独立主格结构和with复合结构复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,独立主格结构和 with/without复合结构,1,一独立主格结构,1.概念:,充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因,条件、方式或伴随情况等,。,2.结构:,名词/代词+非谓语（doing&to do&done）,形容词&副词,介词短语,。,形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句,非谓语动词,逻辑主语,Taking your age into consideration,Youd better not go hiking.,Your age taken into consideration,youd better not go hiking.,(逻主you),(逻主your age,),（逻辑主语与整句的主语相同）,2,(,)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done&现在分词doing),当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主,语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也,可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。,1._,they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle）,2._,well go there on foot.,(时间允许的话)(permit)(cross),3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下),_,This problem settled,Time permitting,his hands crossed under his head,.,l,3,(),名词/代词+(being)形容词,_,he had to stay home to look after her.(,他妈妈生病了,),2.He entered the house,(,他的鼻子冻得通红,),_,（,red,）,(),名词代词（,being),副词,He put on his socks,，,_,.,（反的一面在外面）,(out),His mother(being)ill,his nose red with cold,.,wrong side out,4,(),名词代词不定式,1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest _ in a year.(2005湖南),A.follows B.followed,C.to follow D.being followed,.,2._ (最后一个人的到来)，our party started.（arrive）,The last guest to arrive,5,（）,名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语,中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯,不用冠词。,1.Our teacher came into the classroom,_.(手上一本书),2._ the soldier rushed,to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）,book in hand,Flag on shoulder,6,()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练,。,但在“being+过去分词”或“there being过去分词”结构中，being不可省,。,1._,he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over）,2._,we,cant go there.(房间正在被油漆),Breakfast(being)over,The room being painted now,7,二With和without复合结构,with和without复合结构是:with/without名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。,8,（）with/without名词代词现在分词。,用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,I couldnt finish my work with those children _.,A.playing around B.plays around,C.played around D.to play around,()with/without 名词代词+过去分词。,用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。,In the read-room,we found her seated at a desk,with her attention _ on a book.,A.fixing B.fixes,C.fixed D.to fix,9,()with/without名词代词不定式。,用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,A.settled B.settling,C.to settle D.being settled,()with/without名词代词形容词。,She sleeps with the window open.,10,()with/without+名词代词副词。,_ production up by 60%,the,company has had another excellent year.,A.As B.For C.With D.Through,()with/without+名词代词介词短语。,1.He sleeps,with a book in his hand,.,2.A girl,with a necklace around her,neck,got on the bus.,11,三with和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化,（）with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句,中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从,句或并列句。,（）作时间状语,With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow,and some birds fly south.,=Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and,some birds fly south.,=When winter comes on,the trees,turn yellow and some birds fly south.,12,（）作原因状语,With the key lost,she could not enter the room.,=The key lost,she could not enter the room.,=As/Because the key had been lost,she could not enter the room.,13,(3),作条件状语,With time permitting,well visit the Summer Palace.,=Time permitting,well visit the,Summer Palace.,=If time permits,well visit the,Summer Palace.,14,(4),作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes with,the fourth one to come out next month.,=Here are the first three volumes,the fourth one to come out next month.,=Here are the first three volumes and the,fourth one is coming out next month.,15,(),with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词,。,Soon she arrived at a park with,grass green and flowers in blossom.,=Soon she arrived at a park whose,grass was green and whose flowers,were in blossom.,16,1._ ten minutes _ before the last train,left,we arrived at the station.,A.There were;to go B.With;to go,C.I was;left D.It had;left,2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.,A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain,C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars,3._ the lights off,we could not go on with the,work.,A.Until B.As C.With D.Because,巩固练习,17,4.It was a pity that the great writer died,_ his work unfinished.,A.for B.with C.from D.of,5.The weather _ so bad,we had to put off the,football match.,A.was B.is C.were D.being,6._,the runners raced on to the finishing line.,A.Stick in hand B.With a stick in his hand,C.Sticks in hand D.Sticks in hands,7.The boy lay on the ground,his eyes _ and his,hands _.,A.being closed;trembling,B.closed;trembling,C.closed;trembled,D.closing;trembled,18,8._,the work can be done much better.,A.Given more time,B.We had been given more time,C.More time given,D.If more time had given,9.Weather _,the sports meet will be held,as scheduled.,A.permits B.will permit,C.to permit D.permitting,10._ a rainy day,he didnt go out for a walk,as usual.,A.It was B.It is,C.It being D.Having been,Well done!,19,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,20,一、分析句子结构,1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.,A.Having been told B.Told,C.He was told D.Though he told3._to the left,youll find the post office.4.If you _to the left,youll find the post office.5._to the left,and youll find the post office.,A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned,C,A,A,C,C,21,二、分析逻辑主语,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1._no buses,we have to walk home.,A.There being B.It were,C.There were D.It being2._Sunday，I shall have a quiet day at home.,A,D,22,三、分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.,A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See3.The dirty clothes _,the girl hung them up outside.4._ the dirty clothes,the girl hung them up outside.,A.was washed B.washed,C.were washed D.having washed,A,B,C,D,23,四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。,1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built,C,B,D,24,看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合,1.He had a lot of friends,only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A.whomB.themC.which D.who,【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A,25,(2)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ carried out in their work.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that(3)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,none of _ were carried out in their work.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that(4)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting,but none of _ were carried out in their work.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that,B,A,B,26,On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents seated together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that,【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。,27,(1)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_parents were seated together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that2)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,and _ parents were seated together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(3)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sitting together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(4)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents sat together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that(5)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park,_ parents were sitting together joking.A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that,B,A,A,B,B,28,