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词义猜测题专练(一)——句意猜测类
A
[2019·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)] Elena Griffing has just spent her 72nd year working for the same San Francisco Bay Area hospital, and she has no plans to stop working anytime soon. The hospital has seen her recent 92nd birthday.
For Griffing, who has held several different positions in her decades of employment, every day on the job is a celebration. She can't wait to go to work every day and likes doing anything to help patients and others. She has taken only four days of sick leave in her 72 years of work.
On a Sunday about 17 years ago, she had her appendix (阑尾) cut off at the Berkeley facility. The following day, she put on her dress, walked one floor down from her hospital room and got to work. But when the doctor got wind, he sent her home.
Griffing's first day on the job was April 10, 1946, when she was 20. She worked there with founder and nurse Alta Alice Miner Bates. Her first job in the hospital was in the lab, where a woman's urine (尿) was put into animals like frogs and rabbits to determine if she had a baby. Griffing was the_righthand_woman__to_the_doctor and quickly became experienced in the job.
Now, she is living a regular and comfortable life, enjoying gardening, jazz and coming to work. If she has her way, she'll keep working “until they throw me out or they carry me out in a box”．
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：一个工作了72年的护士
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个在医院连续工作72年的护士的爱岗敬业的故事。
【熟词生义】 leave常用义：v.离开
例句：He was not allowed to leave the country. 他不被允许离开这个国家。
本句义：n. 休假
例句：I enclose the doctor's certificate and ask you for sick leave of two days.现附上医生证明并向您请病假两天。
【难句分析】 Her first job in the hospital was in the lab, where a woman's urine (尿) was put into animals like frogs and rabbits to determine if she had a baby.
分析：本句是一个复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the lab; if引导宾语从句。
译文：她在医院的第一份工作是在实验室里把一位女士的尿液注入诸如青蛙和兔子等动物(的身体中)来确定她是否怀孕。
1．What does Griffing think about her work in the hospital?
A．It is a moneyearning job.
B．It is a birthday celebration.
C．It is enjoyable.
D．It is helpful to her illness.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句“For Griffing, who has held several different positions in her decades of employment, every day on the job is a celebration”可知，在医院工作的每一天对Griffing来讲都是一种庆祝。由此可推知，Griffing认为在医院的工作是令人愉快的，故选C项。
2．What does the underlined part “the righthand woman to the doctor” mean?
A．The woman newly being a doctor.
B．The woman good at helping the doctor.
C．The woman good at using the doctor's right hand.
D．The woman knowing nothing about the doctor.
答案与解析：B 考查句意猜测。根据第四段最后一句中的“quickly became experienced in the job”可推知，画线部分所在句表示Griffing是医生的得力助手，并很快对工作娴熟起来，故选B项。
3．When will Griffing probably stop working?
A．When she is 94 years old.
B．When she is dead.
C．When she is 72 years old.
D．When her appendix is cut off.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“If she has her way, she'll keep working ‘until they throw me out or they carry me out in a box’”可推知，对Griffing来说，她将是生命不息，工作不止，故选B项。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Never Too Old to Work
B．A Righthand Woman
C．The Oldest Woman in the Hospital
D．An Old Woman Without Her Appendix
答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述了一个在医院连续工作72年的护士爱岗敬业的故事，而且这名护士将是生命不息，工作不止，故选A项。
B
[2019·潍坊高考模拟] It's not easy feeling like you're always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule to go back and make things right if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.
Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks. Although most would say “it's good to have high standards，” they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you come up less than your desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you're far from failing, you just don't see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you're stupid, and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough” label each and every day.
You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don't perform up to your expectations, then you think they are incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you can't trust anyone to get things right. So instead of being a team player you fly solo (单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.
The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it's the unachievable American dream that's damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In_a_society_that_overstates_mistakes,_is_it_any_wonder_that_so_many_young_people_attempt_the_impossible_task_of_being_perfect?
We all have flaws, fears, and make mistakes, and that's perfectly OK. It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person. We don't have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.
体裁：议论文 题材：社会文化 主题：不完美造就更好的我们
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，通过对“完美主义者”的心态和做法的描述，向我们指出，完美是不可能实现的。正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成长。
5．What might be the most suitable title of the text?
A．Far From Failing
B．Perfectly Imperfect
C．Perfectionism Phenomenon
D．Unachievable American Dream
答案与解析：B 考查主旨大意。文章通篇讨论完美主义者的心态和做法，并在最后一段得出结论“It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us... We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.”，由此可知，正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，有些事情根本就是不可能实现的，不完美反而造就更好的我们，故选B项。
6．Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?
A．Nobody is perfect.
B．Be generous with praise.
C．There is no best, only better.
D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“you wear the ‘not good enough’ label each and every day”可知，完美主义者总认为自己不够好。C项：没有最好，只有更好，符合完美主义者的心态。故选C项。
7．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?
A．More and more people are tolerating mistakes.
B．The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.
C．Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.
D．It's unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.
答案与解析：B 考查句意猜测。根据第四段中的“The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and... in our relationships.”可知，美国梦就是追求完美，这个无法实现的梦想正在破坏着我们的情感和心理健康。美国梦代表的是美国社会，而这个夸大错误、追求完美的社会对年轻人追求完美的行为产生了一定影响，所以这个社会应为完美主义负部分责任，故选B项。
8．What does the author think of imperfection?
A．It's part of our life.
B．It's unbearable.
C．It deserves to be overcome.
D．It does harm to our mental health.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段可知，我们都有缺点，都会犯错误，正是这些不完美使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，所以它是我们生活的一部分，故选A项。
C
[2019·长沙四校高考模拟卷(一)]Josh Morrison, 17, dreamed of raising $100,000 to build a home for a lowincome family. After years of hard work, his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago, Josh and his dad went into a Habitat for Humanity ReStore, a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh, then 11, also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，” he said. Josh set a fundraising (筹款) deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith. He raised money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbors, got publicity from local newspapers, and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fundraising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge, which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.
“I didn't care how long it took me，” Josh said. “I would raise $100,000.” With three weeks left, a company called Josh's house, offering to donate $18,000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $124,000 before his deadline. “The___momentum_just_kept_going,_and we decided to do more，” he said. “Josh's Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new townhouses. Josh has helped with some of the construction, as have other volunteers. He will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17yearold will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11yearold kid when starting fundraising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：募捐建房
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个11岁的少年因一次偶然的经历，决定为低收入家庭募捐建房，经过数年的不懈努力，实现了这一梦想。
9．Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in paragraph 2?
A．Straightforward. B．Openminded.
C．Determined. D．Cautious.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。结合文中对Josh Morrison筹款过程的描述以及第二段中的“Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn't shake his faith”可知，尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能在四年中完成这件事，但是他信念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”，故选C项。
10．Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?
A．To call for more attention.
B．To attain his goal.
C．To win approval from the locals.
D．To find sponsors for a family.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his goal of $100,000”和第三段中的“Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30,000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair... $19,000”可知，在截止日期前的四个月，离他的筹款目标还差30 000美元，于是他决定举办这个活动来达到目标，故选B项。
11．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．His project became more popular.
B．He received continuous donations.
C．The result was beyond expectations.
D．He got more support from the company.
答案与解析：B 考查句意理解。根据下文中的“we decided to do more”以及“‘Josh's Penny House’ is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new townhouses. Josh has helped with some of the construction”可知，捐款势头一直保持下去，他收到了比最初目标多的钱，于是打算做更多，他帮助建造Josh's Penny House以及24所新住宅来帮助需要的人，所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”，故选B项。
12．What will be the best title of the text?
A．An Astonishing Fundraiser
B．A Boy with a Warm Heart
C．Kindness from a Company
D．The Penny House Dream
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述了一个11岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力，实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的“Josh's Penny House”是解题的暗示。钱是Josh一分分筹来的，因此本文最佳标题是D项。
词义猜测题专练(二)——词汇猜测类
A
[2019·湖北八校3月联考] The pumpkin (南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butler's Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butler's Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area.
Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butler's Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras. “It's a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so that's why I think it's nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butler's grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.
“I didn't know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.” These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazza's mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep_afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.
体裁：记叙文 题材：日常活动 主题：自助果园巩固了家庭的关系
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。
【难句分析】 It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin.
分析：本句主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的介词短语作状语，状语中含有where引导的定语从句，其先行词为a pumpkin patch, where 在从句中作地点状语。
译文：这个果园有数以千计的南瓜，包括一片南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。
1．At Butler's Orchard, visitors can experience ________.
A．picking vegetables in person
B．growing vegetables by themselves
C．tasting fruits off season
D．selling pumpkins online
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables, and flowers”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘时令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花，故选A项。
2．Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?
A．They want to run it.
B．They want to grow vegetables.
C．It reminds him of his childhood.
D．It provides them with fun activities.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He says Butler's Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年，故选C项。
3．Which of the following best explains “keep afloat” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Guarantee. B．Earn.
C．Expand. D．Spend.
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开。由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近，故选A项。
4．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．The Fall Festival is an annual event.
B．Pumpkins at Butler's Orchard are organic.
C．Pick your own farms are increasingly popular.
D．Butler's Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用，故D项最能概括文意。
B
[2019·山西太原五中阶段检测] The Arctic Circle — the habitat of polar bears and decreasing sea ice at the top of the world — hit 32 degrees Celsius last week.
This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle.
The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and nearrecord temperatures this summer as a consequence of overall rising global temperatures.
In the past 40 years, Earth's climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells — making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said.
A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer — the coldadapted herbivores (食草动物) — cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic
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