unit-9-confessions-of-a-miseducated-man(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 9 Confessions of a Miseducated Man,1,2025/4/30 周三,Think about it,Do you think we are miseducated students?and in what way do you think we are miseducated?,2,2025/4/30 周三,Journalist,Author,Professor,World peace advocate,Norman Cousins(June 24,1915 November 30,1990),Author,3,2025/4/30 周三,He was one of the founders of public television in the U.S.and a former chairman of the Pulitzer Prize jury in literature.For 35 years he was editor of the,Saturday Review of Literature,(later renamed,Saturday Review,)during which he wrote editorially on a wide range of topics relating to,national and international issues.,He was named,“Author of the Year”,by the Society of Authors and Journalists in 1980 and held honorary degrees in literature,science,and law from 49 colleges and universities.He carried out diplomatic missions abroad as personal emissary for Presidents Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Johnson.,4,2025/4/30 周三,Among the numerous awards he received are the,United Nations Peace Medal,the American Peace Award,the,Family of Man Award,the,Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award,the,Personal Medallion of Pope John XXIII,and the,City of Hiroshima Award,for heading the project that delivered medical and surgical treatment to victims of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.,He died of,heart failure,on November 30,1990,in,Los Angeles,California,having survived years longer than his doctors predicted,5,2025/4/30 周三,Belief in world governance:,He believed that enduring world peace could only be achieved through effective world governance.,Belief in world federalism:,He argued for a world no longer based on the supremacy of nationalism and other superficial differences.,6,2025/4/30 周三,Contributions to peace and human well-being:,He arranged for medical treatment in USA for 25 young Japanese women who came to be known as the“Hiroshima Maidens”;,helped support the medical care of 400 Japanese children orphaned by the atomic bomb;,with his wife,legally adopted one of the Maidens;,helped create a program for the“35 Polish women who had been victims of Nazi medical experiments during the war”.,7,2025/4/30 周三,“Hiroshima Maidens”,8,2025/4/30 周三,Structure,Part I,(para.1-4),In,what way I was miseducated,.,Why this education was inadequate.,What kind of education we need.,What this new education may bring about,.,Part II,(paras.5-7),Part III,(paras.8-10),Part IV,(paras.11),9,2025/4/30 周三,These notes are,in the nature of,a,confession,.,in the nature of:,kind of;similar to,他的请求好像是命令。,His request was,inthenatureof,a command.,by nature,就其本质而言,天生地,natively,他天生喜欢绘画。,He likes painting,by nature,.,true to nature,：,vivid;lively,This oil-painting is true to naturepay,（,answer,obey,）,a call of nature:,go to toilet,e.g.:Excuse me for a minuteI must,pay a call of,nature,before we leave.,10,2025/4/30 周三,confession:,the act of admitting that you,have done something that you are ashamed,of or embarrassed about.,make a confession,:,招供 坦白,I have,become,most,aware of,my lack of a proper,be/become aware of,:,意识到，明白，了解,他好像没有意识到这个问题。,He doesnt seem to,be aware of,the problems.,as far as Im aware,据我所知,11,2025/4/30 周三,see,comprehend,understand,appreciate,1.,see,的基本意思可指一般视觉的“看见”,也可指有意识地“观察”,引申可表示由观察而“领会”“理解”。,2.,comprehend,指用智力充分而完全地理解事物的内在含义。例如,:,那孩子看了这篇故事,但没有理解它的全部意思。,The child read the story but didnt,comprehend,its full meaning.,如果你能正确、有效地使用一个词,你就是了解它了。,If you can use a word correctly and effectively you,comprehend,it.,12,2025/4/30 周三,3.,understand,则是明白别人说的话,完全了解某种事实。例如,:,这封信我已经看过了,可是看不懂。,Ive read the letter but I dont,understand,it.,4.,appreciate,指对某物有较深的理解能力,强调“欣赏”。例如,:,我不会欣赏古典音乐。,I am incapable of,appreciating,classical music.,13,2025/4/30 周三,for which my education might have been,adequate,enough or good enough for a particular purpose or need;having the necessary ability or qualities,我们有足够的食物可以做一星期的旅行。,We had,adequate,food for a weeks journey.,Ihope he will be,adequate,to the job.,我希望他将胜任这一工作。,14,2025/4/30 周三,enough,adequate,ample,sufficient,这组词都有“足够的”意思。其区别在于：,1.enough,为一般用语,有时可与,adequate,互换。,enough,常偏重表示,数量或程度,;,而,adequate,既可用于描述数量或程度,也可用于描述性质、质量,。,2.adequate,表示“仅够满足”“恰好满足”,;enough,和,sufficient,还可表示足够满足,;,而,ample,表示充足而有余,即,amplesufficientenoughadequate,。,3.sufficient,与,enough,同义,确切程度比,enough,大,前者多用于需要的满足,后者则多用于欲望的满足,;,前者多,用于书面语,后者多用于口语。,15,2025/4/30 周三,Geography had,instructed me in differences of terrain,instruct sb.in a subject/skill,:to teach sb.sth.,威廉博士教我们植物学。,Dr.Williams,instructs us in,botany.,16,2025/4/30 周三,instruct,educate,school,teach,train,这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别：,1.,teach,的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而,instruct,educate,train,和,school,则各有其侧重点。,instruct,强调的是“,系统性,”,;,educate,强调的是“,总体性,”,;,train,强调的是“,方向性,”,而,school,强调的则是“,严格性,”。现分述如下：,17,2025/4/30 周三,instruct,与,teach,的区别在于其“系统性,”,即“系统教授”,内容上是,系统的知识,方法上是,连续地、正式地,。例如,:,威廉博士教代数课,Dr.Williams,instructs,classes in algebra.,educate,比,teach,更为正式,强调的是教育的,总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的,时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如：世界观、性格、品质等。例如,:,有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。,Some schools,teach,but fail to,educate,their students.,18,2025/4/30 周三,train,指的“教育”带有明显的,方向性,或者,造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上,train,指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与,instruct,有些接近。例如,:,他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。,They were,trained,as animal doctors in this school.,19,2025/4/30 周三,school,强调教育和训练的,严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如,她在外语方面受到过严格训练。,She was,schooled,in foreign languages.,家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。,The parents,schooled,their children in politeness.,He was,schooled,by life itself.,生活本身锻炼了他。,20,2025/4/30 周三,2.teach,和,instruct,在用法上也不同,teach,接,sb.Sth.;,而,instruct,接,sb.in sth.,。,试比较下面两个句子：,史密斯先生教我们英语。,Mr.Smith,taught,us English.Mr.Smith,instructed,us in English.,另外,两词接,to-v,时意思也不同：,teach sb.to-v,的意思是,“教某人做某事”,而,instruct sb.to-v,的意思是,命令或通知某人做某事,。例如,:,He,taught,us to run the machine.,他教我们开机器。,The captain,instructed,the soldiers to retreat.,上 尉命令士兵们撤退。,21,2025/4/30 周三,Comparative culture had instructed me in the differences of background and,group interests,.,group interests(,利益）,:interests of ethnic,social,political groups,fundamental interests,根本利益,immediate interests,切身利益；眼前利益；当前利益,interests,股权，股份,business interests,企业界；企业股,22,2025/4/30 周三,In those respects,my education had been more than adequate.,in this/one/everyrespect,在这方面,/,某方面,/,每方面,in all/many respects,在各方面,/,许多方面,in/with respect to,关于，至于,concerning,谈到你的其他建议,我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。,With respect to,your other proposals,I am not yet able to tell you our decision.,without respect to,不管，不顾,Dolf did what he thought right,without,respect to,the consequences.,23,2025/4/30 周三,The,principal,significance,of such differences was that they were largely without,significance,.(,重复强调）,e.g.The,business,of government is to keep the government out of,business,that is,unless,business,needs government aid.,Principal,:(adj.)main,the most important (n),校长,e.g.Ourprincipalproblem is lack of time.,VS,principle,原则，本质,Homonym:two words are homonyms if they are,pronounced or spelled the same way but have,different meanings,24,2025/4/30 周三,My education had,bypassed,the similarities.,vt.:to ignore;to go round instead of through;to avoid,n.:a highway that encircles an urban area so that traffic does not have to pass through the center,我们绕城外走，就不会受交通拥挤之累了,If we,bypass,the town,well miss all traffic.,你不能回避这个问题。,You cannot,bypass,this question.,我们走旁道，就能避开市镇的中心。,If we take the,bypass,well avoid the town centre.,25,2025/4/30 周三,It had failed to,grasp,and define the fact that,beyond,the differences are realities,scarcely,comprehended because of their very simplicity.,grasp,：,vt.,抓住,抓紧,seize(sb./sth.)firmly with hand,etc.;take advantage of(sth.),vt.,理解,领悟,understand(sth.)fully,n.,抓住,;,理解,hold;understanding,26,2025/4/30 周三,I,grasped,the main point of the speech.,你必须抓住机会。,You must,grasp,this opportunity.,She has a good,grasp,of the English language.,她精通英语。,I kept her hands in my,grasp,.,我紧握着她的手。,27,2025/4/30 周三,beyond,prep.,超出；远于；除,.,之外；超出,之外,adv.,在更远处,n.,远处；来世,通货膨胀率已经超过了,8%,。,The level of inflation has gone,beyond,8%.,他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。,They crossed the mountains and traveled to the valleys,beyond,.,未来人们能到月球或更远处去旅行。,In the future,men can travel to the moon and,beyond,.,我们对来世能知道些什么呢？,What can we know of the,beyond,?,28,2025/4/30 周三,scarcely,:,only just;hardly;,surely not,在受到如此好的待遇后他们决不会抱怨。,They could,scarcely,complain after such good treatment.,scarcely any,adj.,几乎没有,(,少有；简直没有,),It is of,scarcely any,use.,这简直没有什么用处。,scarcely ever,adv.,极难得,(,几乎从不,),他几乎从不看电影。,He,scarcely ever,go to the movies.,Youre scarcely out of the shell yet.,你乳臭未干。,scarcely.when,一,就,刚,便,Scarcely,had we arrived,when,it began to rain.,我们刚一到就下起雨来了。,29,2025/4/30 周三,to know about the amazing,variations,of human culture and behavior.,a change,esp.in the amount or level of sth(,数量，水平等的,),变化，变更，变异,regionalseasonal variation,地区性季节性变化,a thing that is different from other things in the same general group,变异的东西；变种；变体,any of a set of short pieces of music based on a simple tune repeated in a different and more complicated form,变奏；变奏曲,30,2025/4/30 周三,But it wasnt the type of knowledge you had to,live by,and build on.,live by,:earn ones living by(doing)sth,live by ones wits,：,靠小聪明骗人过日子,live on,：,靠,生存；以,.,为主食；继续活着,live for,：,为,.,而活；盼望,live up to,：,实践（原则，誓言等）,live and learn,：,活到老，学到老,;,不经一事,不长一智,live high=live like a lord,：,过奢华的生活,live it up,：,狂欢,live life to the full,：,日子过得充实,31,2025/4/30 周三,condense,，,compress,，,contract,，,shrink,这些动词均含“收缩，压缩”之意。,condense,：,指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。,Soup condenses when boiled,（汤煮过后就浓了。）,compress,：,指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。,An instrument of torture formerly used to compress the thumb,（拇指夹过去使用的一种用于压迫拇指的刑具）,contract,：,主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。,Metal contracts as it becomes cool,（金属冷却时体积缩小。）,shrink,：,侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。,The number of students of this school has shrunk,（这所学,校的学生人数）在减少。,32,2025/4/30 周三,The old emphasis upon superficial differences had to,give way to,education,a.,to admit defeat in an argument or fight,b.,to break under pressure;collapse,c.,to have its place taken by,d.,to allow oneself to show,Examples:,He,gave way to,tears.,My new evidence forced him to,give way,.,The floor,gave way,under the heavy weight.,Steam trains,gave way to,electric trains.,听任自己流露,让步,断裂,让某人先行,33,2025/4/30 周三,accident incident event occurrence happening,这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。,accident,:,强调,偶然或意外,发生的,不幸,事情。,incident,:,既可指,小事件或附带事件,，又可指,政治上具有影响的事件或事变,。,event,:,可指任何大小事件，但尤指,历史上的重大事件,。,occurrence,:,多指,日常生活,中发生的,一般事件,，有时也指,偶然发生,的事。,happening,:happening,与,occurrence,相似，多指日,常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指,偶然发生的事。,34,2025/4/30 周三,to,take in,past experience,and also to visualize future needs.,鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。,Fish,take in,oxygen through their gills.,我完全不能理解他的话。,I couldnt,take in,his story at all.,这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。,The salesman finds it easy to,take,in,old ladies.,那位好心的老太太愿意收容这个贫困无家可归的陌生人。,The kind old lady offered to,take,in,the poor,homeless stranger.,吸收；,领会；,欺骗；,接待,35,2025/4/30 周三,ability,：普通用词，指人,先天的或学来,的各种能力。,capacity,：侧重指人的,潜在能力,，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指,接受与领悟能力,。,capability,：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与,of,或,for,连用。,genius,：,语气最强,，指天赋的高度才能与智力。,talent,：着重指人,某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,，但语意比,genius,弱。,competence,：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的,业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求,。,faculty,：指,特殊的,才能或智力。,gift,：着重个人的,天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,，常暗含,不能用作一般解释规律,的意思。,aptitude,：多指,先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,，,常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种,学术训练或艺,术技巧,。,36,2025/4/30 周三,conscience,1.the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong,良心；良知,have a clear/guilty conscience,2.a guilty feeling about sth you have done or failed to do,内疚；愧疚,She was seized by a sudden pang of,conscience,.,3.the fact of behaving in a way that you feel is right even though this may cause problems,凭良知行事,He refused for reasons of,conscience,to eat meat,.,372025/4/30 周三,on ones conscience,令人感到内疚；受到良心谴责,那罪行沉重地压在他心上。,The crime lies heavily,on his conscience,.,in(all)conscience,凭良心；公正地,凭良心讲，我不能要他做我不想做的事。,I cannot,in conscience,ask him to do what I dont want to do.,38,2025/4/30 周三,it is possible that some nation or people may,come forward,not only with vital understanding,come forward:,主动站出来，自告奋勇，挺身而出,没有一个人站出来提供有关谋杀的情况。,No one has,come forward,with information about the murder.,(,建议等,),被提出讨论,这件事将在下次会议上讨论。,The matter will,come forward,at the next meeting.,涌现,涌现了大批积极分子。,Many activists have,come forward,.,39,2025/4/30 周三,Theme,To prepare ourselves for this new world,we must all be re-educated so that we will be able to understand that there are more similarities than differences among peoples.,The differences are superficial and insignificant whereas the similarities are essential and fundamental.,These similarities enable all of us to be equal members in this global village and to live happily with mutual respect.,40,2025/4/30 周三,