初中名词所有格讲解及练习及答案.doc

名词及所有格
　　名词：表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
一、 名词的分类

名

词
类 别
意 义
例 词
专有名词
表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称
Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall
普通名词
可
数
名
词
个体名词
表示单个人的人或事物
girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country
集合 名词
表示一群人或一些事物的总称
people, police, team, clothes, group, crew
不
可
数
名
词
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli
抽象名词
表示抽象概念的词
fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care
　　注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
　　    2、由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词"the"，但它不大写。
　　    3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。
eg. beer ----a beer    一杯啤酒，  work--- a work  工厂，著作    ，glass---a glass  一个玻璃杯，     room空间---a room一个房间

二、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+'s；另一种是用of, 表示 "……的"
1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +'s。
eg. Mr. Mott's robot, children's clothes
(2) 以s或者es结尾的复数名词，所有格只在词尾 +'  eg. teachers' books
以s结尾的单数名词（通常为人名）+ ’或者’s eg: Engels’ book
不以s结尾的复数名词+ ‘s eg: the children’s bags/ the women’s work/
复合名词+’s eg: a grown-up’s education 成人教育
(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+'s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+'s。
eg. Lucy and Lily's room. (指两人共住一个房间)
Mrs Green's and Mrs Brown's son. (指两人各自的儿子)
(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略
　　      eg. the doctor's (office)    Mr. White's
2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。
　　    eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，
(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。
　　     eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man
(4) 双重所有格  eg. a friend of his,  the big nose of Tom's
(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。
　　eg. ten minutes' walk, today's newspaper
例题
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
　　  A. ideas   B. photos   C. news   D. stories
 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
　　  A. orange, orange          B. oranges, oranges
　　  C. oranges, orange         D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to  his home .
　　  A. 25 minutes' walk            B. 25 minute's walk
　　  C. 25 minute walk              D. 25 minutes walk
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
　　  A. people      B. person     C. the people    D. the person
5. Help yourself to __________.
　　  A. chickens and apples                 B. chickens and apple
　　  C. chicken and apple                   D. chicken and apples
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
　　  A. room's number      B. rooms' number     C. room numbers      D. rooms' numbers
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
　　  A. family       B. house      C. home       D. room
8. ________ mothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
　　  A. Mary and Peter's              B. Mary and Peter
　　  C. Mary's and Peter              D. Mary's and Peter's
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
　　  A. her uncle    B. her uncle's     C. her uncles          D. aunt's
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't ________ in teaching.
　　   A. many experiences          B. much experience
　　   C. an experience              D. a lot experience
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
　　   A. you        B. your         C. your sister         D. your sister's
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
　　   A. Frenchmen, Germans        B. Germans ,Frenchmans 
　　   C. Frenchmans , Germen        D. Germen , Frenchmen
13.The team ________  having a meeting .
　　   A. is        B. are         C. am          D. be
14. "Would you like _________?"    "________, please."
　　A. drink, Three coffees          B. a cup of drink, Coffees
　　C. a drink, A coffee             D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
　　   A.earth and stone, millions of          B. earths and stones, millions
　　   C. the earth and stone, million of        D. the earths and stones, millions
选择练习　　
1． Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
　　A. child, lives     B. children, life     C. children, lives    D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
　　  ---OK, how happy they both looked!
　　  A. my father and mother             B. my mother and father's
　　  C. my mother's and father's           D.my father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
　　   A. Class Third     B. Third Class     C. Class Three      D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
　　  A. Teachers       B. Teachers'       C. the Teachers'       D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
　　  A.half an hours'    B. half an hour's     C. half an hour      D. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
　　  --- _________, please.
　　  A.Two cup of coffee       B. Two cups of coffe
　　  C. Two cups of coffee      D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
　　  A. fun         B. wishes       C. interest       D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
　　  A. child        B. boy       C. boys        D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
　　  A. two weeks    B. two-weeks    C. two weeks'     D. two week's
10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.
　　  A. visitor      B. visitors        C. visitor's          D. visitors'
11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?
　　  --- There are two ___________.
　　   A. hundreds      B. hundred       C. hundred of      D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
　　   --- It sounds really wonderful.
　　  A. subject      B. music      C. book       D. animal
13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.
　　  A. place        B. room      C. field        D. ground
14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it
　　A. Wool       B. Pork       C. Mutton        D. Milk
15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
　　A. medicine    B. lessons     C. photos      D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
　　   A. minute      B. minutes'    C. minutes's     D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
　　  A. a good news    B. some good news    C. some good newes   D. much good news
18. Which is the ________ to the post office?
　　  A. street         B. way        C. road       D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
　　  A. my uncles      B. my uncles'     C. my uncle's     D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
　　  A. are          B. is           C. am         D. were

一、答案及解析：
1. 解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.
2. 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3. 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此选A。
4. 解析: person 与people 都有"人" 的意思, 但用法不同. "一个人"用 "a person",
　　"两个人" 用 "two persons"; people 泛指 "人们"是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 "人民", a people 指 "一个民族". 应选B。
5. 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。
6. 解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher,  two bus drivers 等.  应选C。
7. 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. 解析: 此句中 "mothers"是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9. 解析: 此句意为 "李雷这个去她舅舅家多次". 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.
　　因此选B。
10. 解析: experience  作 "经验" 讲时是不可数名词, 作 "经历"讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 "经验",因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11. 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12. 解析:  Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.
13. 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14. 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee,
　　当前面加a 时,则表示　"一杯"．因此选C。
15. 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .
因此选A
二、答案： 1-5  CBCBB     6-10 CACCD     11-15 ABBCD    16-20 BBBCB