Fail 19. Importance 20. Choice

二、知识梳理
考点一、
allow动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于以下结构中：
1. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事
eg：They allow me to watch TV.他们允许我看电视。
2. allow (doing) sth.允许(做)某事
eg：They allow our taking photos here.他们允许我们在这里拍照。

考点二、
tiny，small与little的辨析
1. tiny带有较强的感情色彩，意为“较小的”。
eg：The cat is tiny.这只猫很小。
2. small侧重于尺寸、数量、规模等，意为“小的；不大的”。
eg：The pair of shoes is too small for me.这双鞋我穿太小了。
3. little常含有喜爱或称赞的意味。
eg：She is a little girl.她是一个(可爱的)小姑娘。

考点三、
含情态动词的被动语态
1. 肯定句式：主语＋情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋by...)
eg：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.青少年应该被允许选择他们自己的服装。
2. 否定句式：主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋by...)
3. 一般疑问句式：情态动词＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋by...)?
肯定回答：“Yes，主语＋情态动词”；否定回答：“No，主语＋情态动词＋not”。
【注意】含must的一般疑问句作否定回答时应用needn't；而含need的一般疑问句作肯定回答时应用must。
eg：—Must all the rooms be tidied up？所有的房间都必须整理好吗？
—Yes，they must.是的，必须整理好。
—No，they needn't.不，不必都整理好。
—Need he be operated on at once？他需要立即手术吗？
—Yes，he must.是的，他必须。
—No，he needn't.不，他不需要。
4. 特殊疑问句式：
①疑问副词/代词(不作主语)＋情态动词＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词(＋by...)?
②疑问代词(作主语)＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词(＋by...)?
eg：When can my computer be repaired？我的电脑什么时候能修好？
【拓展】不能用被动语态的几种动词：
①不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：die，happen，take place等。
②感官动词、半连系动词没有被动态。如：feel，become，get，look，seem等。
③有些动词用主动形式表被动意义。
eg：This pen writes well.这支笔很好写。

考点四、
fail动词，意为“失败，不及格”。当fail作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或不定式；当fail作不及物动词时，后接in，再接宾语。
【拓展】
1. fail意为“失败”时，其反义词是succeed，意为“成功”；fail意为“不及格”时，其反义词是pass，意为“及格；通过”。
2. fail的名词是failure，其反义词是success。

考点五、
agree with，agree to与agree on/upon的辨析
这三个短语都有“同意，赞同”之意，但其用法有所不同。
1. agree with后接表示人或意见、看法的词，意为“同意某人(的看法或意见)”。
eg：I quite agree with you.我非常同意你(的意见)。
2. agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词，意为“同意计划或建议等”。
eg：He agreed to our suggestion about the holiday yesterday.他昨天同意我们度假的建议了。
3. agree on/upon指协商后在某方面取得一致意见或达成协议。
eg：We agreed on the price.我们就价格达成了一致意见。

考点六、
regret动词，意为“感到遗憾；懊悔”
1. regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(事情未做)
2. regret doing sth.遗憾/后悔做了某事(事情已做)
【拓展】作名词，意为“懊悔”。
eg：Do you have any regrets about not going to university？你后悔没有上大学吗？

考点七、
only引导的倒装句
在句首的only的后面如果跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用倒装结构。即：Only＋状语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词 ＋主语。如果only后跟的是主语，则不用倒装。
eg：Only 3 people were hurt in the car accident.只有3个人在车祸中受伤。
Only then can we know for sure which one is more effective.

考点八、
attend动词，意为“出席；参加”。通常用于参加会议、看演出、上课等。
eg：She attended the meeting.她出席了这次会议。
【拓展】 attend作动词，还可意为“照顾；侍候”，相当于look after或serve。
eg：The nurse is attending the patient carefully.护士正在细心地照顾这个病人。

考点九、
noise，voice与sound的辨析
1. noise通常指噪音，指人们所听到的不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。
2. voice一般指人的嗓音、说话声和歌唱声。
3. sound泛指听到的任何声音或响声。
eg：There was a loud noise outside the classroom.The physics teacher had to raise his voice，“Light travels much faster than sound.”教室外面一片嘈杂声，物理老师只得提高了声音说：“光的传播速度比声音快得多。”

考点十、
1. There be sb./sth.doing sth.固定句型，意为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。
eg：There are some people sitting and chatting under the tree.有一些人正坐在树下聊天。
2. There be sb./sth done, 意为“有某人或某物正在被做”。
3. There be sb./sth to do意为“有某人或某物要去做”。

考点十一、
1. run after追赶；追逐
run after sb./sth.意为“追赶某人/追逐某物”。
eg：Young men should run after their dreams and never give up.年青人应该追逐梦想，永不言弃。
2. run构成的常用短语：
run out耗尽
run out of用完；用光
run across偶然遇到

考点十二、
catch动词，在此意为“追上，赶上”。
eg：catch a bus赶公共汽车
【拓展】catch还可意为“接住；抓住，捉住，逮住；感染上，传染上”等。
eg：catch the ball接球
catch the fish捉鱼
catch the thief抓贼
catch a cold感冒

考点十三、
1. 情态动词must，can/could，may/might表示推测时，要根据肯定、否定或疑问的不同形式选用不同的情态动词。
2. “情态动词＋do sth.”表示对现在事情的推测；“情态动词＋be doing sth.”表示对正在发生的事情的推测；“情态动词＋have done sth.”表示对过去或已完成事情的推测。
eg：They must be in the classroom now.他们现在一定在教室里。
Peter may/might have been hurt in the car accident.彼得可能在车祸中受了伤。
3. 肯定推测
①must用于肯定句，意为“准是，一定”，后面接动词原形，表示对现在较有把握的推测。
eg：—I've had no sleep for 48 hours.我已经48小时没睡觉了。
—You must be exhausted.你一定筋疲力尽了。
【注意】mustn't表示“禁止，绝不允许”。
②may，could，might意为“可能，也许”，表示可能性较小的肯定推测。
eg：You may be right.你可能是对的。
He could/might be running for exercise.他可能正在跑步锻炼。
③can用在肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性。
eg：Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟有可能引发癌症。
4. 否定推测
①表否定推测时，can't/couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
eg：The story sounds reasonable，but it can't be true.这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。
②may not/might not/could not表示不太有把握的否定推测，意为“可能不(会)是”。
eg：He could not/might not be at home.I'm not sure.他可能不在家，我不确定。
5. 疑问句中的推测
疑问句中的推测，常用can或could，意为“可能”。
eg：There is someone outside.Who can it be？外面有人，会是谁呢？
6. 特殊疑问中询问人的表猜测的句型。
句型：
①“Whose＋一般疑问句？”
②“Whose＋名词＋一般疑问句？”
答语：
①使用名词所有格或物主代词来回答。
②使用belong to sb.结构来回答。
eg：—Whose is this umbrella？/Whose umbrella is this？这把雨伞是谁的？
—It's Mary's./It belongs to Mary.是玛丽的。

考点十四、
receive与accept的辨析
1. receive动词，意为“接收；收到”，指收到某物这一动作，不含本身是否愿意接受的意思。
2. accept动词，意为“接受”，指由主观意志来决定接受某物。
eg：I received an invitation to the party yesterday，but I refused to accept it.昨天我接到一份参加晚会的邀请，但我拒绝接受。

考点十五、
prevent动词，意为“阻止；阻挠”，常用于词组prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.中，意为“阻止某人做某事”。
eg：We should try our best to prevent accidents.我们应当尽力防止事故发生。
【拓展】prevent/stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.三者都表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”，通常可互换使用。
【注意】在被动语态中，三者中的from都不可省略。

四、课堂练习
(一)、词汇运用
I am a middle school student. I have a lot of 1________(规定) in my house. I have to study harder than before. My parents are 2________ (严格) with me. I’m not allowed to be late for school or stay up. I can’t get my ears 3________ (穿孔)．They are always worried about my 4________ (安全). I can’t go out with my friends at night. I am not allowed to 5________ (选择) my own clothes. I have some hobbies. But my parents think these can get in the way of my 6 ________ (学业). I have always wanted to be a 7________(职业的) runner when I grow up. However, my parents won’t allow me to train so much. They have always taught me how important it is to study at school and 8 ________ (进入) university. I know my parents care about me. But I think I should be allowed to 9________(决定) for myself. Only then will I have a 10________ (机会)to achieve my dream.
【答案】1. Rules 2. Strict 3. Pierced 4. Safety 5. Choose 6. Schoolwork 7. Professional 8. Enter 9. Decide 10. chance

(二) 用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空。
solve, choose, build, succeed, study, run, he, angry, bad, decide

1．If you truly want to be a professional player, you must practice ______ every day.
2．If you always let others make _____ for you, you'll never succeed.
3．We have nothing against ________ a new school.
4．It's only about 30 minutes by plane, but it's the most expensive ____．
5．At last, he succeeded in ________ the problem.
6．“Don't talk with each other anymore！” the teacher shouted ______.
7．The boy fell down from the tree and hurt ________．
8．My uncle is a _________ businessman. He has many companies all over the world.
9．I hope to have a chance _________ abroad.
10．He never listens to the teacher in math class. So he does ________ in his math exams.
【答案】1. running 2. Decision 3. Building 4. Choice 5. Solving 6. Angrily 7. Himself 8. Successful 9. To study 10. badly
lead, suit, medicine, express, mystery，direct, visit, energy, enemy, value

1．A ____ team went to Ludian, Qujing as soon as they heard that an earthquake happened there.
2．Though my grandfather is very old, but he is still ____.
3．In my mind, Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest _______ in the world.
4．These books are not very _________ for kids under six years old.
5．I can understand him by reading the ________ on his face.
6．Her grandmother left her a __________ ring.
7．There are many __________ on the beaches in Qingdao every summer.
8．I think Stonehenge is one of the greatest __________ in the world.
9．The sun shines ___________ into the center of the stones on midsummer's morning.
10．Many students regard their teachers as their ___________. But I don't think so.
【答案】1. medical 2. energetic 3. leaders 4. suitable 5. expressions 6. valuable 7. visitors 8. Mysteries 9. directly 10. enemies

（三）句子翻译
1．如果他最终没有成为一名职业运动员，那会发生什么呢？
What will happen if he doesn't _____ ____ _______ a _________ runner?
2．我应该被允许自己做这个选择。
I should ______ _________ to make this ________ _________.
3．只有那时我才有机会实现梦想。
Only then will I ________ ________ _________ to ________ my dream.
4．我们并不反对跑步。
We ________ _________ _________ __________.
5．会议期间，手机应该被关掉。
Mobile phones should ________ _________ ________ during the meeting.
6．无论我们有多少困难，我相信最终所有的问题都将得到解决。
_______ ________ how many _______ we have, I believe all problems can _____ _____ ______ _______ ________．
7．他可能正跑着去赶上班的公汽。
He _______ ________ __________ to catch a bus to work.
8．巨石阵是以一种特定的方式垒在一起的。
The large stones were put together _______ _________ ________ ____________.
9．巨石阵是在很长一段时间里被逐步建造起来的。
Stonehenge ______ _______ slowly over ______ ______ ______ ______ _________.
10．一些人认为，那些石头不仅可以阻止人们生病，还能使人保持健康。
Some people think the rocks can _____ _______ _______ people ______ ______ ill _______ ________ keep them healthy.
11．其它人认为那些石头有一种医学目的。
Other people believe the stone has a ________ ___________.
12．有些人认为人们是为了庆祝击败敌人而建造了它。
Some think it was built to celebrate ______ ______ _____ ______ ________．
【答案】1. End up as professional 2. Be allowed choice 3. Have a chance to achieve 4. Have nothing against running 5. Be kept off 6. No matter difficulties be solved in the end 7. Must be running 8. In a certain way 9. Was built a long period of time 10. Not only prevent people from being but also 11. Medical purpose 12. A victory over an enemy

(四) 情态动词填空
1. I haven't seen Amy for several years. She _______ be a big girl now.
2．The brown wallet ________ be Tom's or Bill's. They both like brown.
3．— Is the woman over there our math teacher?
— She ________ be, but I'm not sure.
4．— Whose jeans are these? I found them on the chair in the living room.
— They ________ be mine. I put my jeans on my bed.
5．The bike __________ be Andy's. Look! His bag is on it.
【答案】1.must 2. may/might/could 3. may/might/could 4. Can’t 5. must

（五）语法填空
Wonder why you get angry so ___1___ (easy) while your friend smiles all the time? It’s p__2___ because you both have different personalities.
Personality is also about ____3__people think, behave, and react to everything around them from day to day.
So what ___4____(make) people think and behave in certain ways?
Part of the reason is that people are born like this. __5____ baby gets his blood type, genes and other physical things when he’s still inside his mother. These things may help decide what the baby will be __6____.
But one’s personality doesn’t stop here. Family life, school __7____(learn) and life experience can also make you the person you are. This doesn’t mean it’s impossible to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself __8_____(good). Don’t get too worried about your week points. Just accept them. This is a good way start making changes.
If you don’t know how to make friends, find out why. Is it because you are too shy? Tell___9___(your) to sm