八年级英语期末复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,大家好,*,期末复习,一、主要语法点：,二,、易混淆词组,三、交际用语,大家好,1,1.,系表结构,定义：系动词是表示主语,“,是什么,”,或,“,怎么样,”,的词。本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，须后接表语构成,“,系表结构,”,来说明主语的状况、性质、特征。,常见的系动词有：,1.be,2.,become,get,turn,grow,go,keep,seem,3.look,feel,sound,taste,smell,等。,大家好,2,1.These oranges taste _and sell _,A.good,well B.well,good,C.good,good D.well,well,2.The food can go _soon in summer.,A.badly,B.bad,C.good,D.well,A,B,大家好,3,2,、状语从句,1,、,原因状语从句表示主句所发生的原因或理由。通常用because，as，since和for引导。,2,、,时间状语从句，要注意时态一致。一般情况下，主句是,一般将来时,/含情态动词/祈使句,，从句用,一般现在时,。主句是,过去时态,，从句也要相应用,过去时态,。连接词有：when，,while,，as，before，after，since，till，,until,等。,“notuntil”直到才 as soon as 一就,He didnt come back _he finished all the work.,A.when B.after C.until D.before,即主将从现,C,大家好,4,3,、,条件状语从句由,if,，unless（除非），in case（万一），as long as（只要）等词引导。,条件状语从句同时间状语从句一样，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来。（,易考点：主将从现）,If it _,I,wont go,to the beach this Sunday.,A.will rain,B.is raining,C.rains,D.is rain,C,大家好,5,4,、结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果，可以用sothat,suchthat,.so that.,等引导。,1.在sothat结构中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，结构是,so+adj/adv+that从句,。,2.在suchthat结果中，such是形容词，后面跟可数或不可数名词。结构是：,such+a(n)(+adj.)+,单数名词,+that从句,such(+adj)+,复数可数名词,/不可数名词,+that从句,当名词前有,many，much，few，little,等表示数量多少的词修饰时，,用so,，不用such。,-即,so many/much/few/little+n,当单数名词前有形容词时，即可用so，也可用such，但不定冠词的位置却不同,.-即so+adj+a/an+n 或such+a/an+adj+n,eg:This is such an important meeting that you should attend.=This is so important a meeting that you should attend.,3.so that既可以引导目的状语从句(为的是，以便于）,也可以引导结果状语从句（因此）。,大家好,6,5,.让步状语从句 even though,1.He was _ tired _ he fell asleep soon.,A.too to B.so that C.such that,2.Rose is _ a good girl _ everyone likes her.,B,C,大家好,7,3.,使役动词的用法,(1)概念：,“,使役,”,就是叫别人去做事情的意思。,(2)使役动词,make,和,let,的用法：,make +,sb/sth,+v.n.adj.,-,He made us,laugh,in class yesterday.,-,The song makes me,happy,.,-,We agree to make him,monitor,.,let+,sb,+v.,He let me drink the water.,Exercise,那个男孩把那个婴儿弄哭了。,The boy _ the,baby,_.,made cry,大家好,8,4,、动词不定式：,由,“,to+,v(原),”,构成。在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。,其否定形式是,not to,do,与what，who，whose，when，where，how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如：,I don,t know what to do next,（宾语）,一感：,feel,二听：,hear,listen to,三让：,let,make,have,四看：,see,look at,watch,notice,半帮助,help,可接,不带to 的不定式,做宾语补足语（强调过程）,注意：,hear，see,watch,notice,后也可以接,动词ing,形式作宾语补足语，强调动作在进行。,大家好,9,1.Our teacher told us_any noise in class.A.dont make B.not make,C.to not make D.not to make,2._ is important for us to learn Enlish.,A.It B.That C.He,3.He wants to know what he should do next.(同义句),He wants to know _ _ _ next.,D,A,what to do,大家好,10,5,、,宾语从句：,1.,定义,:,一个句子在另一个主句中作宾语。,2.,引导词,：,1,),.由连词that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。,2,),.由if,/,whether引导，意为“是否”，“是不是”。语序用陈述语序(主语+谓语)。连接词不能省略。,whether和if引导宾从时通常可以互换。但以下情况，whether不可以换成if。,whether之后紧跟or not时。,whether引导主语从句位于句首时。eg:Whether they will go by air or by train hasnt decided.,whether用在带有to的动词不定式前。eg:Please tell us wheather to go or stay.,-放介词之后.e.g we are talking about whether we will take him there.,3,),.疑问词what,how,when引导,3.,语序,:,陈述句语序,大家好,11,时态,：1.主句使用现在时时，从句,根据需要选择,时态。,2.主句用过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式。,3.如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理，事实等，其时态不受上述限制，用一般现在时态。,eg:The teacher told me the earth is round.老师告诉过我，地球是圆的。,否定前移,I dont,think that she will raise a lot of money.,大家好,12,()1.I dont know if it _ tomorrow.If it_,Ill,go hiking,.,A.will rain,rains,B.rains,w,ont,rain C.will rain,doesnt rain,D.rains,doesnt,rain,()2.He asked me_.,A.if she will come,B.how many books I want to have,C.They would help us do it,D.what,happened to,me,C,D,大家好,13,注意：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：,Whats wrong?Whats the matter?,Whats happening?What happeneed?,Which is the way to.?,eg:I dont know whats the matter.,Can you tell me who is over,there?,大家好,14,6,、形容词的同级比较,：,1.A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B,(A与B一样.),eg:This classroom is as large as that one.,2.否定：A+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B“A不如B那么”,(A不如B.),eg:Helen is not as/so thin as her sister.,-,表示倍数，如“一半/两倍/三倍”half/twice/three times+asas,eg:You are not half as clever as you think you are.你还没有你自认为的一半聪明。,大家好,15,7,、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,1.A+,谓语,+比较级+than+B“A做某事比B更”,eg:,His brother worked harder than him.,2.比较级+and+比较级 “越来越”,eg:He got worse and worse,so he didnt go to work.,3.the+比较级，the+比较级 “越，越”eg:,The harder you work,the more you get.,4.比较级前可用much,a lot,a little,a,bit,even,still,far 等词 来修饰。,e.g,Her apple is,much bigger than,mine,大家好,16,5.比较级应在同类事物中进行.,e.g My English is better than kangkangs.,6.less+adj/adv原级-该adj/adv须为由more构成比较级的词,可以与not as/so.as.进行互换.,e.g The math problem is less important than that one.,7.adj最高级前应加the,adv最高级前的the则省略.,8.of the two,应用the+比较级,9.of/in的区别.,大家好,17,one of the,+,最高级,+,名词复数,最高级的常用句型,最高级,+,of(in),Lu Xun is,one of,the,greatest writers last century.,Of all,the movie stars,I think Zhang Ziyi is,the best,.,大家好,18,1.The bread is _ than these cakes,A.very delicious B.much delicious,C.more delicious D.as delicious,2.Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump,in the school sports meeting,A.far B.farther C.farthest D.quite far,3.When they met in the hotel.They talked,and laughed _,A.happily B.happy C.happier D.happiest,C,C,Practice,A,大家好,19,8.,感叹句,：,what+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!,what+adj+复名/不可名+主语+谓语!,How+形容词+主语+谓语!,_ bad weather it is today!,_ ugly dog it is!,大家好,20,二、易混词辨析,1、ed形容词与ing形容词的区别：如，interested与interesting surprised 与surprising等ed形容词表示“感到的”，主语是人。ing形容词表示“令人的”，主语为物。,2、because+从句,/,because of+短语,instead 一般放在句子后面,/,instead of+被代替的部分，位于句中,eg:If you are busy,you can come another day instead.,eg:I went there by bus instead of on foot.,大家好,21,3,、,experience,解释成经历时，可数。解释成经验时，不可数。,exercise,解释成练习时，可数。解释成锻炼时，不可数。,4,、,think over,仔细考虑，慎重考虑,think about,想，考虑,think of,想起，认为,eg:What do you _ the film?,大家好,22,5,、,noisy,嘈杂的，喧闹的，是,noise,的形容词。,noise,嘈杂声，令人不愉快的声音，说话声。,noisily adv.,voice,人说话或唱歌的声音，嗓音。,sound,指可以听到的任何声音。,eg:He has a good _.,He opened the door without a _.,Dont make so much _,大家好,23,6,、,at the end of“,在,最后,/,尽头”,in the end=at last,最后,7,、,look for,（有目的）寻找，强调动作。,find,找到，发现，强调结果。,find out,多指通过调查询问之后，弄明白。,大家好,24,8.cost 主语是物。,-,sth,+,cost,+,sb,+,some money,spend 主语是人。,-,sb,+,spendon sth,/,sb spendin doing sth,-,pay 主语是人。pa,y some money,for,sth,take 常表示花费时间。It takes sb some time to do sth,大家好,25,练习：花费,1.,How much does your coat _?,2.,He _ twenty yuan on the dictionary.,3.,She _ ten yuan for the book.,4.,It _ them ten years to built the pyramid.,5.,The pen _ me five yuan.,6.,He _ five years studying English.,大家好,26,9,、,be strict in sth,在,方面要求严格,be strict with sb,对,要求严格,10,、,be used to,（,doing)sth,习惯，适应,used to do sth,过去 常常做某事,11,、,in the+,方位词,+of,在某一范围内,on,用于相互接壤且互不管辖的两个地方。,to,用于互不接壤且互不管辖的两个地方。,大家好,27,12.lonely 孤独，寂寞,/,alone 单独一个,He lives_,but he doesnt feel _.,13.,复合形容词,-只当定语,后接名词.,a ten-year-old boy,/,an eight-year-old girl,a one-year-old baby,/,a five-meter-long snake,有时没有形容词,400-meter race two day visit,e.g I want to ask for a _(两天的)leave.,I want to ask for _ leave.,大家好,28,14.through,内部穿过（,door,gate,forest,desert,city,）,across,表面穿过（,street,，,road,river,）,15.win,后面通常跟比赛、竞赛、名次或战争，表“获胜”,beat,后面通常跟人，表“战胜”,e.g.:He won the first in the match.,他在比赛中获得了第一名。,At last,he beat everyone.,最后他击败了每个人。,大家好,29,16.make sb./sth.successful 使成功,Wish sb success 祝某人成功,17.in order to+v.,so that,/,in order that+从句,18.Would you mind if？表示请求允许或客气地请人做事。,Would you mind+doing？用来客气地提出请求，,否定式Would you mind+not+doing?,(3)Would you mind sb/sbs doing.?,回答,允许：Of course not./Not at all.,不允许：Yes,youd better not.,大家好,30,19.remember to do,记得要做某事（事情还没有做）,否定式：,remember not to do sth.,remember doing,记得做过某事（事情已经做过,20.too much“,太多”后跟不可数名词也可修饰动词。,much too“,太,.”,后跟形容词或副词。,too many“,太多”后跟可数名词的复数。,大家好,31,20.fill with“用装满”,fill用作动词，,be filled with等于be full of意为“充满，装满”,21.be made of+原材料（能看出）“由制成”The book is made of paper.,be made from+原材料（看不出）“由制成”Paper is made from wood.,be made in+地点“在生产”The TV is made in Shanghai.,be made up of./be made into.,/be made by.,大家好,32,22.,-,put on+服装“穿”（强调动作）如：Jane is putting on a coat.,-,wear+服装 “穿着”（强调状态）如：Tom wears a T-shirt today.,-,be dressed in+服装“穿着”（强调状态,可同wear互换）,-,dress in+服装“穿着”（强调状态，可同wear互换）,-,dress+,sb/,oneself “给穿衣”如:The mother is dressing he baby.,-,in+颜色（+服装）“穿颜色的衣服”如：She is in a red dress.,-have on+衣-表状态,无进行时.,大家好,33,23.hard“艰苦的、努力地“（即可做形容词也可作副词）,-,He works hard.,hardly“几乎不”,He can hardly speak Japanese,_ he?,24.except“除.之外”（除之外没,有),常与but互换,后可接动词不定式,但but前有实义动词do时,后接v(原).,We all went except Tom.（除了Tom没去外我们都去了。只有Tom没去),besides“除之外”（除之外还有）We all went besides Tom.（除了Tom去了之外，我们都去了。不仅Tom去了，我们也去了）,大家好,34,主谓一致,25.not onlybut also“不但而且”eitheror“要么要么.”“或者或者”,there be 有,当连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称要考虑,就近原则,，,如：,Not only,her parents,but also,Jane,likes,the Tang costumes.,26.as well as“除之外还”except,with,就远原则,-即看前面.,如：Tom,as well as,his parents,works,in London,大家好,35,27.there be,句型的将来时,There,will,be=there,is going to,be,下周天在这里将会,有,一场时装表演。,There is going to be a fashion show here next Sunday.,明天在我们学校的操场上将会,有,一场篮球赛。,There,is going to be,a basketball game,on our school playground,tomorrow.,大家好,36,29.,到达,arrive in at=get to =reach,arrive get reach there,30.must be-,肯定推测；,cant be-,否定推测,31.Its+adj.+for sb.+to do,eg:Its important for me to study well.,Its+adj.+of sb.+to do,eg:Its nice of you to help me.,注：若,adj.,用来修饰人的性格、品质，则用,of,，若,adj.,用来修饰,to do,则用,for,。,大家好,37,32.die(v.)dead(adj.)-death(n.)-dying,33.give a surprise to sb.,给某人一个惊喜,to ones surprise,令某人惊喜的是,be surprised at,对,感到惊奇,34.in,年，月，季节,on,日,at,时,on,rainy days,在下雨天里,on the morning of March 3rd,on a cold evening,35.advice advise,36.as well,too,either,also,大家好,38,37.在马路的两边,on,both sides,of the road,on,either side,of the road,on,each side,of the road,38.another,other,the other,others,the others,39.good enough,/,enough money,大家好,39,派生与合成词或相关的单词。,polite,impolite,politely,；,possible,impossible,，,possibly,；,advantage,disadvantage,；,popular,unpopular,；,happy,unhappy,；,fair,unfair,；,satisfy,satisfied,；,worry,worried,；,luck,lucky,unlucky,luckily,unluckily,；,sleep,sleepy,asleep,sleeper,；,大家好,40,decide decision,；,sad,sadly,sadness,；,care,careful,carefully,careless,carelessly,；,advice,advise,；,success,successful,successfully,succeed,；,Asia,Asian,；,safe,safely,save,safety,；,begin,beginning,；,east eastern,；,cook,cooker,；,dangerous,in danger,；,choose,choice,；,suit,suitable,；,invite,invitation;,大家好,41,交际用语：,1.,购物（,Shopping),1.What can I do for you?/May I help you?/Can I help you?,2.What color/size/kind do you want?=What color/size/kind would you like?,3.What about this one?What do you think of it?,4.What is it made of?,5.May I try it/them on?,6.It looks nice,on,you.,7.How much is it/are they?,8.Oh,Thats very cheap/dear.(Thats too much/expensive/Well,Ill,take,it.),大家好,42,2.,就餐（,(Having meals),This way,please.,Heres a table,for,two.,May I have the menu?,May I,take,your order?,-Anything else?-No,thats,all,.,Could I order the meal,by,phone?,What would you like to drink?,May I,have the bill,?,Heres your,change,.Thanks for coming.,大家好,43,3.看病,1.Whats wrong（with you）?Whats the matter（with you）?whats the trouble(with you)?,2.Is there anything wrong with you?=Anything wrong?,3.How long have you been like this?你像这样多久了？,4.How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何？,5.Have you taken your temperature?Do you have a fever?,大家好,44,6.How often should I take the pills?这药多长时间吃一次？,7.Nothingserious.没有什么大问题。,8I hope you will get well soon.我希望你快点好起来。,9Dont worry.Take it easy.别紧张别着急。,大家好,45,4.打电话,我可以跟.讲话么？,1）Could/May/Can I speak to,please?,2).Id like to speak to,3）.Who is that this?who is speaking?你是谁呀？This is.,4）Is that(speaking)?你是？,如果是本人接电话可以说：Yes,speaking。,5）.Hold the line,please.别挂断 Hold on，please/Wait a moment,please./Justamoment,please.请等一会儿,6.MayCan I take a message（for you）我可以帮你传话吗?,大家好,46,谢谢,大家好,47,