初中阶段英语考点总结.docx

too 肯定句句末，前有逗号 also 肯定句句中，放在行为动词之前，be动词、系动词以及助动词之后either 否定句句末，前有逗号as well 肯定句句末，前无逗号
last（1）adj. 最后的，上一个的（2）adv.最后，上次（3）v.持续（4）n.最后=at last=in the end=finally
family/home/house(1)family 家，家庭，做主语，谓语动词用单数家人，做主语，谓语动词用复数(2)home ，家，家乡，指个人或者家庭住所产地，发源地(3)house 房子，主要指建筑物
What about    = How about 表示建议的句型：Why not do sth.What/How about doing sth.Shall we do sth.You’d better (not) do sth.Would you like to do sth.Why don’t you do sth.Let’s do sth.Would you mind doing sth.Thank sb. for =Thanks forthanks for”因……而表示感谢”thanks to “幸亏，由于”
help v.  help sb. (to) do sth.help (sb.) with sth.help (sb.) outcan’t help doing sth.help oneself to sth.n. (不可数）ask sb. for helpwith one’s help= with the help of sth.
playv.  扮演 play a/an ……role /part in演奏 play+the+西洋乐器
播放 play music玩 play with sb./sth.play +球类play +棋牌类、游戏类play a joke on sb.play a trick on sb.n. 剧本，戏剧（可数）sound系动词，“听起来”+形容词/like +n.名词，“声音”sound 泛指，“声音”voice (人、鸟）声音，嗓音noise “噪音”
need实义动词，need n./to do sth./doing=to be done情态动词 名词 in (great )need of have no need to do=There is no need for sb. to do sth.buy/sell/salebuy (v.)  buy sth. from sth.= buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.sell (v.)  sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb.sale(n.)  on sale 出售，上市，廉价for sale 待售
speakspeak “说（某种语言），说话”强调说话方式say“说，讲，”强调说话内容talk “交谈，谈话”talk to /with/about/back/overtell “告诉，讲述”“区别”be good at擅长= do well in be good for    对……有好处be good to 对……好=be kind tobe good with 善于应付……，对……有办法
dressdress sb. in sth. 给某人穿……衣服dress up 穿盛装dress up as 扮成dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服get dressed   穿戴好衣服区别：表动作put on+衣服/鞋/袜/帽dress+人表状态   wear +衣服、首饰等be dressed in +衣服类（be）in +颜色/衣服常见交通方式表达take a/the +交通walk/ride/fly/drive to +地点by+交通工具in+限定词+小型交通on+限定词+大型交通工具
stopn.  车站v.   停止   stop doing sth.stop to do sth.stop…… （from）doing=keep/prevent …… fromcan’t stop doing sth.afraidbe afraid to do sth.be afraid of (doing) sth.I’m afraid that……到达arrive  “到达；够得着”arrive at +小地点arrive in+ 大地点arrive +副词reach   reach+地点 reach+副词get     get to +地点get +副词watch 注视，观看（比赛，电影）；看电视look 看，看起来 （强调动作）    look atsee 看见（强调结果），理解read 阅读，看（书、报纸、杂志）too many 太多+可数名词复数too much (1)后跟不可数名词（2）修饰动词（3）名词短语much too 太……+adj./adv.
keep(1)系动词keep +adj.keep sb./sth.+adj.(2)实义动词 Keep sb./sth. doingkeep (on) doing keep ……from doing sth.  阻止……做某事keep sth.+一段时间       借……多久forgetforget sb./sth.forget to do sth.forget doing sth.forget that+
a few（+可数名词复数）几个few （+可数名词复数）几乎没有a little (+不可数名词）一点儿little (+不可数名词）几乎没有would like sth.would like to do sth.would like sb. to do sth.
ordern. 点菜 take one’s order  秩序，顺序 in order / out of order井然有序/出故障v. 点菜，命令 order sb.(not) to do sth.the number of ……的数量a number of 许多的
hearhear sb. do sth.( be heard to do sth.)hear sb. doing sth.hear that……hear from hear of/about
6.v.-ing “令人……”v.-ed  ”感到……surprisen. in surpriseto one’s surprisegive sb. a surpriseget a surprisev. surprise sb./make sb. surprised
putput up 搭起，建立；张贴；举起put out 扑灭put off doing sth.推迟put on 穿上，上演，发胖put away 收起put down 放下so that “为了”（1）so +adj./adv. + that so adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that（2）such+a/an +adj 单数可数名词+thatsuch+adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+that
seemseem +名词/形容词“似乎是……，好像是……”seem + to do sth.It seems that seem like“看起来像”
decidev. decide(not) to do sth.decide on /upon doing sth.decide+特殊疑问词+to dodecide+宾语从句n. decision make a decisionmake one’s own decision(s)becausebecause of +名词、代词或动名词because+句子
enoughadj. “足够的”放于名词前或者后adv. “足够地”，放于形容词或者副词之后
hardlyhardly   adv.  “几乎不”，位于实义动词之前hard     adj. “困难的，硬的，辛苦的”adv.”努力地，猛烈地”，实义动词之后
mindn.   头脑，心智 change one’s mindkeep one’s mind   牢记make up one’s mind to do e to one’s mind    某人突然想起v. 介意 mind(not) doing sth.
win/beatwin “获胜，赢得”，及物动词，厚街比赛、战争、奖品或荣誉不及物动词，“赢”beat “敲打，打败”及物动词，后接对手不及物动词，“殴打，拍打，跳动”
carecareful adj. 小心的，细致的carefully adv. 小心地，细致地caring adj. 体贴人的care about  关心，在意。care for   照顾take (good) care of =look after…… （well）(好好） 照顾/照料be similar to (性质、属性、特点、方式、方法）类似take after 在（相貌、体格、性情等方面）像（父母等），与……相像，多指遗传look like 看上去像，看起来像，问外表be like “像……”问外表和性格。look for “寻找”，强调动作find “发现，找到”（finding  n.）find out 查明discover 发现，发觉invent 发明happen 偶然或突发性事件，主语为物，无被动sth. happen(s) to sb.sb. happen(s)   to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事take place 事先计划或预先布置发生，无被动。
surebe sure  to do sth.  务必/一定做某事be sure about/of/that 确信make sure of /to do/ that 确保for sure 无疑，肯定
promisen.  承诺，诺言  make a promisekeep /break one’s promisev. 许诺    promise（not）to do sth.promise sb. sth.= promise sth.promise (sb.) that
take take up   学着做，开始做；占用（时间、空间）take ……seriously 认真对待take after （外貌或行为）像take down 拆除，记录take out 拿走take off 脱下，起飞take in 吸入take a shower 淋浴take a walk 散步take a trip 去旅行take a message 捎口信take a break 休息take place 发生
fall不及物动词 fall off 从……落下fall into  落入fall down 突然倒下fall in love with爱上fall over绊倒fall behind 落后于系动词 fall asleep 入睡fall ill 生病名词 “秋天”“瀑布”fill  (v.) “使充满，装满”fill ……with=be filled withfull (adj.)  “充满的”      be full of cover  v. 遮盖，覆盖 cover   with  =be covered with/byn. 覆盖物，封面prepare(v.)prepare for prepare sth. for sb.=prepare sb. sth.prepare to do sth.be prepared for = be ready for 
until介词，“到……时，直到……为止”连词，“直到……为止”谓语动词必须用延续性动词，主将从现not……until “直到……才……”谓语动词为非延续性动词
turnturn on 打开turn off 关掉turn down 调低，拒绝turn up 调高，出现look forward to （doing）sth.  盼望expect sb. to do              期待
experiencen. 可数名词，“经历”不可数名词，“经验”v. “经历，体验”adj. experienced 有经验的询问病情常用语What’s the matter with sb.?What’s wrong with sb.?What’s the trouble with sb.?What happened to sb.?What ‘s up with sb.?What’s the problem with sb.?
used to used to do sth. 过去常常be/get/become used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do= be used for doing sth.被用来run 跑；管理，经营，使用（车辆）；（使）运转，操作；刊登，run out 用完，耗尽，不能跟宾语，无被动，主语为物，run out of 用完，必须跟宾语，有被动从……跑出去mean v.mean sth. 意思是mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事
diedie    v. 死亡  die of/from/downdead adj. 死的  dying adj.  垂死的death n.死亡10.lonely  adj. 孤独的，荒凉的alone   adj.  单独的adv.  单独地
raiseraise (v.) 举起，增加，提高，筹集，抚养rise (V.) 上升，增加，上涨，起来
neitheradj.   neither+名词单数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数pron. neither of+名词/代词复数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数adv. neither/nor+情态动词/助动词/be动词+另一个主语，“……也不”so+情态动词/助动词/be动词+另一个主语，“……也是”conj. neither……nor……“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用就近原则
borrowborrow“借用”，非延续性动词，borrow ……sth.(from sb./somewhere)lend “借出”，非延续性动词，lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.keep “保留”，延续性动词，keep sth. for +一段时间return “归还”，return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.
provideprovide “提供”provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.offer “主动提出，自愿给予” offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.offer to do sth.
allowallow doing sth.allow sb. to do sth.=be allowed to do sth.
comparecompare ……with 把……和……比较（compared with 和……相比，通常放于句首）compare ……to 把……比作……
remindremind sb. of = make sb. think of  使某人想起……remind sb. (not) to do sth.提醒某人（不要）做某事remind sb. that 提醒某人做某事
insteadinstead  adv.“代替，相反，却”，修饰整个句子，谓语句首或句末，后不接其他词，表示前面的事未做而做了后面的事instead of 介词短语  “代替，而不是”在句中位置灵活，后面可跟名词、代词或动名词，表示没有做后面的事
marrymarry sb. =be/get married to sb.与某人结婚marry sb.to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/让某人娶某人get married结婚（表动作）be married结婚（表状态）population 集合名词，指人口总数，“人口，人口数量”（large/big/small）作主语且强调整体人口，谓语动词用单数分数/百分数+of+the population 作主语，谓语动词用复数What /How large is the population of ……？某地+has a population of+数词/ The population of+某地+is+数词“某地有多少人口”
includeinclude   v. 后面接名词，动名词including prep.后接名词、代词、动名词，常位于句中或句末，前多有逗号succeed v. 成功 succeed in doing sth.success n. successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地achieve “（通过努力）实现，取得达到”，主语一般是人，achieve one’s dream/success名词，achievementrealize “实现”“意识到，了解”come true “实现”（主语为物），make ……come trueencourage  v. 鼓励（encouragement  n.）encourage sb. in sth.encourage sb. to do sth.
regard“关注，打量，注视”“认为，看待” regard……as……=see/treat/consider …… as把……看作
consider思考，考虑 consider（doing）sth./consider +疑问词+to do sth.认为，觉得 consider ……asconsider +that从句consider sb./sth. (to be)
suggestsuggest  v. (suggestion  n. 可数)  suggest sth. to sb.suggest (sb./one’s) doing sth.advise    V.  (advice    n. 不可数）advise sb. (not) to do sth.advise doing sth.advise sb. on/aboutcost/spend/pay/takecost (v. 花费。 n. 成本，花费） sth cost(s) sb.+ moneyIt costs sb. some money to do sth.spend(v.) sb. spend(s) +time/money  on sth.sb. spend(s)  +time/ money(in) doing sth.pay (v.) sb. pay(s) +money for sth.pay for“为……付钱”pay back 偿还take (v.) It take(s) +time+to do sth.attend 正式用语，参加会议、典礼join 加入某个党派、组织、社团、俱乐部等，并成为其中一员join in 指参加小规模的活动，如比赛、游戏take part in 多指参加群众性的活动，并发挥积极作用
avoidavoid sth./sb.avoid doing 
supposesuppose sb./sth to be 认为某人、某物是……suppose+thatbe (not)supposed to do sth.receive 客观上“收到”，“接待，欢迎”accept 主观上 “接受”
patientn. 病人adj. 有耐心的 be patient with……/be patient to do sth.patience(n.) patiently(adv.)      impatient (adj.)looklook up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅，抬头看look forward to 期待look up to 钦佩look back at 回顾
look out 当心look like 看起来像look for 寻找look after 照顾look through 浏览
lay/lielay  v. 放置（lay out）;下蛋，产卵（lay -laid-laid-laying）lie v. 平躺，位于(lie-lay-lain-lying)；说谎(lie-lied-lied-lying)；n . 谎言
warnwarn sb. of/about sth.  提醒某人注意某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事warn sb.against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事
endv. 结束，终止  end up like 最终落得像……一样的下场end up with 以 ……结束end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终n. 末尾，尽头 in the end at the end of by the end of 到……末为止polite（adj.）politely (adv.)  impolite  (adj.)be polite to sb.对某人又礼貌It’s polite (of sb.) to do sth.（某人）做某事是有礼貌的if 是否，如果when “什么时候”“当……的时候”deal with 处理，应付。强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用do with 处理，安置。强调处理的对象，常与what 连用proud （adj.） 自豪的，骄傲的 be proud of/ to do sth.pride (n.)     自豪，骄傲   take pride in be madebe made of 由……制作（看得出原料）be made from 由……制作（看不出原料）be made in 产于某地be made by 被……制成be made up of 由……组成（强调由部分组成整体）be known/famous+介词be known/famous for be known/famous asbe known/famous to “为……所知”
pleasurepleasure n. “愉快” with pleasure乐意效劳/my pleasure不客气please v.“使满意，使高兴” pleased adj. “高兴的”（人） be pleased with/to do sth.pleasant adj. “令人愉快的”（物）It +be+过去分词+that从句It is said that    据说It is believed that 人们认为It is reported that 据报道It is known that 众所周知It is supposed that 据猜测
3.not only……but（ also ）……不但……而且……“就近原则”neither……nor 既不……也不……“就近原则”either……or 或者……或者；要么……要么“就近原则”both ……and
wayget in the way of doing sth. 挡……路；妨碍go out of one’s way to do sth.特地，费心去做make one’s way to  前往，费力前进lose one’s way 迷路on the/one’s way to 在去……的路上by the way 顺便说一下in this / the same way用这种/同样的方法in a way在某种程度上the way to do sth.=the way of doing sth.做某事的方法
sleepsleep(v./n) 睡觉asleep (adj.)睡着的 fall asleep睡着sleepy （adj.）困倦的sleeping（adj.）正在睡觉的preventprevent +名词/代词  预防/阻止prevent sb. (from) doing sth.=stop sb. (from) doing sth.=keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事prefer(preferred,preferred)prefer sth.prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢Aprefer doing A to doing B  喜欢做A胜过做Bprefer to do sth. 宁愿/更喜欢做某事prefer to do A rather than do B= would rather do A than do B宁愿做A而不愿做Bstick to doing sth.  坚持hold on to doing sth. 坚持look forward to doing sth.期盼be/get used to doing sth.习惯于pay attention to doing sth.专注于besides 除了……之外（还有），累加关系expect 除了……之外（没有）,排除关系expect for “除……之外”，整体与部分的关系but “除了”与except用法基本相同would rather 宁愿would rather (not)do sth.宁愿（不）做某事would rather do sth. than do sth.=would do sth. rather than do sth.=prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
makemake sb./sth +adj. 使某人/某物……make sb. +n. 使某人成为……make sb. do sth.=be made to do sth. 使某人做某事make it +adj.+to do sth. 使做某事……make sb./sth. done 使某人/某事被……by the time“在……以前，当……时候”主句用过去完成时，by the time+一般过去时
afford  v.买得起，承担得起afford n./pron.afford to do sth.负担得起做某事It’s+adj. for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事很……”（adj.修饰做某事怎么样）It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事真是太……”（adj.描述人的性格）agree（v.）agreement( n.) disagree (v.)agree with sb./one’s words 同意某人的观点、看法agree on 取得一致意见agree to 同意agree to do sth.同意做某事separate v.分开，分离，隔开  separate ……from 把……与……分隔开adj. 单独的，分离的divide v. 分开，分散 （把整体分成若干） divide……into把……划分成……