英语构词法适用于初高中衔接学习教案.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,会计学,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,会计学,1,英语(yn y)构词法适用于初高中衔接,第一页，共27页。,英语构词法主要有三种：,合成、派生(pishng)与转化。,英语(yn y)构词法种类,另外缩写和简写(jinxi)也是构词法的一种。,第1页/共26页,第二页，共27页。,.合成:有两个(lin)或更多的词合成一个词。,复合名词,class+room=classroom(名词+名词),black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词),复合形容词,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted 热心肠的,good+looking=good-looking 相貌好看(hokn)的,world+wide=worldwide世界性的,hard+working=hard-working 努力工作的,第2页/共26页,第三页，共27页。,复合动词,over+come=overcome克服(kf)(副词+动词),复合数词,fifty+four=fifty-four,复合代词,everyone,somebody,anything,nobody,(不定代词+名词),第3页/共26页,第四页，共27页。,复合(fh)副词,down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词),whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly,全神贯注地(副词+副词),第4页/共26页,第五页，共27页。,2.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀(huzhu)构成一个新词。,happy-,un,happy,develop-develop,ment,第5页/共26页,第六页，共27页。,前缀:,一般(ybn)只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-错误的+understand v.理解(lji),-misunderstand v.误解,en+large adj.大的-enlarge v.扩大(kud),第6页/共26页,第七页，共27页。,后缀(huzhu):,一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,care v.照料,-careful adj.细心(xxn)的,work v.工作,-worker n.工人,第7页/共26页,第八页，共27页。,常见(chn jin)的前缀,第8页/共26页,第九页，共27页。,(A)表示否定的前缀(qinzhu)：,un-unfair,unhappy,non-nonsmoker,(常用在n.adj.adv.前),in-inactive (常用在adj.后),dis-disagree,disappear,dislike,im-impolite,impossible,(用在b,p,m 开头的词前),(B).表示错误(cuw)或失误的前缀:,mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导),第9页/共26页,第十页，共27页。,(C)表示两个,双边的前缀：,bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle,表示相互,交互,在一起(yq)的前缀,interinterview,international,internet,(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀,rereview,return,rewrite,(F)表示远的前缀,tele telephone,television,第10页/共26页,第十一页，共27页。,常见(chn jin)的后缀,第11页/共26页,第十二页，共27页。,1.动词(dngc)变名词：,-tion,educate-education,invite-invitation,predict-prediction,-ment,development,movement,disappointment,-er,teach,er,work,er,run,ner,sing,er,-or,visit,or,sail,or,tut,or,act,or,第12页/共26页,第十三页，共27页。,名词后缀(huzhu)补充:,-ist(人,名词后缀(huzhu),science-scientist,terror-terrorist,-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀(huzhu),Chinese,Japanese,第13页/共26页,第十四页，共27页。,2.形容词变名词(mng c),-ness,goodgoodness,happy-happiness,busy-business,carecareless-carelessness,-ity,able-ability,possible-possibility,第14页/共26页,第十五页，共27页。,3.名词(mng c)变形容词：,-y:windy,rainy,healthy,cloudy,funny,sunny,-ish:foolish,childish,girlish,-some:handsome,troublesome,-ous:dangerous,humorous,-ful:helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful,-less:homeless,helpless,careless,useless,-,ed,surpris,ed,bor,ed,excit,ed,relax,ed,interest,ed,-,ing,surpris,ing,bor,ing,excit,ing,relax,ing,interest,ing,outstand,ing,第15页/共26页,第十六页，共27页。,4.名词(mng c)变形容词,-al:traditional,international,nature-natural,5.名词(mng c)、形容词变动词：,-ify:beauty-beautify,simple-simplify,-ize:realize,-en:quicken,sharpen,widen,第16页/共26页,第十七页，共27页。,3.转化:,是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义(yy)往往与之前的意义(yy)联系密切.,water n.水-water vt.浇水(jio shu),常见(chn jin)的转化形式：,动词-名词,名词-动词,形容词-动词,第17页/共26页,第十八页，共27页。,动词-名词,stop v.停止-n.车站,watch v.观看-n.手表(shubio),look v.看-have a look n.看,walk v.散步,走-take a walk n.散步,love v.爱-your love n.爱,第18页/共26页,第十九页，共27页。,名词-动词,hand n.手 -vt.上交,seat n.座位 -vt.坐,nurse n.护士 -vt.护理,oil n.油 -vt.上油,time n.时间 -vt.定时(dn sh)，测时,show n.展示,秀-vt.表演,秀-,第19页/共26页,第二十页，共27页。,形容词-动词(dngc),open(adj.开着的)open(v.开),clean(adj.清洁的)-clean(v.打扫),slow(adj.慢的)-slow(v.放慢),第20页/共26页,第二十一页，共27页。,.缩写和简写:,缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法(fngf)生成新词.,telephone-phone,airplaneplane,laboratory-lab,mathematics-math,advertisementad,examination-exam,Identification-ID,第21页/共26页,第二十二页，共27页。,另外还有许多缩写(suxi)词是由各个单词的首字母组成.,CD(compact disk),CCTV(China Central Television),NBA(National Basketball Association),UFO(unidentified flying object),UN(United Nations),USA(United States of America),第22页/共26页,第二十三页，共27页。,练习(linx)1.That man was_enough not,to,tell the manager that he would not do the job。A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai。A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.The child looked_at his brother who was badly wounded。A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _。A.chemistry B.chemicalC.chemist D.physician5.The three-_chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off。A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged,B,A,C,B,练习(linx)1.That man was_enough not,to,tell the manager that he would not do the job。A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai。A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.The child looked_at his brother who was badly wounded。A.sadly B.sadness C.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _。A.chemistry B.chemicalC.chemist D.physician5.The three-_chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off。A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged,D,A,C,B,第23页/共26页,第二十四页，共27页。,6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world,。,A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,，,Jack looked_about at his classmates,。,A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely8.To everyones _,，,the girl finished the job quite well,。,A.satisfied B.satisfactory,C.satisfying D.satisfaction,9.-What are you doing here -Oh,，,my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English,。,-You can write_passage in English,A.600 words,；,a 600-words,B.600-word,；,a 600-words,C.600 words,；,a 600-word,D.600 words,；,a 600-words,C,B,D,C,第24页/共26页,第二十五页，共27页。,10.No one should enter the spot without the_of the police,。,A.permit B.permission,C.permitting D.permittence,B,第25页/共26页,第二十六页，共27页。,内容(nirng)总结,会计学。black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词(mng c)。全神贯注地(副词+副词)。clean(adj.清洁的)-clean(v.打扫)。A.satisfied B.satisfactoryC.satisfying D.satisfaction。a 600-wordsB.600-word。a 600-wordD.600 words,第二十七页，共27页。,