车载无线传感器网络监测系统设计(外文原文+中文翻译).docx

Wireless sensor network monitoring system designKang yi-mei,Zhao lei,Hu jiang,Yang en-bo(Study on Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Summary : A car wireless sensor network monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standardsWith universawireles田ensornetworks,expansionof the scope of monitoringand monitoringfunctionsfor in-carsystem, car data acquisitionnd conditionmonitoringof equipment status and the necessary equipment control, topology control, topology query functions Keywords : wireless sensor networks; monitoring systemIntroductionIn order to satisfy the people to car safety, handling and comf ort requirement vehicle integrated mbrle and more electronic system . At pcareelectronic equipment iswidely used 16 or 32-bitmicroprocessocontrolCreatingin-vehicle monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standard f or wireless sensor networks, designed to achieve a more optimized wirelesssensor networks, the progressiverealizatioonf the network of automotive systems, intelligenatnd controllable to provide high-Car System security.System designIn this paper, the existing vehicle system, the data transmission mode is extend to the wireless transmission mode, the realization of a star network data acquisit system. And can place each data acquisition node of the acquired data is transmitt to the gateway, the gateway through the serial port to upload data to the host com in the host data real-time waveform display, and method of database to preserve, f the follow-updata processingThe applicatioonf system objectiscomposed of a temperaturesensor,pressuresensor,speed sensor,speed sensor,a currentsensor, pressure sensor, sensor subsystem. The purpose of this design is to use a monitorii host machine end to the detection of multiple target environment, taking into accoui the access data throughputand softwaresystem complexity,using time-division multiplexing way, one by one on the net terminal collecting point of control and da acquisition.As shown inFigure1, the system isdividedinto3 partsVehicleMonitoring Center, gateway and mobile sensor node. Gateway is the whole vehicle system core, and allvehicularsensornode communication. Vehicle monitoringcenterto the gateway sends a control command by the gateway, the control command is converted to an RF signal and sent to the vehicle sensor node. When the vehicle sensor nodes transmit data, gateway into the data reception state, and upload data to the monitor center for furtherprocessing.In addition,car between sensor nodes cannot communicate with each other. The monitoring center of the monitoring software and gateway in RS232standard interface for communication.Vehicle sensor node life cycle is active and dormant periods. Nodes in the activ phase of the completion of data acquisition, data sent to the gateway, receiving a executin图ateway command; in thedormant periodoff thewirelesRF module in order to save energy, unt il the next active period. System through this mechanism o dormancy to reduceenergy consumption,extendthe time span of the system as a whole.The system used PC as the control center, PC machine monitoring sof tware in VB development environment,is a dialogbased applicationoftware.In order to improve the communication module of the intelligent level, in the design, its functi is not limited to the real-time data display, all of the data collection by the moni sof tware by sending a request signal to the trigger. Considering the original data subsequentprocessingind in-depthanalysiof the vehiclesystem, can accurately judge, software has also added data preservation of the document and data file displ function.Generallyspeaking,the whole network are controlledy the hostmonitoring software,theworking processof everynode of the network is the need of human participation.2 hardware system design2.1application chip introductionMC13192with IEEE802.15.4 standard, the operating frequency- i 22.4805 GHz, data transmissiouateof 250kbps, using 0-QPSK debugging mode. This feature-ri two-way 2.4GHz transceiverith a datamodem which can be in the ZigBee technology application. It also has an optimized digital core, helps to redi the MCU processing power, shorten the cycle of execution.The main controlMCU choose HCS08series of low power, high performance microprocessorMC9S08GB60. The processor has a 60Applicationof KB programmable Flash、 4 KB RAM,10 ADC,8 channel2 asynchronous serial communication interface ( SCI ), 1 synchronbuimterface ( SPI ) lafidbus module, can fullymeet the requirementof vehiclegateway and node processor requirements.2.2 MCl3192and MC9S08GB60hardware connectionMC13192and MC9S08GB60 hardware connection diagram as shown in figure 2.The MC13192control and data transmissioon 4 wire serialperiphera interface(SPI ) is completed, the4interface signals were MOS-I, MISO, SPICLK. The main controlMCU through the controlsignalexitingsleep mode or hibernationmode, through to reset the transceiver, through the RXTXEN to control the data sending and receivingo,r forcethe transceiveirntoidlemode. The sensoroutputanalog signal through MCU8 Channel10 bit ADC conversioninput to MCU. MCU via SPIMC13192to read and write operation, and the sensor to collect the signal processed MC13192launch out. The MC13192 interrupt IRQ interrupt register through the pins and to judge the type of interrupt. MC908GB60 pin to control the MC13192 into a different mode of operation .Control of the sensor signal from the MC13192receiving antenna in, transmittedvia SPI to MCU, afterMCUjudgment afterprocessing through the GPIO port is transmitted to the sensor, complete control of the sensor. the same time, MCU MC13192transceiver control and the MAC layer operation.The 3system software design3.1of overall software designThe softwaredesign is the design of the core, the key liesin the overall framework of software and data structure design. An important factor to consider is efficiency, another is to design the clarity.System software consists of the gateway node and the sensor node is composed of two parts, the two parts are needed to complete the SMAC protocol transplantation and according to the different needs for the upper communication applications with API interface function. Because the SMAC protocol stack programming model using hierarchicadlesign,only the underlyingPHY and MAC program leveland related hardware,and network layerand applicatiolnayerproceduresis not affectedby hardware effects. SMAC in different hardware platform transplantation only need to modify the PHY and MAClayer,each layercan shieldthe hardware differencesdirectly run.As shown in Figure 3, the design of the softwarefor system platformlayer, protocol layer and application layer 3layer. At the same time, defines 3API interfa system layerinterfacep,rotocollayerand applicatiolnayerinterfaceS.ystem level interfacdeefinesa hardware registemrapping, so C languageto be able to directly access the hardware registers to control hardware. System platform based on real-tim operating systepC/IIprotocol layer,pitavide systemervices Hardware driving module provides the hardware driver, all of the hardware control through the module to provide services. Platform layer protocol layer interface protocol layer to pro services. Protocol layer is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and l ink lay based on the ZigBee network layer protocol. Application layer through the applicatio layer interfaceto invoke servicesprovided by the protocol layer, network management and data transfetrasks.Applicationof configuratiomnodule can call protocol layer ptrovide network servicweisl,l diretchte system configuration and query, itismainly throughtheAT commands to achieve,so the module callsthe application layer interface and protocol layer interface to provide services.3.2sensor node software designBased on the long-term use of the functional requirements, sensor nodes in the softwaredesignisthe key to achievethe requirefunctionsand can minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes.Itwas f ound,ZigBee module and the energynsumption i s much larger than thecentraprocessonnd the energyconsumptionof sensormodule. Therefore,the sensor node design of application sof tware to try to make each module in a dormant stateand minimizingwakes ZigBee module number. Therefore,the sensornodes, power of each functional module initialization is completed, and joined the network enter the Sleep state, the central processor cycles to be timed wake-up to send dat the gateway, and receives the gateway command. Sensor nodes of tharworkflow shown in Figure 4.The 3.3 gateway node software designGateway downward management sensornode, tocompleteand PC monitoring centerof interactionhe need fora complicatedtask management and scheduling, therefore, based on the uC / OS kernel of embedded operating system to manage the gateway, the application task efficiently provide good software support. According gateway functiondemand, the 1C / OS -II,SMAC protocolorganicunion, form a network operatingenvironment, the user can convenientlyon the basisof its development and applicatioiBased on juC / OS -Ilextended gateway software platform structure is shown in figure 5.出CsedOSiI operating system, were used to build the system task SYS_task ( ), START_task ( SMAC star network task ), gateway and a sensornode interactioskCOMM_task( ),PC monitoringcenterportmonitoringmission ( SER_task ) applicationsuch as a seriesof tasks,thus realizing the gateway software application function.The 3.4 host monitoring software designThis system is the ultimategoal of the collected/ehiclesensor data is transmitted in real-t ime to the host, and the host of display and preservation. Dis is designed to get on-board sensor node monitoringenvironment of the initial situatioipreservatiohs designedas an in-depthanalysiof the data samples. In addition, the system as a whole the main prosecution and the data acquisition reque initiatoreed to be able to send the data requestsignalin accordancewith the requirementsof. According to the above requirementsVB environment in the development of a dialog based application. This application includes a 4 module: data waveform display module. The role of the module is a form of waveform data of the node to be displayed in real-time, it is the use of MS Chart and Timer contr topologydisplaymodule. When the user wants to know the wirelesssensor network topologyconstructiosiituatioyou can view the topologicalnformation, understanding of network nodes join and loss.The historical data display module. In vehicle network system to a certain peric of the past,may need a certaiiperiod of time the originadata for subsequent processingind in-depthmalysisso thatthevehiclesystemof accuratjudgement. With the aid of historical data display module, the control center from the gateway the data obtained, according to the different attributes of the nodes, address and are saved to thedatabaseof the correspondinfieldand may be willdisplayedby wavef orm of historical data, f or the user analysis.The controlling modulfen vehicle during syopemation majbe concerned about a vehiclesensorvalue node, or to a sensorthreshol(settings?,ormonitoring environmental exceptions can be promptly reported to the system. These are available throughthecontrolnodule of the system arecorrespondinto the set,the control module can also be on the system in which one does not need to delete the node. In short, through the host monitoring software users can visually and many aspects ( general wireless sensor network systems to understand and use.4 test and verification4.1 testingTesting equipment:4 MCl3192ZigBee chip node,1as a gateway node, the remaining 3as sensor nodes.Test method: the gateway node power,4 LED and light, scanning channel if the search to the idle channel, the LED goes out and join the free channel for. The sen node power,4 LED scanningin the channelat the same time,pollinglight.LED1 flashes once when the sensor nodes receive the allocation address of the gateway nod So far, networking process and address binding process is complete.4.2 Zigbee RF communication testTesting equipment: ZigBee node 4, a computer terminal stationTest method: accordingto the ZigBee transmissionrame format, the actual transmission total bytes for ( n 6), namely ( n 6) bytes for a data packet. Accordii the set parameters of the software, such as packet loss is the loss number plus 1. I received data packet, receives the data packet number plus 1, and then sends the da were compared with data,ifthedataiscorrect,henumber of packetsplus1, and error packets number plus 1. The last statistic results, can know the data packet and packet error rate. The 4 node to form a ZigBee network,1 of them as the gateway, the remaining 3 nodes for sensor node. Write a program to set: 3nodes and gateway communicationspomputer terminaland the gateway is connectedthrough RS232, terminal equipment sof tware refomdis the 3node to receive data, nodes work at 2. 4GHz frequencietransmissioof a byte of data,circulasend 1 times.To obtain the final3 node test average as a result of the data analysis. Star network f requency communication BER test results as shown in table 1.Experimental analysis of: in a star network f or data transmission, the test res significantly worse on a single point to single point transmission mode. This is mai because, in the transmissioiprocess node must existbetween the frequency interference and other interference.4.3power testSystem statusand hibernationrespectivelysing a multimeterto testthe gateway node and the poweconsumption of sensor nodes, theetests listed in Table 2.ConclusionThis paper analyzes the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol, combined wi th the generaldevelopment principleosf communication systems and embedded systems, IEEE802.15.4 protocolon the juC / OS -IIoperatingystem, selectthe appropriate hardwareand sof tware platfofmcusing on sof tware support f or the platform, the softwaredesignof the overallstructuroef the communication protocolstack,andult imately to achieve a compliant wi th the ZigBee specification car star wireless d acquisition network. The system has the following advantages: system easy to install. Wireless interconnection makes the equipment installatio location is flexible to meet the requirements of the automation system is installed. simply thatthepower can takeequipment.The network system can automaticallycomplete the network configuration. scalabilitEquipment withinthecoverage of the vehiclegateway, turn on the device, the node wi 11 automatically join th mettworlk. self-healing ability.If the network i s a device fails, the vehicle gateway can automatically monitor, i s the command the device reset and re-network.车载无线传感器网络监测系统设计康一梅，赵磊，胡江，杨恩博（就读于北京航天航空大学）摘要：基于IEEE 802.15. 4和ZigBee标准实现了一个车载无线传感器网络监测系统。 借助通用无线传感器网络，为车载系统扩展了监控范围和监