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动词的时态和语态
1. --Look! Somebody the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
试题分析：这里强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响。所以要用完成时态。同时，这个过去发生的动作到说话时已经完成，而不是一直进行下去，所以用现在完成时。（如果一直进行下去，并有可能持续到将来，就用现在完成进行时。）
2. Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ____ later in life.
A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid
试题分析：句意：别担心，你现在的努力今后会得到回报的。根据先时后态，判断出时间为将来(later in life以后的日子中)本句中的时间状语later in life相对于now来讲当然是将来时间，故可以确定为将来时。
3. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there’s left.
A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out
试题分析：考查run out用法以及将来时用法。Run out用完，耗尽；该词组没有被动语态，排除CD。句意：在洪涝灾害袭击地区的食品供应即将耗尽，我们必须在食品用完之前立刻行动。根据句意说明现在还没有耗尽食品，是就要耗尽了。故B正确。
4. --Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? --Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
试题分析：句意：--kevin,你看起来很担心，怎么了？--我参加了一次考试，现在正在等结果。油I’m waiting for the result.可知是过去参加考试的。
5. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday.
A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid
试题分析：I was wondering if you could…表达委婉的意思，用法和could you / would you差不多，所以前面用过去时不影响后面用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。
(I was wondering if you could help me. 不知道你能否帮助我。
I was wondering if I could borrow your car? 我在想我是否能借你的车?
A: I was wondering if you could tell me where the bus station is. 我不知道你能不能告诉我汽车站在哪儿。
B: Sure. It's about two blocks that way and then turn left. You can't miss it. 没问题。沿着这个方向走大概两个街区，然后左转。你一定会看到的。)
还可以有两种解释，一种解释是，was wondering表示刚刚心想，和后面从句不相关，则周五拿薪水的事情还没发生，从句could是情态动词，until从句用一般现在时表示将来时。另一种解释是 was wondering后面跟虚拟语气，表示不肯定这是能发生，则从句用了could不是情态动词而是虚拟从句用法，until后面因为主语是I,省略虚拟助词would/should。
6. --Did you catch what I said? --Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.
A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering
试题分析：本题考查动词时态。句意为：“你听懂我所说的了吗？”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故选过去进行时态D
7. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____.
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住 , 因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知 , 应使用进行时；且 house与动词 rebuilt之间为被动关系 , 故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。选 A。
8. —Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?
A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying
试题分析：考查时态。句意：—我可以在今天下午2点回电话给你吗？—对不起，那个时候我正在飞往北京，五点怎么样？根据句意说明在下午2点的时候，我正在飞往北京。用将来进行时表示在将来某个时间点上正在进行正在发生的动作。故C正确。
9. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting
试题分析：句意已经很明确了，说话的时点是你还没看完书的时候，那么你看完的时候，就是将来了。这句话强调的是你看完书的那一个时点，你的饭就是凉的了。B不能选，完成时更多的时候隐含一个过程，虽然不强调。
10. Our friendship _ ____ quickly over the weeks that followed.
A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed
试题分析：从时态解题的标志--时间状语上入手，the weeks that followed的表达约等于the last few weeks，这一时间状语已经把时间定格在过去，应选用一般过去时。句意：我们的友谊在接下来的几个星期里发展迅速。
11. The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told
试题解析：现在完成进行时，表从过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，并存现下去；依据句意，表“自上午9点以来，经理一直在告诉工人们如何来改善这个项目”。
如果用“现在完成时”，表从过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响，且此动作tell已经结束;但以此来翻译句子，则为:自上午9点以来，经理就已经告知工人们如何改善这个项目。
那么比较句意，用现在完成进行时，更能够表达“如何改善这个项目”，说明，说话时，经理还在讲述“如何改善....”，而这个tell动作还没有结束。
12. ---Did you ask Sophia for help? ---I ______ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.
A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
试题分析：考查情态动词。Need可以作为情态动词，后面直接加动词原形，常常用语疑问句或者否定句中。也可以作为行为动词，后面接不定式，有人称和时态的变化。句意：—你向Sophia求助了吗？—我不必要向她求助。我自己可以解决地很好。本句中使用一般过去时，同时也是否定句的形式。故C正确。
点评：情态动词就是表示说话者对事情的一种看法，也就是一种语气。情态动词的用法一直是命题者常设置的考点和重点，平时要加强记忆。值的注意的是，在英语中主要的情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, need , ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
13. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum
试题分析：句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前转。主句用过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。
14. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”
A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed
试题分析：此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理，所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”
15. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving
试题分析：本题中用过去进行时表示过去将来时，指按照计划安排在过去的某个时间将要做的事情。注意进行时表示将来时的时候，动词要是一些表示位置变化的动词。句意：听到两个工人就要离开的消息，经理很担心。
点评：过去进行时表示过去将来时，指按照计划安排在过去的某个时间将要做的事情。注意进行时表示将来时的时候，动词要是一些表示位置变化的动词。
16. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts
试题分析：根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。
17. 一 When did the computer crash?
一 This morning, while I the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted
试题分析：首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除A、C两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时。
18. — Alvin, are you coming with us? — I'd love to, but something unexpected.
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
试题分析：考查动词时态(现在完成时)。句意：——艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？——我想去，但是发生了点意外。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在造成了一定的影响，符合语境，故答案选A。B项表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作或所处的状态；C项表示过去的过去；D项表示过去的将来要发生的事情，均不符合语境，故排除。
19. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but_____ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon
试题分析：根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项（过去的过去），由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。
20. The president t hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he________.
A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start
试题分析： better off 是 well off 的比较级，为固定短语，意思是: 富裕，最高级是best off。它的反义词是 badly off 的比较级 worse off，意思是: 贫穷，最高级是 worst off。句意：“总统希望人们在他辞职时候比就任时过得更好。”一个动作用一般现在时表示将来，另一个动作用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。
21. I’m calling about the apartment you ______ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise
试题分析：考查时态：句意：我找你主要是谈几天前你广告的那所公寓。你能告诉我一些关于它的更多的信息吗？the other day.“几天前”，结合语境可知前文定语从句中描述的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态，选A。
22. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made
试题分析：本题考查学生对于时态的标志性时间状语的掌握情况。题中over/in the past years是一般现在时的标志，因此选择C项，句意为，莎士比亚的喜剧“哈姆雷特”在过去的这么多年中，已经被制成了至少十种不同的电影。
23. -- Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late? -- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.
A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been
试题分析：答句中的No,是根据Swiss Air is usually on time的猜测，因此可知mon and Dad还没有回来，答句只是根据已知的信息对将要发生的事情进行的预测，因此选择B选项，一般将来时。句意为，-----你认为妈妈和爸爸会迟到吗？---不会的，瑞士航空通常都是很准时的。
24. Hurry up! Mark and Carl ______ us.
A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect
试题分析：根据Hurry up!可知，we还在路上，还没有达到预定的目的地，而在目的地有两个人Mark and Carl在那里正等着we。因此选择B项，一般现在时。句意为，快点，马克和卡尔正在等着（期待）我们（的到达）呢。
25. --- So what is the procedure?
--- All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：——那么程序是什么样？——所有申请人都被面试后，官方才做出最后的决定。申请人通过面试为客观事实情况而不是具体一次性行为，且为被动，故选C项。
26. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
试题分析：句意：在2012年的台北花卉博览会开幕式上，这位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请来表演。句中“at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taibei Flower Expo”是过去的时间；又the famous musician和 invite是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。又因句子的主语为the famous musician,所以谓语动词用单数was。
27. The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking
试题分析：句意为：这个女孩对运动非常感兴趣，在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课。由句中的时间状语“over the last three years”可知动作在过去的三年中一直发生，并且有可能将来还持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
28. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I________ president.” said the boy, with a smile.
A. have been B.am C. was D. will be
试题解析：句意：克罗夫德女士问道：“你长大了，想做什么？”小孩带着微笑说：“哦，想当总统。”小孩长大了，将来当总统，故用动词的一般将来时态。
29. Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.
A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered
试题分析：从状语around two o’clock every night可判断出，本句要用一般现在时，will start表示现在的趋势而非将来时，故选择A。
30. If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done
试题分析：句意：如果不采取措施，海洋将变成鱼的沙漠。If引导的条件状语从句中：nothing作主语，和谓语动词原型do构成逻辑上的被动关系，用被动语态。
31. —Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it ________the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A. would be B.is C. has been D. will be
试题分析：句意：－你听说最近的选举没有？－当然，这是最近三天新闻唯一干的事情。本题注意到时间状语for the last three days.就好做了。“最后三天”，for 介词短语表时间段，故用完成时态，同时注意第一句中的：Have you heard about.
32. —I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry, But I ________ my homework.
A. had done B. was doing C. would do D.am doing
试题分析：句意：--我无法理解你昨天下午为什么没参加讲座。--实在对不起，但是那时我在做作业。根据语境可知此处表示昨天下午举行讲座的那段时间我正在做作业，用过去进行时表示过去的时间段里正在发生的事情。
33. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
试题分析：句意：一般认为，其他人对学生高的期望是他们发展的必要的内部动机对。本句主语是“motivation”，所以谓语动词用单数，而且是一般情况所以用一般现在时。
34. —Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure. I ______ a report at home.
A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing
试题分析：句意为：--我明天上午能使用你的车吗？--当然可以。(那时)我将在家写报告呢。A项是将来进行时，与题意相符。
35. “Never for a second,” the boy says, “______ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt
试题分析：句意：男孩说他一刻也没怀疑过他父亲会来救他。本句是否定词提前倒装，从“would”可判断是用过去时。
36. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.
A. had B. have C. would have D. have had
试题分析：句意：--昨天的自驾游怎么样？--太累人了！道路正在加宽，我们颠簸了一路。根据yesterday可知，驾车的动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故选A。
37. I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming
试题解析：句意为：那天过些时候我本会来拜访你的，但我打电话取消了。由but I had to phone and cancel.可以判断整句谈的是过去的事。A,C选项排除。透过句意可知I 站在过去的时间点来说将来，该用过去将来时。而英语中一些表示位置移动的动词（如come/go/fly/travel/arrive/等），常用进行时来表将来。所以选D.
【考点定位】动词时态的考查 come， go， leave， arrive， start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说过火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉过我她要来看我。
38. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _____ it for a very long time.
A. has had B. had had C. has D. had
试题分析：句意为：他卖掉吉他时很不高兴，毕竟他已拥有它这么长时间了。“拥有吉他”是在“卖掉”之前的状态，而“卖掉”发生在过去，所以用过去完成时。
39. At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
试题分析：本题考查动词时态和部分倒装用法。当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。at no time意为“绝不，在任何时候都不”，置于句首用部分倒装，故排除A，D。再根据已知时态was，可知讲的是过去的情况。句意：事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。句意：事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。故C正确。
40. We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved
试题分析：根据we are confident和by our further efforts可知，环境得到改善应该是将来的事情，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
41. I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. would
试题解析：根据题干部分didn’t可知基础时态为一般过去时态；再根据句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部电影，而实际上这是部相当好的电影。故使用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。
42. --- Oh no! We’re too late. The train _____. ---That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London.
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving
试题分析：根据语境“我们太晚了”及后句“没关系。我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦”，可知火车已经离开，对现在造成影响，故使用现在完成时态。选C。
43. On Monday mornings it usually ______ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take
44. Jim ______ a late-night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching
试题分析：“某个动作正在进行，就在此时，另一个动作发生了”这种情况下，前一个动作用过去进行时，后一个动作用一般过去时。句意：深夜Jim正在家里看一个电影，就在一个恐怖镜头的当中，电视突然一片空白。
45. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ______ his key at school.
A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left
试题分析：该句句意为Bob打电话给他的妈妈，告诉她说他进不了房门，因为他把他的钥匙忘在学校了。根据句意可知，把钥匙忘在学校（leave）的动作发生在打电话（called）之前，called 是过去时，那么忘记钥匙在学校leave就是发生在过去的过去，即过去完成时，故选择A项。
46. The school board is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs.
A. had been elected B. had elected C. have been elected D. have elected
试题分析：elect意为选举，推选，它的主语是关系词who所代指的parents，该句句意为，学校的董事会由那些被推选来就学校事务做决定的父母组成的。根据句意可知，父母和elect之间是被动关系，因此排除BD选项。因为主句is made up of是一般现在时，故排除A项，选择C项，表示已经被推选出来。
47. Hurry up, kids! The school bus ________ for us!
A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting
48. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes.
A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing
试题分析：本题考查动词的时态运用。had repaired为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；have repaired为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响；repaired为一般过去时，强调过去的某一时间发生的动作；are repairing为现在进行时，强调现在正在发生或进行的动作，符合句意，正在维修一条主管道成为了临时停水的原因。句意：水资源供应被临时切断是因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。
49. We ______ very early so we packed the night before.
A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D. have left
试题分析：考查时态。句意“我们（第二天）很早就要出发了，因此我们前天晚上就收拾好了行李。”根据，句意可知，表示的是过去的动作，排除A、D；leave发生在pack之后，不可能用过去完成时，排除B；go, come, leave等表示位置移动的词可以用进行时表将来；故选C。
50. If we _________ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted C. don’t act D. won’t act
试题解析：根据if主句的一般将来时态可知从句应使用一般现在时态，且有now作为现在时态的标志词，故选C。
51. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________ my mind.
A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change
试题分析：根据句意：我第一次
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