外研版初一英语语法总结专题省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,七年级语法复习,第1页,动词be（is,am,are）使用方法,我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。,单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。,Eg:Your house is very big.Your houses are all very big.,变否定，更轻易，be后not加上去。,Eg:,变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。,Eg:Is your house very big?,还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。,第2页,this，that和it使用方法,(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。,(2)距离说话人近人或物用this,距离说话人远人或物用that。如：,Eg:,Thisisaflower.这是一朵花。(近处),Thatisatree.那是一棵树。(远处),(3)放在一起两样东西，先说this,后说that。,如：Thisisapen.Thatisapencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。,(4)向他人介绍某人时说Thisis,不说Thatis。,如：,ThisisHelen.Helen,thisisTom.这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。,(5)Thisis不能缩写,而Thatis能够缩写如：,Thisisabike.Thatsacar.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。,第3页,(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this,问询对方用that。如：,Hello!IsthatMissGreen?喂，是格林小姐吗？Yes,thisis.Whosthat?是，我是，你是谁？,注意：即使汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不能够说：Iam,Areyou？/Whoareyou?,(7)在回答this或that作主语疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如：,Isthisanotebook?这是笔记本吗？Yes,itis.是，它是。Whatsthat?那是什么？Itsakite.是只风筝。,第4页,3these和those使用方法,(1),this,that,these和those是指示代词，these是this复数形式,指时间,距离较近或下面要提到人或事;those是that复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过人或事物。,Thisismybed.ThatisLilysbed.这是我床。那是莉莉,床。,Thesepicturesaregood.那些画很好。,Arethoseappletrees?那些是苹果树吗？,(2),在回答主语是these或those疑问句时，通惯用they代替these或those以防止重复。如：,Arethese/thoseyourapples这些(那些)是你苹果吗？,Yes,theyare.是，他们是。,第5页,4名词s全部格,（1）,单数名词后直接加“s”：,如：,Jimscoat吉姆外套,Jeffsmother杰夫妈妈,（2）,以s结尾复数名词，只加“,”,如：,TeachersDay教师节thetwinsbooks双胞胎书,（3）,不以s结尾不规则名词复数，加“s”,如：,ChildrensDay儿童节mensshoes男式鞋,（4）,表示二者共同拥有时，只在最终一个名词后加s,如：,LucyandLilysmother露茜和莉莉妈妈(共同妈妈，一个妈妈),（5）,表示二者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加s,如：,LucysandKatesrooms露茜和凯特房间（各自房间，两间房子,）,第6页,5Therebe句型,(1)Therebe句型主要用以表示“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。其基本结构为“Therebe某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面名词，be是谓语动词，在普通现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记therebe句型结构：,Therebe放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：,Thereisabookonthedesk.,有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：,Onthedeskthereisabook.,第7页,(2)Therebe句型中be动词怎样确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：,Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“Therebe”真尤其，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，不然就用are。如：,Thereisatreebehindthehouse.,Thereissomewater（水）inthebottle（瓶子）.,Therearesomepearsinthebox.,第8页,(3)注意：假如“be”后主语是由and连接两个或两个以上名词，那么be形式要遵照“远亲不如近邻”标准。也就是说，“be”形式是由与它最近那个名词来确定。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：,Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.,Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.,第9页,6like一词使用方法,like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。,(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：,Ilikethebabyverymuch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。,(2)后接动名词(v.-ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、兴趣。,如：,Tomlikesplayingfootball.汤姆喜欢踢足球。,(3)后接动词不定式(todo)，表示“偶然地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次详细行为。如：,Ilikereading,butIliketowatchTVthisevening.我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。,第10页,7句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素,(1)主格人称代词要变成对应复数主格人称代词,即Iwe,youyou，she,he,itthey。,如：Sheisagirl.Theyaregirls.,(2)am，is要变为are。如：,Imastudent.Wearestudents,.,(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：,Heisaboy.Theyareboys.,(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：,Itisanapple.Theyareapples.5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：,Thisisabox.Theseareboxes.,第11页,8英语日期表示法,英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们首字母必须大写，而且前面无需用冠词。,如：,On Monday,用英语表示日期，其次序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：,August2nd，(8月2日)。,也能够用日+月+年来表示。,如：10thMay，(5月10日),英语日期前介词使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若详细到某一天，则需用介词on。,第12页,9.时间表示法,(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字,7:05sevenfive8:16eightsixteen,(2)过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界限）,1:25twenty,-,fivepastone,2:30halfpasttwo,3:43seventeentofour4:38twenty-twotofive,(3)12小时制,6:00a.m.早晨6点8:20p.m.下午8点20分,(4)二十四小时制,13:0013点钟22:1522点15分,(5)15分可用quarter,4:15aquarterpastfour5:45aquartertosix,(6)时间前通惯用at.,at5oclockat7:30p.m.,第13页,10.want使用方法,(1)想干什么用wanttodosth,Theywanttojointhesportsclub.他们想加入运动俱乐部。,(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作改变,Hewantstoplaybasketball.LiXiawantstoplaythepiano.,(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.,Doyouwanttoplaysoccerball?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.,Doeshewanttogohomebybus?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt,第14页,11,否定句,含有否定词not或 no句子。,改否定句方法：先加后借 在句中找到Be动词（am,is,are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），在它后面加not；找不到以上词时，借dont或doesnt，放在动词前。,注意：句子是三单主语时，借doesnt；不是三单主语时，借do.,而且：doesnt一出现，三单式要滚蛋。,练习,1.,She is an American girl,2.,I have a good friend,3.,She lives in london,4.,We go to school by bike,第15页,12,英文普通疑问句及必定和否定回答,普通疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头，用Yes或No回答疑问句以be动词开头普通疑问句及答句,Am I?Yes,you are./No,you arent.,Are you?Yes,I am./No,Im not.,Is he/she/it?Yes,he/she/it is.,No,he/she/it isnt.,Are we/you/they?Yes,we/we/they are.,No,we/we/they arent.,、以情态动词开头普通疑问句及答句,Can?Yes,can.No,cant(cannot).,、以Do/Does开头普通疑问句及答句,Do you+行为动词？Yes,I do/No,I dont.,Do we/you/they+行为动词？Yes,we/they do.,No,we/they dont.,Does he/she/it+行为动词？Yes,he/she/it does.,No,he/she/it doesnt.,第16页,注意事项：,1、必定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格，即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等，不能出现其它词，尤其注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。,2、必定和否定回答要保持三个单词，所以当am,is,are出现在句尾时，一定不能缩写。如：不能用Yes,Im;,Yes,hes;Yes,theyre.,3、am not 不能缩写，如：No,Im not不能用No.I amnt.,4、必定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如：不能说,Yes,he isnt;No,I do;Yes,she doesnt.,第17页,改普通疑问句方法：先找后借 在句中找到Be动词（am,is,are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），把它提到句首；找不到以上词时，借Do或Does，放在句首。,注意：句子是三单主语时，借Does；不是三单主语时，借Do.而且：Does一出现，三单式要滚蛋。,练习：,He likes his family members.,Does he like his family members?,We are singing and dancing.,Are you singing and dancing?,Mary can ride a bike.,Can Mary ride a bike?,There is some,water in the cup,.,Is there some,water in the cup,?,第18页,13,特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头疑问句叫特殊疑问句。惯用疑问词有：what who whose where how why等。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes/no，要问什么答什么。,特殊疑问句结构：疑问词普通疑问句？,对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法以下：,把划线部分替换成对应疑问词，放在句首；,把没划线部分改为普通疑问句，放在疑问词后。,提醒：划线部分在句首时，只需第步，没划线词照抄。如：,Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang.,-Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?,第19页,1、当前所学动词形式有4 种：,动词原形；如：do;have;like,动词三单式（常在动词原形后加s）；如：get-gets,动词不定式（to+动词原形）；如：meet-to meet,动词ing式（动词原形后加ing）如：look-looking,第20页,2、表示征求意见或提议邀请礼貌用语,Would you like+to+动词原形?（你想要吗？）,How about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）,What about+动词ing?（怎么样？好不好？）,Why not+动词原形?（为何不呢？）,Why dont you+动词原形？（你为何不呢？）,Lets +动词原形.（让我们吧。）,表示同意、答应：Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.,All right/OK.Great!Sure.,Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to,Thanks.That would be very nice.Id like that.,表示不一样意、拒绝：,Nothanks.Sorry,I cant.,Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.,第21页,3、当前学过情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个,学好情态动词必须把握三个使用方法：,后必须跟动词原形；,没有三单式（其后不能加s）；,能够把情态动词提到句首组成疑问句；,能够在情态动词后面加上not组成否定句。,第22页,4、当前学过后跟动词不定式（to+动词原形）有：,would like to+动词原形（想要做某事）;,want to+动词原形（想要做某事）;,forget to+动词原形（忘记要做某事）;,like to+动词原形（喜欢做某事）;,love to+动词原形（喜欢做某事）,ask sb.to+动词原形.（请/叫某人做某事）,tell sb.to+动词原形.（告诉/叫某人做某事）,would like sb.to+动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）,want sb.to+动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）,have to+动词原形（必须/不得不做某事）,Nice/Glad/happy to+动词原形（很高兴做某事）,如：Nice to meet you.,Im glad to be here.,Its time to+动词原形（是做某事时候了）,Its very kind/nice of you to help me.,第23页,英语一些主要标准,英文句子中最少有一个动词，用来作谓语。如：,我很高兴-误：I very happy.正：I am very happy.,她最喜欢熊猫.-误：She favorite pandas.(favorite不是动词),正：She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas.,同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。,误：I am at six get up.正：I am get up at six.,误：Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do),句子中单数名词前要带冠词或用复数名词来表示类别。,误：orange is orange.正：An orange is orange/Oranges are orange.,误：He is doctor.(他是医生)正：He is a doctor.,第24页,限定词唯一标准,限定词是指(1)冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词全部格、(5)量词(some,any,no,many,much等)，这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。,如：我一本书-误：my a book 正：my book,吉姆这个风筝-误：Jims this/the kite正：Jims kite,your the bike the some animals that a bus,形容词放在名词前次序,数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词。,my small yellow desk 我小黄桌,an old brown English house 一座旧棕色英式房子,英文句子结构次序,主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。,Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing.,主语+谓语+宾语 +小时间+大时间 +小地点+大地点,第25页,普通现在时,1.组成：主语+动词+其它,2.标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,never,等频率副词。,3.否定句：,1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等在其后加not,Eg.Icantplayfootball.,2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形,Eg.Idontlikefootball.Shedoesntlikefootball.,4.疑问句：1)当动词是be,can,may,must,should等将其提前,Eg.Canyouswim?,2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。,Eg.Doesshelikefootball,5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+普通疑问句,第26页,现在进行时,1.组成：主语+be+doing+其它2.动词动词-ing改变规律：,1）普通情况下直接加-ing,eg.Working,2）以不发音e结尾去e加-ing,eg.Taking,3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg.Stopping,4）特殊改变,lielying,3.标志词：look,listen,now,atthemoment,its,oclock,4.否定句：be动词后加not,Eg.Sheisnotlisteningtomusic.,5.疑问句：将be动词提前,Eg.Isshelisteningtomusic?,6.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+普通疑问句,第27页,三,普通,未来时,1.组成：主语+,begoingto,/will,+动词原形,2.标志词：tomorrow,nextday/month/year,等表示未来时间,3.否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not,Eg.Heisnotgoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend.,Hewillnothaveapianolessonthisweekend,.,4.疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前,Eg.Ishegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?,Willhegoingtohaveapianolessonthisweekend?,5.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+普通疑问句,第28页,四,普通,过去时,1.组成：主语+动词过去时+其它,2.标志,：,yesterday,justnow,ago,thismorning,whenIwasyoung,last等,3.动词动词过去式改变规律：,1）普通动词结尾加-ed,eg.Walk-walked,2）以字母e结尾动词加-d,eg.Live-lived,3）以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-ed,eg.Hurryhurried,4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg.Stopstopped,4.否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not,Eg.IwasnotinChengdulastyear.,2)当是实义动词时，加助动词didnt后跟动词原形,Eg.Ididnttelephonemyparentsyesterday.,5.疑问句：1)动词be过去式提前,Eg.WereyouinChengdulastyear?,2)当是实义动词时将助动词did放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形,Eg.Didyoutelephonemyparentsyesterday?,6.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+普通疑问句,第29页,用正确动词形式填空。,1.Thechildrenare_(run)therenow.,2.-I_upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get),Myfatheralways_(come)backfromworkverylate.,3.Mymother_alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.(buy),4.Listen!Who_,(sing)inthemusicroom?,Oh.Mary_(sing)there.,5.They_ameetingyesterday.(nothave),6.-_you_(have)anycolorpens?-Sorry,Idonthaveany.,7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_notlike)bread.,8.Mymother_,_,_(tell)meastoryeverynight.,9.-Howmuchmeat_you_(want)?-Akilo,please.,10.Someone_(be)inthenextroom.,running,got,comes,bought,is singing,is singing,didnt have,Do,have,doesnt like,tells,do,want,is,第30页,11.There_(be)apenandtwoerasersinthepencil-box.,12.Youmust_(get)hereattwothisafternoon.,13.Thetwins_thirteentwoyearsago.(be),14.Theteacherisbusy.Heonly_(sleep)fivehoursaday.,15.Look!Thebus_(come).,16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.,17.What_he_(like)?,18.He_(teach)Englishinamiddleschool.,19.Shealways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.,20.-What_she_(do)?-She_(clean)herroomnow.,is,get,were,sleeps,is coming,goes,does,like,teaches,does,is,doing,is cleaning,第31页,形容词,（1）在句子中做定语，普通放在名词之前。不过当形容词修饰something,somebody,anything,anybody,nothing,nobody时，要放于其后。,Eg.Ihaveaninterestingbook.Thereisnothingserious.,(2)作表语，放在系动词之后。,Eg.Thiskindofdressisexpensive.,(3)以a-开头形容词，普通在句子中只能作表语。,Eg.Keepquiet!Mybabyisasleepintheroom.,(4)作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。,Eg.Thegoodnewsmakesusveryhappy.,第32页,副词,副词在句子中主要做状语，能够修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，普通放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，普通放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点副词普通放在句末或句首；频度副词普通放在行为动词之前。,Eg.Icanthearyouclearly.,第33页,3.比较级使用方法,（1）能够单独使用,eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.,（2）和than一起用,eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao,（3）其它几个使用方法,a.二者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which+be+比较级，AorB?,Eg.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?,b.用比较级形式表示最高级意义,比较级+thananyother+n.+比较级范围（in/of）,=比较级+thananyoftheothers+in/of,=比较级+thantheother+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较),比较级+thanany+n.+in/of(在两个不一样范围内比较,),Eg.Kateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclass,ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince,.,c.越来越怎么样？“比较级+and+比,较级”,Eg.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger,.,第34页,d.有范围二者之间比较用,“the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo”,Eg.Mymotheristhebusierofthetwo,e.用来修饰比较级副词有：much/far/lots/alot;alitter;even;still等,4.最高级使用方法用来对三个或三个以上人或事物进行比较，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前the能够省略。,a.最高级+范围,Eg.ChangjianisthelongestriverinChina.,b.主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示“最之一”。,Eg.YangLiweiisoneofthemostfamousheroesinChina.,c.主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示“是第几”。,Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.,注：有些比较级与最高级之间句子能够转换。,第35页,一写出以下形容词与副词比较级与最高级形式：,1,.,few_,2little_,3,.,bad/badly_,4.far_,5.good/well_,6.many/much_,二、写出以下形容词副词形式：,1.heavy_2.happy_3.nice_,4.careful_,5.easy_,6.angry_,7.slow_,8.quick_,9.good_,10.hard_11.bad_,12.healthy_,fewer fewest,less least,worse worst,深 further furthest,远 farther farthest,better best,more most,heavily,happily,nicely,carefully,easily,angrily,slowlyquickly,well,hard,badly,healthily,第36页,三、,用所给词恰当形式填空。,1.Whichis,_,_,_,_(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?,2.Whichis,_,_,_,(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?,3.Thismooncakeis,_,_,_,_,(cheap)ofall.,4.Heis,_,_,_,_,(strong)intheclass.,5.Mathsis_,_,_,_,_(difficult)ofthetwosubjects.,6.Mysisteristwoyears_old)thanI.,7.Marysparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_(young)child.,8.Dickcansing_(well),andshesings_(well)thanJohn,butMarysings_(well)inherclass.,9.Shewillbemuch_(happy)inhermewhouse.,10.Hishandwritingis_thanyours.(bad),the biggest,more beautiful,the cheapest,the strongest,more difficult,older,youngest,well,better,best,happier,worse,第37页,四、,选择正确答案。,1.WhichdoesJimmylike_,Chinese,Englishorart?,A.well,B.best,C.better,D.much,2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_intheworld.,A.thelongestriver,B.Themorelonger,C.thelongestrivers,D.longerriver,3.Thepenis_thanthatone.,A.morecheap,B.cheap,C.muchcheaper,D.quitecheaper,4.Thereare_girlsinClass2thaninClass4.,A.more,B.nicest,C.most,D.best,5.Tingtingis_thanMeimei,butMeimeiis_thanTingting.,A.tall,stronger,B.taller,stronges,t,t,C.tallest,strong,D.taller,stronger,6.Motheris_inmyfamily.,A.busy,B.busier,C.thebusiest,D.morebusy,7.Sheis_thanmeatdrawing.,A.better,B.best,C.good,D.harder,B,C,C,A,D,C,A,第38页,8.Thisbluesweateristoobigforme.Willyoupleaseshowmea_one?,A.small,B.smaller,C.thesmallest,D.smallest,9.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_nowthanafewyearsago.,A.clean,B.cleaner,C.cleanest,D.thecleanest,10.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_thanbefore.,A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest,11.Tomisgoodatdrawing.HowaboutMike?Mikeis_,Ithink.Hehasgotmoreprizes（获奖）thanTom.,A.well,B.OK,C.good,D.better,12.Whichis_riverinChina?TheChangjiangRiver.,A.longerB.thelongestC.longestD.thelonger,13Ifthereislesshomework,weshouldhave_atschool.,A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime,C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime,14.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday.,A.more,B.very,C.much,15.Thisschoolbagis_andsells_.,A.well,well,B.nice,nice,C.nice,good,D.nice,well,第39页,