机械设备的安全管理是一个综合系统的管理.doc

机械设备的安全管理是一个综合系统的管理

近年来，随着国家加大对高速公路的投入，公路施工的安全生产形势不容乐观，大小事故时有发生，其中机械设备事故占有相当比重。因此，如何强化机械设备安全生产管理，有效防治安全事故隐患，保证人员、机械设备的安全已成为各施工企业加快发展的一个重要任务。

In recent years, with the more and more investment on highway, highway construction production safety situation is not optimistic, the size of the accident to happen from time to tome, which occupies quite a proportion of machinery and equipment accident. Therefore, how to strengthen the mechanical equipment safety management, effective prevention and treatment of safety accidents, ensure the safety of personnel, machinery and equipment has become the construction enterprise to speed up the development of an important task.

一、公路工程机械设备安全管理目的

The purpose of, road engineering machinery equipment safety management

　　公路工程机械设备安全管理的目的, 就是采用各种形式的技术措施和组织措施、管理措施, 预防、消除一切使机械机械设备遭到破坏、人身健康与安全受到威胁、环境遭到污染的因素和现象, 通过一系列的措施来保护工人的人身安全和身体健康, 提升机械机械设备运用的经济效益。

Highway engineering mechanical equipment safety management, the purpose of is to take all kinds of technical measures and organization measures, management measures, to prevent, eliminate all ruined the mechanical machinery and equipment, health and safety is threatened, environmental pollution factors and phenomena, through a series of measures to protect the personal safety and health of workers, improve the economic benefits of mechanical machinery and equipment used.

　　机械机械设备的安全管理是一个综合系统的管理, 既对人、机、环境系统的管理。机械设备的安全管理不到位就会引起: 机械设备本身受到不正常损坏的单纯的机械设备事故;由于机械设备事故而引起的人身伤亡事故; 由于机械设备发生事故而引起的其他性质的灾害;由于机械设备原因(机械设备本身不一定发生事故)引发的人身伤亡或职业病、环境污染等。

Mechanical equipment safety management is a comprehensive system of management, both the management of people, machine and environment system. Mechanical equipment safety management does not reach the designated position can cause: the abnormal damage of the equipment itself purely mechanical equipment accident; Due to mechanical equipment accident or personal injury caused by accident; Caused by mechanical equipment accidents and other nature disaster; Due to mechanical equipment (machinery itself does not necessarily have an accident) cause of life or personal injury or occupational disease, environmental pollution, etc.

　　机械设备安全事故的发生, 带有随机的性质,事后都可以找到确切的原因, 因此, 机械设备安全事故的大部分是可以预防和控制的。

Machinery and equipment safety accidents, with the nature of the random, later can find the exact cause, therefore, most of the mechanical equipment safety accidents can be prevented and controlled.

二、公路工程机械机械设备安全管理因素

Second, road engineering machinery, mechanical equipment safety management factors

　　在公路工程施工中, 机械伤人事故时有发生，机械安全事故也屡见不鲜, 给单位和个人财产造成庞大损失，甚至会给个人带来生命危险。导致机械设备安全事故和机械设备伤人事故的原因很多。但归纳起来主要是人、物和环境这三大因素。

In highway engineering construction, mechanical injury accident to happen from time to tome, mechanical safety accidents are common, unit and individual property due to enormous losses, and even will bring personal life risk. Due to mechanical equipment safety accident and mechanical equipment injuries for many reasons. But is mainly classified into people, things and the environment these three factors.

  　　1、机械设备安全管理中人的因素

1, mechanical equipment safety management of human factors

　　安全管理中人的因素是第一位的,它包括机械设备操以及生产组织、指挥、管理等人员。据统计,由于违反操作规程而发生的机械事故和人身伤亡事故占事故的80%以上。因此, 生产组织、指挥、管理、操作手等人员是非常关键的。首先，操作手缺乏应有的安全知识，专业素养不高，安全、专业操作培训少， 未进行岗前培训，对操作方式不甚了解,对安全操作规程不熟悉,工作经验不够,现场的安全技术交底也不彻底，对安全不重视，对存在安全异常状况的应变能力差, 对可能发生的危险后果完全无知,均会导致事故发生。其次，安全生产组织者、管理人员、操作手等抱着侥幸心理违章操作。严格按安全操作规程办事, 对组织者、管理者、操作人员来说就受到了“约束〞, 于是一些组织者、管理者操作人员抱着侥幸心理违章指挥、违章作业。吊装用的钢丝断丝，司机不及时改换钢丝绳，水稳拌合上料仓一个人去清理料，旁边无人照看，装载机刹车不好司机懒的检修等都是引起现场安全事故的原因。再者，预见能力的局限性。操作人员纪律松懈、责任心不强, 施工现场安全交底不细致等,都会导致事故发生。在施工中,机械操作员边开车边抽烟、打手机、穿拖鞋以及与他人攀谈等而导致注意力不集中的现象严重。无论项目制定了很严格的安全管理制度，并能够严密地去事先猜测筹划,但这种主观预见能力到非安全专业管理人员、操作手有一定的局限性。

The human element is the first safety management, it includes machinery and equipment operators, production organization, command and management personnel. According to statistics, the mechanical accident due to violation of operating procedures and personal casualty accident accounts for more than 80% of the accident. Therefore, the production organization, command, management, operator and staff is critical. First of all, the operator lack of proper safety knowledge, professional quality is not high, less security, professional operation training, pre-job training, don't know much, mode of operation of safety operation rules are not familiar with, work experience is insufficient, the scene of the safety technical disclosure is not complete, the safety is not seriously, the existence of security exception strain ability is poor, the possible dangerous consequences completely ignorance, all can lead to accidents. Second, the organizer and administration of production safety personnel, such as operator take chances peccancy operation. In strict accordance with the safety operating rules, and for the organizers, managers and operators was "bound", so some of the organizers, managers, operators take chances illegal command, illegal operation. Hoisting wire broken wires, the driver is not timely replacement of wire rope, water stable mixing bin on a person to clean up material, next to no one to take care of, the loader brake scene driver lazy maintenance etc are all caused by bad safety the cause of the accident. Again, foreseeing and limitations. Operator lax discipline, responsibility is not strong, the construction site safety disclosure is not careful, could lead to accidents. In construction, machinery operators smoking while driving, cell phone, wear slippers and talk with others and lead to concentration phenomenon serious. Although project has made a very strict safety management system, and to predict in advance planning can carefully, but the subjective vision to the safety management professionals, the operator has some limitations.

　　2、机械设备安全管理中物的因素

2, in the mechanical equipment safety management factors

　　机械设备的技术状况以及安全装置、设施、使用的配件、材料质量等, 也会对机械设备的安全运行造成影响。

Mechanical equipment technology and safety equipment, facilities, use of accessories, material quality and so on, also will affect the safe operation of mechanical equipment.