英语国家概况美国篇省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,Location,mainland:in the central part of,North America,Alaska:border northwestern Canada,1959,49th state,Hawaii:in the central Pacific Ocean,1959,50th state,第1页,Surroundings,(mainland),on the north Canada,on the south-the Gulf of Mexico,on the east-the Atlantic Ocean,on the west-the Pacific Ocean,第2页,Administrative Region,50 states,mainland-48 states,detached territory-Alaska,offshore islands-Hawaii,Washington D.C.,a federal district of Columbia,第3页,Three distinct areas,(1,)the eastern part,(2,)the western part,(3,)the Great Plains,five Great Lakes,Mississippi River,第4页,第5页,The Great Lakes(freshwater),Lake Superior,Lake Huron,Lake Erie,Lake Ontario,Lake Michigan,Niagara Falls between Lake Erie,&Lake Ontario on U.S.-Can.,navigation,linkage of many industrial areas,第6页,The Mississippi River,(the father of waters),longest in North America,originate from the Lake Itasca(in MN),to the Gulf of Mexico,3780km long,3 million skm of drainage area,第7页,Six regions,New England,Mid-Atlantic,South,Midwest,Southwest,West,(1),New England,(2),South Region,(3),Western Region,(4),California,(5),Alaska,(6),Hawaii,第8页,New England,6 states:CT,ME,MA,NH,RI,VT,Europeans first settlements,geographical features,historic sites,top-ranking universities&colleges,Harvard,Yale,MIT etc.,第9页,The Ivy League,Brown U.RI,Columbia U.NY city NY,Cornell U.NY,Dartmouth CollegeNH,Harvard U.MA,U.of PennsylvaniaPA,Princeton U.NJ,Yale U.CT,第10页,(2),The South Region,13 states,plentiful rainfall&a mild climate,crops grown frost-free 6 months,industry developing,population growing,第11页,(3),The Western Region,11 states,beautiful forests&streams,environment protection,第12页,(4),California,natural features,notable cities,GDP&agricultural yield,predominant,high-tech centers,eg:Silicon Valley,第13页,(5),Alaska,stretching southward from,the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific,a world of glaciers,waterfalls,lakes,temperature low,native population:Eskimos mostly,&Indians,Aleuts,natural resources:,agricultural,industrial,第14页,(6),Hawaii,a chain of beads in central Pacific,8 major islands,2575 km long southeast,to northwest,temperature mild,chief products,largest source of income:,tourist business,第15页,2.Climate,mild subtropical zones:most states,tropical：southern FL,HI,50cm rainfall line,(through middle,from north to south),to the east comparatively more rain,to the west much less rain,exception of the coastal areas along the Pacific,第16页,第17页,3.Major Cities,Washington:capital,New York:the largest city,Los Angeles:the second largest city,Chicago:the third largest city,San Francisco:the center of ,第18页,Washington,the Washington District of Columbia,named after Christopher Columbus&,George Washington,governed directly by federal gov.,headquarters of whole federal system,a leading cultural center,the Washington Monument,the Lincoln Memorial,the Jefferson Memorial,the Kennedy Center,the Library of Congress,light&service industries(little heavy ind.),第19页,New York,the largest city of the US,3 islands,(at the mouth of Hudson river):,Manhattan Island,Long Island,Staten Island,5 boroughs:,Manhattan,Brooklyn,Bronx,Staten Island,Queens,第20页,the Statue of Liberty:American symbol,(at the gate of New York Harbor),The headquarters of the UN,Manhattan:a financial&entertainment center,the core of NY City,Broadway Times Square,Wall Street Fifth Avenue,Central Park Greenwich Village,Chinatown the Empire State Building,many churches,colleges,skyscrapers&theatres,第21页,Los Angeles,the second largest city,4 times larger in area than San Francisco,Important electronic center,atomic research center,industrytires,automobiles&aircrafts,Hollywoodthe heart of worlds motion picture industry,Disneyland,第22页,Chicago,the Windy City,main connection between the eastern coast cities and the West,the third largest city,the largest industry city,heavy&light industries highly developed,a center of industry,transportation,commerce&finance in the Midwest Region,a cultural center,the worlds best collections of modern architecture,第23页,San Francisco,A center of oil-refining,chemicals,commerce,finance&the shipping industry,The transcontinental railroad connecting itself with the industrial&agricultural centers of the Midwest&the East,The Golden Gate Bridge,Chinatown the largest Chinese settlement in US,第24页,II.People,1.Population,the third most populous nation,behind China&India,300,million,(Oct.17,),200,million,(July 1,1968),100,million,(July 1,1915),303,593,258,(March 9,),400,million,(as early as 2043),第25页,DISTRIBUTION of the population:,Northeastern,the most densely populated region,1/2 population on 1/4 land,Great Plains,comparatively small population,South,almost 57.5 million,West,densely populated except LA&SF,now 1/5 but expected to grow faster,第26页,2.Nation of Immigrants,a nation of immigrants,4 cent.55 million immigrated,no country in history has congregated&amalgamated so many ethnics,immigrants admitted by US more than all other industrialized countries combined,第27页,From foreign countryTo foreign country,国外移来移居国外,v.immigrateemigrate,n.immigrant emigrant,n.immigrationemigration,n.immigratoremigrator,a.immigratoryemigratory,n.migrant,v.migrate,a.migratory,n.migration,第28页,a nation of nations,Waves of immigration to US:,first people from Asia,as early as 20,000 years ago,across the Bering Strait to Alaska,Indians/Native Americans,15th century10 million,the Westward Movement:destruction,today2.4million(poor&jobless),1/3 living on reservation,2/3 in cities,第29页,white people,85%of the population,descendants of European immigrants,SYMBOL:Pilgrim Fathers Puritans,from England in 1620,Mayflower,black people,12%of the population,1620-1820 8million brought from,Africa as slaves on Southern farms,now live in South,Northeast,Midwest,第30页,first sharp increase,1830s1840s,northern Europeans(Irish),because of the Great Famine,Another tremendous tide of immigration,1880s,largely from southern&,eastern Europe,第31页,changing from agricultural society,to industrialized country,immigrants competitive power,lower wages because of poverty,the Immigration Act of 1924,restriction of European immigrants,other groups concentrate in:,Mexicans in Texas&California,Puerto Ricans in New York,Cubans in Florida,recent immigrants from Central American,第32页,Asian immigration,Immigration and Nationality Act,Amendments(1965),in 1980s half of immigrantsAsians,settled in California,Hawaii,New York,and Texas,Chinese Americans:,industrious,intelligent&doing fine,第33页,a melting pot,many nationalities constitute,the relatively new nation,various racial&ethnic group,combined into one culture,a salad,they mix harmoniously but keep,their distinct culture&custom,第34页,3.Racial Assimilation,cultural characters:,English-speaking,western European,Protestant,middle-class,values:,freedom,equality,desire to a higher standard,第35页,A successful melting pot,the process of assimilation,Dominant majority solidified,Immigrants tend to be viewed as a,threat to basic American values&way of live,During late 19th&20th centuries,poverty-stricken immigrants harder,to be assimilated with established,Americans&clustered in close-knit,communities Chinatown,第36页,Americanization.New immigrants learn American way in English instruction&citizenship classes.,Naturalization.New immigrants accept the values of the dominant Americans&in turn accepted by majority of Americans,The immigrants now have a much stronger feeling about being an American,第37页,Chapter 9,History,I.America in the Colonial era,第38页,The descendants of the Mongoloid about 20,000 years ago,Native Americans living in North America for many hundreds of years before Europeans reached the continent.For a long time white people called them Indians.Today many people do not like this name since it is based on a mistake:it was given to the people living in the America by Christopher Columbus who,when he arrived there,thought he had landed in India.Instead,people prefer to use the term Native Americans.,第39页,Amerigo Vespucci(1445-1512),Italian,navigator.In Latin,Amerigo is trans-,lated into Americus.Vespucci arrived,southeast coast of South America for,exploration in 1499,realizing the signifi-,cance of Columbuss discovery of the,New World in 1492.In 1507,the name,“Amerigo”emerged initially on a map,a German map marked his discovery of,the“South Continent”.,第40页,The Pilgrims were the 102 people who sailed to America from England on the ship Mayflower in 1620.The group,later called the Pilgrim Fathers,included 35 Puritans whose aim was to create a safe religious community in the New World.The Pilgrims probably landed at Plymouth Rock,MA and settled.They established the first successful colony,Plymouth colony.,第41页,along with the Seven Years War(the French and Indian War in Europe)(1756-63),the war between England and France was undergoing in North America for ruling the area,in 1763 England controlled Canada&North America(east of Mississippi),第42页,II.The War of Independence,Backgrounds:,The contradictions sharpened between England and its colonies,England imposed new taxes to defray the war cost&expected people to lodge British soldiers,Colonists resented the taxes&resisted the quartering of soldiers,“,no taxation without representation,”,第43页,the first shots at Lexington,the Second Continental Congress,the Declaration of Independence,principal political principle,process of the War,第44页,III.The Civil War,Background of the War,South states:farming,black African slaves bought,sold&treated cruelly,North states:factories,growing need for laboring force,John Brown,the famous white abolitionist,lead an armed uprising in 1859 against slavery but failed,The publishing of Uncle Toms Cabin,第45页,葛底斯堡,美国宾夕法尼亚州南部一个自治村镇。位于阿勒格尼山东麓。人口7，200。水果产地中心和加工地。美国南北战争中葛底斯堡战役（1863年7月1-3日）战场，林肯总统曾在此发表含有历史意义演说，提出“民有、民治、民享”口号。国家军事公园中保留有许多战场和国家公墓。,第46页,LINCOLNS GETTYSBURG ADDRESS,by Abraham Lincoln,Four scores and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.,Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.,But,in a larger sense,we can not dedicate-we cannot consecrate-we cannot hallow-this ground.The brave men,living and dead,who struggled here,have consecrated it,for above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living,rather,to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us-that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion-that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-that this nation,under God,shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.,第47页,林肯葛底斯堡演讲词,八十七年以前，我们祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家，它孕育于自由，而且献身给一个理念，即全部些人都是生来平等。,当前，我们正在从事一次伟大内战，我们在考验，终究这个国家，或任何一个有这种主张和这种信仰国家，是否能长久存在。我们在那次战争一个伟大战场上集会。我们来到这里，贡献那个战场上一部分土地，作为在此地为那个国家生存而牺牲了自己生命人永久眠息之所。我们这么做，是十分合情合理。,可是，就更深一层意义而言，我们是无从贡献这片土地-无从使它成为圣地-也不能把它变为人们景仰之所。那些在这里战斗勇士，活着和死去，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们菲薄能力所能左右。世人会不大注意，更不会长久记得我们在此地所说话，然而他们将永远忘不了这些人在这里所做事。相反，我们活着人应该献身于那些曾在此作战人们所英勇推进而还未完成工作。我们应该在此献身于我们面前所留存伟大工作-因为他们光荣牺牲，我们要更坚定地致力于他们曾作最终全部贡献那个事业-我们在此立志宣誓，不能让他们白白死去-要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下，得到新生自由-要使那民有、民治、民享政府不致从地球上消失。,第48页,The Confederate States of America,(the Confederacy)of 11 southern states,Lincolns first priority:keep the integrity of the whole nation,his second objective:freedom for black people,Two great historic achievements of the War:America maintained a single,indivisible nation&the complete abolition of the slavery,第49页,IV.America in the 20th century,World War I(WWI),President Wilson:,Proclamation of Neutrality,Fourteen Points,US Congress rejected the Versailles,Treaty along with the points,proposed by Wilson,第50页,the Great Depression,The value of the stocks in NYSE:,at the peak in 1929 1,in October 1929 60%,(40%wiped out),by 1933,(less than),20%,businesses closed,factories shut down,banks failed,farm income fell by 50%,1 in every 4 Americans unemployed,第51页,Franklin D.Roosevelt was elected President,More than 70 acts were brought forward to Congress,The New Deal:help the economy get out of the depression,第52页,The WWII broke out,a sit-on-the-fence policy,glorious isolation,the Lend-Lease Bill,轴心国 the Axis countries/powers,the Rome-Berlin Axis,the fascist military bloc,同盟国 the Allies countries,Japanese attack on the Pearl Harbor,-U.S.policy changing fundamentally,第53页,Postwar arrangement:,Organizing the UN,Establishing the IMF&World Bank,Forming the NATO,第54页,the Cold War,Formation of the NATO,the Korean War,to prevent Communist ideology,the Vietnam War,to contain Communism in Vietnam,500,000 troops,58,000 soldiers killed,$141 billion military expenditure,outcome:,weakened US greatly,sharpened internal contradictions,第55页,The Cuban missile crisis in 1962,Nixons diplomatic breakthroughs,background,1.reestablish relations with China,2.negotiate first SALT with USSR,Nixons intention&his Scandal,第56页,3 important Communiques,Shanghai Communique,Richard Nixon 1972,establishing diplomatic relations,Jimmy Carter 1978,arms-selling to Taiwan limitation,Ronald Reagan 1987,第57页,Reagans successful economic,achievements,tight money policy:,inflation under control,recovery under way,prosperity during longest recorded,peaceful time,recession or depression no,but:,widening two extremes(rich&poor),high deficit spending,第58页,recurrent economic crisis,周期性经济危机,depression萧条 inflation 通货膨胀,recovery 复苏 prosperity繁荣,boom高涨 recession衰退,crisis危机 falter疲软,deficit赤字,第59页,George Bush,good at foreign affairs,a good excuse to beat the former Soviet Unions sphere of influence:,Iraqi intention of gobbling up Kuwait,(the National Security Directives 45),Operation Desert Storm,incapable of domestic affairs,a faltering economy,internal violence rising,第60页,Bill Clintons achievements,economic recovery,unemployment rate decreasing,foreign policy gaining,NAFTA:1.elimination of most import,taxes among members,2.ending restrictions on the,flow of goods,services and,investment,affair with an intern,第61页,V.America in the 21s