初中名词讲解-PPT.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初中名词讲解,中考名词热点分析,总体占选择题目得,5%,名词得交际运用与辨析呈逐年上涨得趋势,大家来找茬,puter,take,coffee,water,run、notebook、bring,table,sport interesting,Monday age new actor sell,辨认下列哪些,不就是,名词:,名词(,n、,),:,概念:,就是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称得词。,名词:,nouns,名词,专有名词,普通名词,人:,Jim,吉姆,Mr、,Smith,地方:,China,中国,the,YellowRiver,黄河,机构:,NASA,美国宇航局,其她:,A Tale of,Two,Cit,ies,双城记,Childrens Day,儿童节,专有名词得首字母通常要大写,普通名词:,例如:,表示东西、事物得。如,book,、,puter,、,tree,、,chopsticks(,筷子,),表示个人得。如,boy,、,girl,、,woman,、,man,、,teacher,、,father,表示抽象概念,像人得情感、品质、精神得。如,happiness,、,trouble,、,pleasure,(愉快、快乐)、,industry,(勤劳),名词,专有名词,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,可数名词,C,:一个人、一样东西,or,一群人、一类东西,不可数名词,U,:物质名词、抽象名词,homework,half,advice,money,food,foot,music,mouth,bread,大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持,继续保持安静,想想怎么变复数？,pencil-box_,2、wife _,4、city _,5、dress _,6、Englishman _,7、match _,8、Chinese _,9、zoo _,Pencil-boxes,Wives,cities,dresses,Englishmen,matches,Chinese,zooes,2、,普通名词:,指一类人,事、物质或抽象概念得名称得名词,普通名词,个体名词,集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词,student,family,team,air,wine,love,success,第二节名词得功能,名词可以做除了谓语以外得各种成分,高频考点,作定语,大多数情况下名词用单数形式做定语。,shoe store,但有些名词需要用复数形式作定语,当您犯错得时候您离不错得时候就更近了一步！,1、All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday、08,资阳,A、man B、men,C、woman D、women,第三节,、,可数名词与复数变化,非选择题得,一级重点(会拼写),1、,名词复数得规则变化,:,1)、,一般情况下,在名词词尾加,s,work,2)、,以辅音字母,s,sh,ch,x,结尾得名词,在词尾加,es,bus ,brush,watch,box ,works,buses,brushes,watches,boxes,1、These,(box)are heavy、We cant carry them、04,贵阳,2、The man with _(,眼镜,)is a visitor to our college、04,佛山,glasses,boxes,3)、,以,o,结尾得词,词尾加,es,或,s,有生命,+es,potato,tomato,hero,negro,potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,negroes,无生命,+s,zoo,radio,photo,piano,zero,1,、,David took a lot of _ (photo)in Mochou Lake Park last weekend,、,07,南京,zoos,radios,photos,pianos,zeros,photos,4)、,以辅音字母加,y,结尾得词复数变化得规则。,先将,y,变为,i,再加,es,family ,city ,lady ,以,y,结尾得专有名词或元音字母加,y,结尾得名词变复数时,直接加,s,boy ,key ,families,cities,ladies,boys,keys,5)、,以,f,或,fe,结尾得专有名词,先将,f,活,fe,变成,v,再加,es,帮您巧记忆:,Wife,拿,knife,去宰,wolf,thief,瞧到发了慌,;,躲到,shelf,后,self,保命,half,片树叶障目光。,特殊有些以,f,结尾,就是直接加,s,得,如,roof,belief,proof,1,、,We should give our _,(生命),for our country,、,04,哈尔滨,lives,2、,名词复数得不规则变化,:,1)、,变内部元音,man-,foot -,1、How many times do you brush your,(tooth)every day?09,常州,men,feet,teeth,2)、,词尾加,en,或,ren,child,-,ox,-,3)、,单复数同形,:,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,7、There are more _(sheep)in Australia than in Japan、09,宿迁,children,oxen,中国人与日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿与鱼。,sheep,4)、,复合名词得复数变化:,主要词改为复数:,passer-by passers-by,路人;,father-in-law fathers-in-law,前后两词均该复数:,man servant-men servants;,woman nurse-women nurses,how many,sheep?foot?Wolf?,补充,1),、字母、数字、引语或缩略词得复数形式就是在其后加,s,或,s,2),、,表示有几个叫,得人在人名之后加,s,1、There are four _and two _at the_、08,宁波,A、Johns,Marys,doctors,B、Johns,Marys,doctors,C、Johns,Marys,doctors,D、John,Mary,doctors,第三节、不可数名词与数,1、,常见得不可数名词:,专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词。,air,love,2、,不可数名词得数,(,五级考点,),数词或冠词,+,量词,+of+,不可数名词,中考高频词,Piece:,a piece of news/advice/bread,Cup:,a cup of tea,欠练只就是传说,效果第一！,1、Good morning,madam、Can I help you?,Sure,Id like _ for cooking vegetables、09,黄冈,A、two cups of tea,B、three pieces of bread,C、one bowl of dumplings,D、five kilos of oil,2、Mr、Smith always has _ to tell us、07,青岛,A、some good pieces of news,B、some pieces of good news C、some good piece of newes,D、some piece of good newes,3、,分辨可数名词与不可数名词,(,四级重点,),“一分为二鉴别法”,可数不可数好分辨,名词所示物分两半。,如每半不能叫原名,那该词可数最公平。,每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。,有得名词时两面堵,意变不可数为可数。,翠花上题,1、We need to e up with a/an _ and make a decision at once、09,通化,A、information B、advice,C、idea D、news,2、Father went to his doctor for _、08,孝感,A、an advice B、advices,C、some advice D、the advices,3、How many _ do you want every week?08,泸州,A、milk B、water C、apples,4、They got much,on the Internet、07,天津,A、photo B、ideas,C、message D、information,第四节名词所有格,绝对重要三级考点,还需要关注非选择题,名词所有格构成,s,所有格,of,所有格,双重所有格,1、s,所有格得构成,一级重要,表示有生命得名词得所有格,s,所有格得构成,1),、,单数名词词尾加,s,复数名词 词尾没有,s,得,也要加,s,Mona Lisa smile,mens room,1、June 1st is _ Day、(child)04,长春,Children s,2),、,名词已有复数(即词尾已有,s,),则只加“”。,ladies hats,20,、,Where is the_ desk?Can you help them to find it?(twin)05,云南模拟,3),、,两个名词并列,分别有,s,则表示“分别有”;,只有一个,s,则表示“共有”。,Johns and Marys rooms,各有一间,John and Marys room,共有一间,twins,The Presidents and the gorilla s faces,1、This is_ bedroom、The twin sisters like it very much、04,湖北,A、Anne and Jane B、Anne s and Jane s,C、Anne s and Jane D、Anne and Jane s,4),、,复合名词或短语,s,加在最后一个词得词尾,a month or twos leave,5)、else,常用于不定代词,疑问代词或疑问副词后,表示另外,其她,所有格为“,elses”,Who elses book is this?,(who elses=whose else),2、of,所有格:,of+,名词,1)、,表示无生命东西得所有关系,、,2)、,有生命得名词得,s,所有格与,of,所 有格可以互换,the girls name=the name of the girl,3,双重所有格:,双重所有格得两种形式,:,of+,名词性物主代词,of+,名词所有格,a cousin of my fathers,a friend of hers/ours,my fathers,hers,瞧瞧绿色！,重点来了！,第五节名词得修饰语,(,二级重点,),中考最常考得,我们在代词部分我们介绍过,高频,1、,只修饰可数名词得修饰语:,few(,否,),a few,(肯),many,several,2、,只修饰不可数名词得修饰语:,little,(否),a little,(肯),much,3、,即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词,:,some,a lot of,lots of,1、The letter from my uncle was short、There wasnt,news、09,广州,A、many B、a few C、much D、few,2、Im new here、I feel lonely because I have _friends to talk with、09,龙岩,A、few B、many C、little,3、You look very tired this morning、What did you do yesterday afternoon?,I did,Christmas shopping、09,广州,A、a lot of B、a few of,C、a number of D、a piece of,4、Theres _ milk at home、,We have to buy some this afternoon、,08,山西,A、a little B、little C、a few,补充考点,1),、,复合形容词,(,第六等级,),“数词,+,名词,+,形容词”构成,中间得名词不能用复数形式只能用单数。,1、Each of us has to write a,report every two weeks、09,广州,A、two-hundred-word B、two-hundreds-word,C、two-hundreds-words D、two-hundred-words,2,、,A new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from,being fat,、,09,哈尔滨,A,、,30,一,minute B,、,30 minutes C,、,30,一,minutes,2)、a number of,与,the number of,得区别,前者只修饰可数名词表示许多,后者表示,得数目,考得关键就是谓语动词得选择,前者表示复数概念,后者表示单数概念。,只修饰可数名词,许多,得数目,第六节名词辨析(交际运用),就是中考未来得趋势,也就是,一级重点,总结了高频场景,1、,日常生活场景,与日常生活有关,生活用品,个人喜好,电脑,等很多与生活有关得问题,1、Do you like to listen to“Mozart”?,(喜欢什么),Yes、Listening to _ is my favorite、08,山东,A、songs B、music C、stories D、news,2、He didnt tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a _、08,山东,A、joy B、surprise C、shock D、happiness,3、After moving to their new house,the Lees bought some _ in the mall nearby、08,上海,A、furniture B、chair,C table D、shelf,2、,吃喝或去饭店场景,点餐要,menu,之后要,bill、,drink,后加名词与,eat,后加名词(可数与不可数得辨析),1,、,Excuse me,waiter,、,We are leaving,、,Would you please show us the,?09,十二市,A,、,menu B,、,money,C,、,bill D,、,list,2、-Mum,Im hungry!,-Oh,you can have some _、08,娄底,A、sweater B、breadC、pet,3、,抽象名词,相比前两个场景,有一些难度,但就是只要注意分析语境与平时得词汇积累,还就是可以做好这类题目。,1、Bill is ill、Do you know whats wrong with him?,Poor boy、His illness is the _ of eating unhealthy food、08,武汉,A、result B、cause C、reason D、end,2、I had a very unusual,yesterday、I saw a UFO land in front of me、08,丽水,A、decision B、test C、friend D、experience,4、,去公共场所,去电影院,市场,空出,room,等等,1,、,Mike and his friend are going to the to see the new action movie tonight,。,09,陕西,A,、,book shop B,、,restaurant,C,、,concert D,、,cinema,2、Its so crowded here、Lets make some _ for the baby、08,资阳,A、ground B、room,C、seats D、chairs,