英语单词同义词、形近词、含义对比浅析(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,同义词对比,1,abandon,desert,forsake,leave,give up,这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意,abandon：强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。,He abandoned the estates when he inherited them,desert diz:t：着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。,desert a friend in trouble,desertdezt沙漠 dessertdiz:t甜点,forsake：侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。,forsake the theatre for politics 脱离舞台生涯去从政,2,leave：普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。,He left business for a new job as a school teacher.,give up：普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。,give up ones throne,All hope of finding the missing plane was given up,3,ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,competence,faculty,gift,aptitude,这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。,ability：普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。,a person of great ability 本领高强的人,capacity：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。,develop the students reasoning capacity 推理能力,capability：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。,He has the capability of solving practical problems,4,genius：语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。,have a genius for mathematics 有数学天才,talent：着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。,sbs talent as a film actor 某人作为电影演员的禀赋,competence：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。,competence for a task 对工作的胜任,faculty：指特殊的才能或智力。,the digestive faculty 消化功能,5,gift：着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。,a gift for writing poetry 诗才,aptitude：多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。,He shows an aptitude for languanes.,表现出学习语言的天才,6,able,capable,competent,这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意,able：最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。有时也指高超、非凡的能力。,select the ablest(most able)man 挑一个最能干的人,capable：语气弱于able，指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事，常与of连用。,It is no secret that they are building a capable war machine.,毋庸讳言，他们正在建立一个强大的战争机器,competent：强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。,be competent for(in)ones work 工作称职,a competent teacher 称职的教师,7,abolish,cancel,repeal,这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意,abolish：正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。,abolish slavery,cancel：用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。,cancel a trip,repeal书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。,repeal tough emergency measures,撤销紧急状态下的强硬措施,8,about,around,round,这些词均有“在周围、在附近”之意。,about：既可表静态，也可表动态。,look about 四下看看,toys lying about on the floor,around：主要用于美国，静态或动态均可。,get around town 在市区各处走走,round：主要用于英国，多半指动态。,dash round 急匆匆地四处转,9,round vi.,耳语，低声说话,round in sbs ear,vt.地声讲，悄悄地对.说,round sth.in sbs ear,round sb.in the ear,whisper 低语 whisper to sb,whisper in(into)sb.s ear,n.传闻 a whisper that the bank has failed(倒闭),whisperer 耳语者；造谣生事者,10,倒闭,close down,go bankrupt,go liquidation,go out of business,11,bankrupt adj.,laws破产法,彻底缺乏的 be bankrupt in manners,n.(在某方面)沦丧到极点的人,a moral bankrupt 道德沦丧的人,a political bankrupt 过气政治家,moralize 说教 business提高商业道德,moralism 格言箴言,moralist 道德家 伦理学家 操行优秀的人,mortal 终有一死的，凡人的,Remember that man is .power 凡人的力量,12,liquidation vt.,liquidate 清偿（债务）,The government tried to stabilize the economy by liquidating the national debt.,政府清偿国债以图稳定经济,杀戮，清洗,He was on the list of people to be liquidated.,他上了要被“清洗”人员的名单,13,absorb,suck,digest,incorporate,这些动词均有“吸收”之意。,absorb：普通用词，词义广泛，既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西，又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。,absorbed 全神贯注的，专注的。,absorbency 吸收能力 water 吸水力,suck：作“吸收”解时，可与absorb换用，但还可有“吮吸”之意。,suck an orange 吸食桔子里的汁水,使卷入，吸引，吞没,be sucked in a war,使耗尽，使枯竭,a body sucked and wasted by disease 病得枯槁消瘦的身子,（美口）显得糟糕，令人不愉快，令人讨厌,xx sucks!,14,sucker 涉世未深的人，易受骗的人，笨蛋，吸血鬼,（美口）棒糖，棒冰,suker bait 诱人上当的圈套,suker punch 意想不到的一击,suker list 记分册，分数表,digest：侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。,digestant 消化剂,digester 摘要者，汇编者，消化器官,digestible 易消化的，可消化的，信息易于理解的,15,incorporate ink:prt：指一物或多物与它物相融合，形成一整体。,The general incorporated a warning into his speech.,将军在讲话中插入警告,=incorporeal 非物质的，非实体的，精神的,incorporated 股份有限的 Inc.,incorporator 合并者，公司创办人,16,合作,cooperate,collaborateklbreit（文艺，科学）合作，协作,He and I collaborated in writing plays,勾结,Frenchmen who collaborated with the Nazis,work together,17,collage k l:拼贴画，大杂烩,a collage of ideas 各种思想的大杂烩,hodgepodge 大杂烩,hotchpotch 大杂烩,college boards（由大学入学考试委员会命题的）大学入学考试,college try（美口）全力,colleger 大学生，学士帽,colleaguek li:g 同事,18,above,on,over,这些前置词均含“在上”之意。,above adv,prep&n：一般指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，其反义词是below。,perp.不屑于,a practical joker not above pretending blind,一个甚至甘愿装瞎子的恶作剧大王,on（prep,adv,adj）：指与另一物表面相接触。（见后）,over：指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗示悬空，但也含“覆盖于之上”之意。其反义词是under。,19,on,prep.,1.请客,Have another coffee on me.,2.服.成瘾,，定期服用 He is on heroin.,adj.,1.正在放映的，安排好的，计划中的,Whats on for tonight?今晚有什么节目？,The match is on for Friday.比赛安排在周五举行。,2.在舞台上的，在演出的,Im on in 5 minutes.我五分钟后上场,（菜肴）菜单上有的，供应的,I always have the curry when it is on.只要有供应，我总是吃咖,喱菜肴。,3.了解，已知情的,the most on person in America 美国最了解情况的人,I saw he was on,and quit talking.我见他已知,情，便不说了。,20,on adj.,(美口)亢奋的，忙个不停的,She is never relaxed,shes always on.,她这人从来没有休息时间，总是忙个不停。,(美俚)醉了的，微醉的,He is a bit on.他有点醉了,21,表达“醉”,一.沉迷，过分爱好,be addicted to,indulge,陶醉 be intoxicated int ksikeit,心醉神迷 be in ecstasies ekstsi over,二.饮酒过量,drunk,intoxicated,tipsy,22,indulge in使（自己）沉溺于,indulge oneself in delights of leisure一味贪图安逸,使高兴，让.享受一下（with）,indulge the company with a song,唱一支歌为伙伴们助兴,纵容，迁就,She indulges her son in whatever he wishes to eat.,溺爱，宠坏 spoil,She spoiled her son by giving him too much money,抱有，怀有,indulge a vain hope 抱有幻想,indulge,23,intoxicatedint ksikeit,intoxicant adj.&n.,醉人的 The drink was warm and intoxicant.,酒类饮料,He has abstained from the use of intoxicants.,abstain 戒绝，有意回避（from），弃权,abstain from wine,abstain from comment 拒绝置评,intoxicate 使喝醉，使欣喜若狂，使欣喜不已,be intoxicated by success,24,ecstasyekstsi,ecstasize ekstsaizv.使狂喜，出神，心醉神迷,ecstasy n.,狂喜 The child was in ecstasy over her new doll.,强烈的感情 in an of delight欣喜若狂,in an of grief 悲痛欲绝,出神，恍惚，入迷,go into ecstasy when meditating,Ecstasy 摇头丸（MDMA）,meditate mediteit沉思，深想（on,upon）,meditate upon revenge 默默地考虑复仇,25,meditate vt.,打算，策划，企求，企图,meditate peace 谋求和平,meditations 沉思录,meditative 爱沉思的，爱冥想的,Jim was quiet and meditative.,26,tipsy,喝醉的，微醉的,a tipsy lurch l:t 醉后的蹒跚脚步,歪斜的，倾侧的,the doors at different,tipsy angles.一扇扇以不同角度东倒西歪的门,lurch 突然倾斜,That party made a wild lurch to the Right.,那个政党突然倒向右派,左右摇晃的动作，蹒跚的步态,He walked with a lurch.他步履蹒跚,倾向，趋向，爱好,show a decided lurch toward a solitary life,表现出爱国孤僻生活的明显倾向,27,solitary,adj.,单独的，独自的 a solitary journey,隐居的，孤独的，喜爱孤独的，寂寞的,a solitary man离群索居者,a solitary existance 隐居生活,荒凉的，冷落的，偏僻的,a solitary valley 人迹罕至的幽谷,n.独居者，隐士，被遗弃的人,solitary confinement 单独监禁，单独紧闭,28,confinement,confine v.,限制，使局限（to）,confine a talk to 10 minutes,Confine your attention to your own affairs.,Mind your own business.,幽禁，使不外出，幽禁,His mother confined him to his room for the weekend for failing to do his chores.,他妈妈周末不让他出房门，因为他没做家务,She was confined to bed with a cold.,她因感冒卧病在床,29,confine,n.confines 边界，界限，范围，介于两者之间的状态,within the confines of the city在城区范围内,between the confines of night and day.在黑夜与白天交替之时,表示边界的几个词,boundary 分界线，边界，界限,the boundary between the two countries,frontier 边境，边界，边疆,a town on the frontier 边境城镇,frontiers (学科的)知识（或成就）前沿;(探索活动)新领域;未完全开拓的领域,the frontiers of medicine 医学研究的新领域,30,frontier adj.,国境的，边境的，边疆的,a froniter dispute 边境争端,探索的，开拓的,frontier research 前沿研究,border 边缘，边沿，界限，边疆,on the border of a lake,redraw the border 重划疆界,（人行道等边缘的）狭长花坛，绿化带,（女服等的）窄边,a lace border 花边，蕾丝边,表示边界的几个词,31,border vt.,形成.边界,The river borders part of the province.,那条河构成该省的部分边界,给.上加边，给.镶边，围,border a bedspread with fringe,给床罩镶饰边,毗连，邻接,At the eage of the city,black and white areas borders each other.在城市的边缘地带，黑人区和白人区相互毗连,vi.接界（on，upon）,China borders on North Korea in the east.,近似，接近（on，upon）,Their respect for him bordered on reverence.他们对他的尊敬已近于崇敬了,His determination to have my company bordered on violence.,他硬要我陪着他，差不多要动武了,32,revereriviv.尊崇，崇敬，敬畏,Old age was revered in ancient China.,reverence n.尊敬，崇敬，敬畏,hold sb.in great reverence 深深敬重某人,The young generation lack reverence.,年轻一代缺乏敬畏之心,威望，屈膝礼，鞠躬，崇敬的表示,make a profound reverence to sb.,像某人深深一鞠躬,bow 鞠躬 bow low深深鞠了一躬,reverend revrnd可尊敬的，值得尊敬的，教士的,A reverend gentleman is here to see you，sir.,33,reverend revrnd（口）教士,教长 the Very Reverend Smith史密斯教长,主教 the Right Reverend,大主教或爱尔兰天主教会主教,the Most Reverend,Reverend Mother,（对女隐修院院长的尊称）女院长大人，院长嬷嬷,34,表示边界的几个词,borderline/border line边界线，边境线(n.),the borderline of life and death,adj.边界的,模棱两可的，不确定的，含糊不清的,The new theory is of borderline valve.,这种新理论不一定有价值,不很正常的，不大合乎标准的，淫秽的,a borderline joke 下流的笑话，黄笑话,35,边界,edge n.边，棱，边线，边缘,刀口，刃，锋利，锐利，尖锐,The knife has no edge.,那刀不锋利,The remark has a biting edge to it.,评语很尖刻,优势，优越之处,maintain a nuclear edge 保持核优势,win by a narrow edge 险胜,lose the edge 失去优势,（美口）微醉的,A:How do you feel?B:Good.Ive just got a good edge on.,36,periphery prifrin.,外围，边缘，边缘地区,the periphery of the Presidents circle,总统圈子的外围人员,the periphery of a metropolismitr plis,大都市边缘地区,圆周，周边,the periphery of a tyre轮胎的周围,次要部分，无关紧要的部分,the periphery of education 教育辅助工作,边界,37,absurd,ridiculous,absurd bs:d,这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意,absurd：普通用词，强调指违背常理的荒谬。,an absurb proposition 荒谬的命题,ridiculous：强调荒谬到令人发笑的地步,Dont be ridiculous!别丢人现眼啦！,preposterousprip strs反常的，乖戾的，愚蠢的,Thats proposterous!太不像话了！,38,滑稽,funny,a funny story,amusing,an amusing speaker 言谈风趣的演讲人,an amusing joke,comical,k mikl,a comical performance 滑稽表演,comic,喜剧的，喜剧般的,a comic actor 喜剧演员 a comic plot 喜剧情节,滑稽的,a comic song 滑稽歌曲,连环画的 a comic magazine 连环画杂志,n.喜剧演员，滑稽的人，连环漫画，低级小报（八卦杂志）,39,abundant,plentiful,ample,这些形容词均有“充分的、丰富的”之意。,abundant：着重某物极为丰富有或大量的供应。,abundant rainfall 充沛的雨量,丰富的，富裕的（in）,an abundant land 富饶的土地,abundant energies 旺盛的精力,plentiful：普通用词，指某物的数量多得称心如意，不过剩，但较少用于描写抽象之物。,a plentiful supply of food 丰富的食物供应,ample：指某物不仅满足了需要而且有余。大量的，丰富的,The citys many cultural and sports facilities offer ample recreation.这座城市的许多文体设施提供了充分的娱乐活动,40,an ample biography 材料详实的传记,足够的=enough,There is ample room for the children on the back seat.后座的空间足可容纳孩子们,宽敞的，面积大的,an ample table 一张大桌,an ample lawn 大草坪,amplify vt.,放大（声音等）增强,amplify a radio signal 放大无线电信号single 单身的,扩大扩展，进一步阐发,amplify a story with drawings,以图画补充说明一则故事,ample,41,amplify,夸大，夸张,Dont amplify the difficulties of the task.,不要夸大这个任务的困难,vi.,引申，发挥，详述,amplify on ones remarks,进一步阐发自己的话,amplitude n.扩大，广阔，充足，丰富,His poems,striking in their ,began to appear in the newspaper.他的诗开始在报纸上发表，数量惊人,42,amply adv.,充裕地，绰绰有余地，足够地,be amply rewarded 得到充分报偿,Facts amply prove that.事实足以证明.,Her conversation made it amply clear that.,她的言语毫不含糊地显示.,ampster(澳俚)托儿,43,1、a-加在单词或词根前面，表示不，无，非,acentric 无中心的（a+centric中心的）,asocial 不好社交的（a+social好社交的）,amoral eim rl非道德性的，不属于道德范畴的（a+moral道德的；注意：immoral不道德的）,The movie is amoral,not immoral.,影片不涉及道德判断，而非内容不道德,apolitical.不关心政治的，厌恶政治的（a+political政治的）,构词法,44,an apolitical attitude 不问政治的态度,加在单词前，表示在，的,asleep 睡着的（a+sleep睡觉）,aside 在边上（a+side旁边）,ahead 在前地（a+head头）,alive 活的（a+live活）,awash 泛滥的（a+wash冲洗）,45,asleep,adj.长眠的，已死的,（四肢）麻木的 My arm is asleep.,久坐未动手脚像针扎一样麻木的感觉,pins and needles,静止的，不活跃的,The sea is asleep.海上风平浪静,My mind is asleep.我的头脑昏昏沉沉,adv.进入睡眠状态 drop asleep 入睡,进入静止（或不活跃）状态,Their anxieties were put asleep.,他们焦急的情绪平息了,46,aside,adv.旁边,一边 We stood aside to let her pass.,离开 We turned aside from the main road.,我们折下大路,撇开，除去,Joking aside,we really must do sth.,玩笑归玩笑，我们真该想点办法,n.小声说的话,“This is between ourselves,”he added in an aside to Tom.这是咱俩私下说的他低声对汤姆补上一句,离题的话，插入语,Dashes suggest an impromptu impr mptju:aside rather than a planned inculsion.,破折号表示即兴的插入语而不是原先打算说的话,A-side （唱片的）A面,47,ahead,adv&adj（一般用作表语）,在前面，在前头,Danger ahead!前方危险！,向前，朝前,forge(稳步前进)ahead 奋力前进,在将来 in the years ahead,为将来 plan ahead 未雨绸缪,预先；较早 make payments ahead 预付,领先，占优势,He was comfortably ahead of his class in mathematics.,赢，有盈余,You cant quit while youre ahead.你是赢家，现在不能走,They came out a few thousand dollars ahead.他们结果赚了几千元,48,alive,adj.活着的，在世的,be buried alive 被活埋,(继续)存在的，在起作用的,keep hope alive 保持希望不灭,有活力的，活跃的，热闹的,Because of friends I met along the way,my journey was kept alive.我在旅途遇到了朋友，所以一路都很热闹,充满（生物或活着的东西）的（with）,a garden alive with bees 蜜蜂纷飞的园子,a river alive with boats 船只来往繁忙的江河,The town was alive with rumours.镇上谣言四起,注意到的，意识到的，敏感的（to）,be alive to the danger 意识到危险,有电的，通电的 The wire is alive 这条电线是带电的,The microphone is alive.话筒已接通电源,49,awash,adj.(一般做表语),漂浮的,The rising water set everything awash.,上涨的水使每样东西都漂浮起来,充沛的，充斥的，泛滥的,The regin is awash in oil.这个地区原油贮量充沛。,醉的,He was already a trifle(少量少许)awash.,他已有几分醉意,trifle traifl,n.小事 waste time on trifles 为琐事浪费时间,vi.开玩笑，嘲弄，轻视小看,I did but trifle.我不过开开玩笑罢了,He is not someone to be trifled with.对他这人不可轻视小看,翻弄，玩弄，戏弄（with）,trifle with sbs feelings玩弄某人的感情,50,2、ab-,abs-加在词根前，表示相反，变坏，离去等,abnormal 反常的（ab+normal正常的）,abnormal behavior 反常行为,abuse 滥用（ab+use用用坏滥用）,abuse ones authority(office)滥用权威(职权),虐待 provide help for the abused children,辱骂，毁谤 They abused each other.,n.滥用，虐待，陋习，辱骂,51,abuse,alcohol abuse 酗酒,remedy an abuse 矫正弊端,shower sb.with abuse 破口大骂某人,abuser 滥用者，虐待者，酗酒者，嗜毒者,abusive adj.腐败的，舞弊的,abusive financial practices,财务舞弊,52,2、ab-,abs-加在词根前，表示相反，变坏，离去等,absent 缺席的（ab+sent出现没有出现缺席的）,pre,sent,出席的,abduct bd kt诱拐（ab+duct引导引走诱拐）,duct 导管，沟槽，管道,abduct a boy for ransom rnsm,诱拐男孩以勒索赎金,abstract 抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉被拉开心不在焉）,tract,ile trktail可延长的，易拉长的,53,abstain 戒绝（abs+tain拿住不再拿住戒绝）,re,tain,保留，保持，留住（re回，retain拿回来保留）,abscond bsk nd潜逃（abs+cond藏藏起来潜逃）,The cashier absconded with the money,出纳携款逃匿,re,cond,ite rekndait深奥的（re一再+cond+ite意义一再被藏起来深奥的）,54,absent,absent 缺乏的，不存在的,In certain fishes the ribs are entirely absent.,在某几类鱼身上，完全没有肋骨,心不在焉的，出神的,an absent look on sbs face,absentee 缺席者,rib n.,(人的)肋骨,He broke a rib when he fell off his bicycle.,(食)排骨，肋条 ribs 小排骨,肋骨状物,the ribs of an umbrella 雨伞的伞骨,（叶的）主脉，（昆虫的）翅膀，（鸟的）羽干，（矿石，岩石的）脉纹,the ribs of a leaf 叶的主脉,55,rib,（布或针织物）凸起条纹，罗纹，罗纹花样,socks made in rib 织有罗纹花样的短袜,（抢管上的）瞄准凸筋，准星；（图书装帧中的）书脊凸带,（谑）妻子，女人（Adam Eve）,n.笑话，戏弄，嘲笑,v.戏弄，嘲笑,Hes the best-natured guy,so they often rib him plenty.他是个脾气极好的人，所以他们常对他大加戏弄,They ribbed him for(about)keeping a pet pig.,他们嘲笑他养了一口猪当宠物。,56,retain,vt.保留，保持,retain the right to reply 保留答复的权利,拦住，挡住,The dyke daikwas built to retain the flood waters.那条堤坝是为拦洪修建的,保留，留住 This vessel wont water.这个容器盛不住水,能记住 Her memory retains everything she reads.她过目不忘,付定金聘定，保留 sb as ones legal counsel.聘定某人为法律顾问,vi.记事 These pupils are not the brightest,and they dont retain very well.这些学生并非聪明绝顶，记忆力也不好,remain 留下，剩余，保持不变，(最后)取决于，属于（with）,The decision remains with the Government.,决定权在政府,57,vessal,n.船，舰 an oceangoing 远洋轮,a fishing 渔船 a in distress 遇险船,(盛液体的)容器，器皿(杯，瓶，壶，桶),a wooden 木制容器 a drinking 饮具,血管，脉管,（植物的）导管,(宗教)被视为某种精神或品质的接纳的人,Gods chosen vessal 上帝的选民,a vessel of ingratitude 忘恩负义的人,58,recondite rekndait,(知识等)玄妙的，深奥的,a area of learning 一个深奥的学术领域,鲜为人知的，无名的,隐藏的，神秘的,the motives of human action,隐秘的人类行为动机,recondition rikndi n vt.,修理，修复，修补翻新,He managed to the radio so it worked like new.,他设法把收音机修好，所以它像新的一样好用了。,a reconditioned used car,经过翻新的旧汽车,59,ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示一再等加强意,accompany陪伴（ac+company伙伴陪伴),accumulate积累（ac+cumul堆积+ate堆积起来积累）,addict上瘾，入迷（ad+dict说一再说起对入迷）,dict,atev口授；命令；听写（dict+ate说话口授，命令）diction(听写),60,accompany,陪伴陪同,伴随，和.一起发生,Thunder accompanies lightning.雷声伴着电闪,补充（with）,an accompanying diagramdaigrm,所附图表,为.伴奏，伴唱,She accompanied the chorusk :rs on the piano.,她为合唱做钢琴伴奏,accompanyist=accompanist(尤指钢琴)伴奏者，伴唱者,accompaniment 伴唱，伴奏,61,dictate,vt&vi口述，口授，使听写,dictate a letter to a secretary,向秘书口授信稿,The teacher dictated a short poem to the class.,发号施令地规定，专横地强加（规则，条款），命令,dictate terms of surrender 强制规定投降条件,Conscience s truthfulness.良心使人吐真