一般过去时、现在完成时与一般现在时的区别(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时与,一般过去时、,一般现在时,的区别,1,（一）,一般过去时态,、,现在完成时态、,一般现在时,的概念,一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动,作或存在的状态,，,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与,yesterday,、,yesterday afternoon,、,the day before yesterday,、,last year,、,in 1965,、,a moment ago,、,just now,等表示过去的,具体的,时间状语连用。,例如：,He came here yesterday.,2,现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的影响和结果常与,ever,，,never,，,before,twice,already,just,，,yet,，,so far,，,since,for,，,up to now,，,in past years,等，皆,不确定或模糊,的时间状语,连用,。,例如,He has,j,ust,broken his bottle.,3,一般现在时,表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态,.,通常与副词,sometimes,often,usually,always,every day(year,month),once(twice,three times)a day,等时间状语连用。,They usually go to school by bike.,I take the medicine three times a day.,She helps her mother once a week.,He often watches Tv.,Mary likes reading interesting stories,Marys father is a policeman.,There are 50 students in my class.,4,(,二）一般过去时态、现在完成时,和,一般现在时,的,区别,）,现在完成时,是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而,一般过去时,则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。,一般现在时,表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态,.,与过去没有关系,。,例如：,We havent seen him since last year.,我们自从去年以来一直未见到他,（现在还未见到）,We didnt see him last year.,我们去年没见到他,.,（现在不一定未见到）,I often see him.,(,现在经常见到,),5,）现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：,He has lived here since he was born.,自他出生以来一直居住在这儿,。,（,since,自从,以来,，与现在有关,，,说明他还居住在这儿。）,Liu,M,ei went to see her grandmother last night.,刘梅昨晚去看了他外婆,。,（只说明昨晚）,6,例如：,We,are,good friends(,现在情况,),我们是好朋友。,I,got,to,know,him,in 2005,.(,过去的动作,),我在,2005,年认识（结识）他,We,have,known,each other,since 2005,.(,现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在,),自从,2005,年来我们就相互认识。,7,（三）值得注意几个问题,）,动作发生在过去，一直持续到说话的时候，并且还在延续时，要用现在完成时。例如：,We have studied English for two years,.,我们学英语两年了,）,指过去的经历，但没有表示过去的时间状语，要用现在完成时。例如：,I have been to Shanghai twice.,我曾去过上海两次,）,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如,yesterday,last,week,in 1960,）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。,Tom wrote a letter to his parents,last night,.,4,）以,When,开头的特殊疑问句，要用一般过去时。例如：,When did you lose your pen?,你什么时候丢了钢笔？,8,5,）,just,(,刚刚）与,现在完成时,连用，,just now,(,刚才）与,一般过去时,连用。例如：,The train has just gone.,火车刚刚离开。,The train left here just now.,火车是刚才离开。,6,）,since,作介词，后面跟时间名词一起作状语时，句子要用现在完成时；,since,作连词引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。,7）,so far,，,in the last/past,与,现在完成时,连用。例如：,So far,，,many countries have sent up satellites into space.In the last 30 years,，,our lives have changed a lot.,He has worked in this factory since 1996.,I have known him since he was a child.,9,(,四,）现在完成时应注意的,四个区别,1,）延续性动词与短暂性动词的区别。,2,）,since,和,for,的区别。,3,）,have/has gone to,；,have/has been to,；,have/has been in,的区别。,4)already,和,yet,的区别,10,A,、,leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep,diebe dead get upbe up,t,urn,onbe on,come/get backbe back go to townbe in town,f,inish,be,o,ver,catch a coldhave a cold,closebe closed/not open openbe open,fall ill/asleep be ill/asleep begin/startbe on,get/receive a letter fromhave a letter from,B,、,come to be here/there,arrive in,（,at,）,/get to/reachbe here/there,join the,A,rmy-be in the,A,rmy/be a soldier,join the League-be in the League/be a league member,（五）延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳,11,He died 10 years ago.,-He _ _ _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He _ _ the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He _ _ here since three days ago.,5.They turned on the light 2 hours ago.,-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He _ _ a _ for a year.,-He _ _ _ the army for a year.,-It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化,12,He died 10 years ago.,-He,has been dead,for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He,has kept,the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He,has had,the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He,has been,here since three days ago.,5.They turned on the light 2 hours ago.,-The light,has been on,for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He,has been away,from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film,has been on,for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been open,for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been closed,for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He,has been a soldier,for a year.,-He,has been in,the army for a year.,-It,is,a year since he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化,(keys),13,for,和,since,的运用,since,表“自从,以来”。,1)since+,时间点,Hehasstayedhere,since5oclock,.,2)since+,时间段,+ago,Hehasstayedhere,since5hoursago,.,3)since+,从句,ShehastaughtEnglish,sincehecame,here.,14,for+,时间段,He has kept the book,for 2 weeks,.,例如：,for,:(,长达）,1.Hehasstayedhere,for3hours,.,2.Hehasstayedhere,since3hoursago,.3.Hehasstayedhere,since3oclock,.,4.HehastaughtEnglish,sincehecamehere.,15,Fill in the blanks with“for”or“since”:,We have had the new computer _ a week.,How long have you studied English?,I have studied English _ I was five.,3.How long has he taught in this school?,He has taught in this school _ 1998.,4.How long have you known each other?,We have known each other _ over ten years.,5.How long have you kept your pet dog?,I have kept it _ two years ago.,I have kept it _ two years,.,since,since,for,since,for,for,16,James has been in Canada _ Monday.,James has been in Canada _ four days.,James came to Canada four days _.,My aunt has lived in Brazil _ 15 years.,My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _.,She has lived in Brazil _ 15 years _.,Mike has been in hospital _ October.,Mike has been in hospital _ two months,Mike came to the hospital two months _,He has been in hospital _ two months _,填上,since,for,或者,ago,.,since,for,ago,for,ago,since,ago,since,for,ago,since,ago,17,They got married six months _.,They has been married _ six months.,They have been married _ 6 months _.,I first met Susan two years _.,I have known Susan _ two years.,I have known Susan _ two years ago.,Sue is in the office.Shes been there _ three hours.,Sue came to the office three hours _.,Sue has been in the office _ 3 hours _.,ago,for,since,ago,ago,for,since,for,ago,since,ago,18,have gone to,have been to,have been in,去了某地，不在这里,曾经去过某地,已回来,呆在某地（多长时间）,She,isnt here,.She has gone to the reading-,room.,She has been to Shanghai,twice/once/,before,.,She has been in Beijing for,two years,.,19,have(has)gone to,意为“到某地去了”，,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。,-Where is Tom?,汤姆在哪里？,-He,has gone to,the bookshop.,他到书店去了。,Father,has gone to,Hong Kong.Hell be back in a week.,爸爸到香港去了,一星期后 回来,20,II.have(has)been to,表示“曾经去过某地”,，现在已经不在那里了。可以与,just,ever,never,等连用。,I have just been to the post office.,我刚刚去过邮局。,Tim has never been to the Great Wall.,玛丽从未去过长城。,Have you ever been to Hangzhou?,你曾经去过杭州吗？,21,have(has)been to,后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。,I have been to Beijing three times.,我去过北京三次。,They have been to that Happy Valleys several times.,他们去过欢乐谷好几次了,22,have(has)been in,表示“在某地呆多长时间”，,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。,Mr.Brown,has been in,Shanghai for three days.,布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。,They,have been in,Canada for five years.,他们到加拿大有五年了,We,have been in,Shenzhen Middle School Junior,Campus for over two months.,我们在深中初中部两个多月了,.,23,用,have/has gone to,have/has been to,或,have/has been in,填空。,1.Bill is on holiday at the moment.He,_ Spain.,has gone to,2.“Wheres Lily?”“Shes not here.I think,she _ to the bank.”,has gone to,3.Hello,Sue.Where _ you _?,_ you _ _ the bank?,have been,Have been to,4.Tim is in hopital.He _,hospital for five days.,has been in,24,5.“How long _ she _ _ England?”,“She _ _ _ England since Monday.”,for three days.,has been in,has been to,6.My father _ _ _ Shanghai twice.,has been in,7.I can find Susan.Where _ she _?,8.Oh,Hello Susan!I was looking for you.,Where _ you _?,has gone,have been,25,already,和,yet,的区别,already,常用于肯定句中或句末；,yet,常用于,一般疑问句,或,否定句,末。但表惊讶时,already,也可用于疑问句。例如：,1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.,2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomework yet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?,26,Shall we eat lunch?I am _ hungry.,Have you met our foreign teacher _?,No,not _.,Has the bell rung _?,Yes,It has _ rung.,The computer has not been repaired _.,We have _ changed the plan because Linda hasnt made up her mind _.Have you ordered the takeaway food _?,Yes.We have _ ordered it.,already,yet,yet,yet,already,already,yet,yet,already,yet,Fill in,already,or,yet,when needed,27,Correct the mistakes in the following sentences,.,1,、,Tom has got up for half an hour.,2,、,Liu Mei has joined the League for three years.,3,、,The train has reached the station since 10,minutes ago.,4,、,The little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.,5,、,When have you cleaned the classroom?,Its clean now.,6,、,How long have you caught a cold?,7,、,She has got ten letters from her mother since last,week.,火眼金睛,been up,been in,been at,been asleep,did,clean,had,had,28,Multiple choice,.,()1.Has your brother found his lost car _?,-No,he hasnt.,A.still B.already C.just D.yet,()2.The visitors _ here for a week.,A.have left B.have come,C.have arrived D.have been,()3.Where _ you _ all these years,Jim?,A.have,been B.did,be,C.were,been D.did,stay,()4.Ive _ this dictionary _ a year.,A.bought,for B.had,for,C.bought,since D.had,since,D,D,A,B,29,()5.You _ here before,_ you?,A.never are,are B.never came,do,C.have never been,have,D.were never,were,()6.The doctor _ to Beijing twice.,A.has gone B.has been C.went D.goes,()7.My mother has _ made a big mooncake,herself.,A.already B.yet C.just D.always,()8.-Mr Green is no longer working here.He,_ here for a month.,A.has gone B.has left,C.has been away from D.left,C,B,A,C,30,(),9._you _ the film before?,Where _ you _ it?A.Have seen,，,did see,B.Did see,，,did watch,C.Have seen,，,have seen D.Did see,have seen,()10.-I have seen the film“Titanic”already.-When _ you _ it,？,-The day before yesterday.,A.have,；,seen,B.will,；,see,C.did,；,see,D.did,；,seen,()11.“Why _ she _ angry?”“Because he _ at her just now.”,A.did get,shouted B.has got,shouted,C.did get,has shouted D.has got,has shouted,A,C,A,31,用所给动词的适当形式填空。,I _ in Shenzhen for about 15 years.,(live),2.He _ here since 1998.(work),3.Bob isnt in.He_ to the cinema.(go),4.I _ to Australia three times.(be),5.She _ English for about five years.,(study),6.She _ English since 1999.(teach),have lived,has,worked,has,gone,has,studied,has,taught,have been,32,7.We _ each other for about 5 years.,(know),8._ you ever _ to Australia?(be),No.I _ never _ there.But I _,_ to Canada once.,9.Shanghai _(be)a small town hundreds of years ago .Now it _ (become)a large city.,10.My father _ just _ (come)back from work.He is tired now,have,known,Have,been,have,been,have,been,was,becomes,has,come,33,THE END,Thank you!,34,