英语四六级CET写作.pptx

,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,二、考试要求,大学英语考试大纲中明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。,三、,评分标准,采用整体评分的方法（,global scoring）：ideas;organization;language.,阅卷标准分5等：2、5、8、11和14分。,5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的语言错误。,8分：基本切题。思想表达比较清楚，文章尚连贯。但语言错误较多，其中一些是严重错误。,11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯。有少量的语言错误。,14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误。仅有个别小错误。,词数不符合要求扣分。,题目：,Bicycles,An Important Means of,Transport,in China.,提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及,（2）和汽车的比较 （3）自行车在中国的前途,Score:14,Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour,you can see that,thousands of,people-man and woman,old and young-,ride,their bicycles to work and study.,That is why(+,句子）,China is called the kingdom of bicycles.,Compared with cars,bicycles are superior in many ways.First,they are cheap,convenient and easy to ride.Second,riding bicycle is good for health.Third,they bring no noise,nor,air,pollution,.Though cars are faster and more comfortable,they are too expensive.They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes,it is difficult for a driver to park his car,.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.,In my opinion,the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country and has a large population,I think,riding bicycle,is appropriate to,Chinese present condition,s,.It will be an important means of transportation for,quite a long time,.,Score:11,There millions of bicycles in todays China.Bicycles are very important means of transport in peoples daily lives.Because to ride a bicycle is very simple,to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money,to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength,biycles are popular all over the world,especially in China.,Compared with a car,a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the countary,a bicycle is too slow,it costs more times than a car.,I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run.Becuse it will be replaced by a car,a bus and so on in some developed areas in China,and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China,the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved.,Score:8,Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle,and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle,and use it to go to work,or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.,The bicycle,compared to the car,is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesnt ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China,because of the lack of land.It isnt too expensive,so Chinese can afford it.It doesnt need any oil,and it cant cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.,In the future,bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.,Score:5,Perhaps the amount of bicycle in China is the largest in the world.Why was it so widely used in China?I thought the answer was:the population in China is too large and the price of bicycle is much cheaper.The third answer is that the bicycle is easier in using than other transportations.,Comparing with the car,the bicycle is cheaper and it is easier in using than the car,but its speed is lower than that of the car.,The bicycle will be remained for a long time in China but in the end it will be disappeared with the improval of peoples living level.,Score:2,As every body know,China a big developing country.So,the living standard of people not very high at present peoples income is not enough for they to buy cars motorcycles.And bike is easy to ride.Bicycle is cheaper be made.And I think bicycle the useful tool of transport in China now.So,it is quite porpular and wildly used in Chinas cities and country sides than the personal transportation tool.,Bike is a kind of clean tools of transport.It not use gas and other energers.For this reason is not creat polution.But in fact in any way Bicycle is not advanced than car.If it is raining,the rider will suffer from wet,on the other hand,bike can not carry much goods.,According to the our countrys developing rate,I firmly believe that Bicycle will replaced by car or motorcycle in that nearly future.But undoubtfully it continue the important means of transport in China for a long time.,具体要求：,1）,语言第一位：表达通顺、无重大语言错误,（1）,基础一般：简单原则、安全第一,（2）,基础较好：句子结构词多变,2）,结构第二位：,（1）,逻辑性：,A.,并列：,and/or/but,B.,因果：,because/in that,since/as,for,C.,转折：,but/however,（2）,关联词：,3）,内容第三位：,时间要求：30分钟,1）,审题（3分钟）：,2）,写作（25分钟）：,3）,检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点,字数要求：120150词,写作主题：,命题方式：段首句、提纲、命题、关键词、情景、图表作文,四六级作文基本句式,以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的,1,2,个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。,1,表示原因,1,）,There are three reasons for this,2,）,The reasons for this are as follows,3,）,The reason for this is obvious,4,）,The reason for this is not far to seek,5,）,The reason for this is that,6,）,We have good reason to believe that,练习：,我们的生活发生了很大的变化,原因有-个。,1）人们的生活水平有了很大的改善；,2）许多人收入不错，买得起需要或喜欢的东西；,3）越来越多的人愿意享受现代生活；,Reference:,There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life,Firstly,，,peoples living standard has been greatly improved,Secondly,，,most people are well paid,，,and they can afford what they need or like,Last but not least,，,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life,注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：,Great changes have taken place in our life,There are three reasons for this,这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。,2,表示好处,1,）,It has the following advantages,2,）,It does us a lot of good,3,）,It benefits us quite a lot,4,）,It is beneficial to us,5,）,It is of great benefit to us,练习：书就象朋友。书可以帮助我们更好地了解这个世界，可以开启智慧、拓宽视野。因此博览群书对我们非常有益。,Reference:,Books are like friends,They can help us know the world better,，,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons,Therefore,，,reading extensively is of great benefit to us,3,表示坏处,1,）,It has more disadvantages than advantages,2,）,It does us much harm,3,）,It is harmfulto us,练习：然而，任何事物都有两面。电视对我们也有坏处：如果看电视时间太长，它会有损我们的健康，使我们变懒。,Reference:,However,，,everything divides into two,Television can also be harmful to us,It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching TV,。,4,表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能,1,）,It is important,（,necessary,，,difficult,，,convenient,，,possible,）,for sb,to do sth,2,）,We think it necessary to do sth,3,）,It plays an important role in our life,例如：,Computers are now being used everywhere,，,whether in the government,，,in schools or in business,Soon,，,computers will be found in every home,，,too,We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age,5,表示措施,1,）,We should take some effective measures,2,）,We should try our best to overcome,（,conquer,）,the difficulties,3,）,We should do our utmost in doing sth,4,）,We should solve the problems that we are confronted,（,faced,）,with,练习：我们面临的住房问题越来越严重，因此得采取有效措施来解决这个问题。,Reference:,The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious,Therefore,，,we must take some effective measures to solve it,6,表示变化,1,）,Some changes have taken place in the past five years,2,）,A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications,3,）,The computer has brought about many changes in education,例如：,Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years,The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek,Nowadays,，,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,，,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins,7,表示事实、现状,1,）,We cannot ignore the fact that,2,）,No one can deny the fact that,3,）,There is no denying the fact that,4,）,This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in,5,）,However,，,thats not the case,练习：我们不能忽略这样一个事实：工业化也随之带来了污染问题。要解决这些问题，我们可以从教育公众污染的危害着手。政府方面也应制定更严格的法律来促进一个更清洁的环境的出现。,Reference:,We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution,To solve these problems,，,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution,The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment,8,表示比较,1,）,Compared with A,，,B,2,）,I prefer to read rather than watch TV,3,）,There is a striking contrast between them,练习：试将自行车与汽车比较以下，看看自行车（汽车）有哪些优势。,Compared with cars,，,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable,Firstly,，,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum,Secondly,，,they do not cause the pollution problem,Last but not least,，,they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise,9,表示数量,1,）,It has increased,（,decreased,）,from,to,2,）,The population in this city has now increased,（,decreased,）,to 800,，,000,3,）,The output of July in this factory increased by 15,compared with that of January,练习：随着生活水平的提高，人们收入中用于饮食的比重减少了，用于教育的比重增加了。,Reference:,With the improvement of the living standard,，,the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased,再如：,From the graph listed above,，,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000,注：,“,From the graph listed above,，,it can be seen that”,句式是写图表作文的很好的句型。,10,表示看法,1,）,People have,（,take,，,adopt,，,assume,）,different attitudes towards sth,2,）,People have different opinions on this problem,3,）,People take different views of,（,on,）,the question,4,）,Some people believe that,Others argue that,练习：不同的人对失败持不同的态度：一些人认为失败会带来成功，在重新努力之下，他们经历的每一次失败都会变成更大的成功的机会；然而，另一些人则轻易被失败所击跨而将自己归于失败者之列。,Reference:,People have different attitudes towards failure,Some believe that failure leads to success,Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor,However,，,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers,再如：,Do,“,lucky numbers,really bring good luck,？,Different people have different views on it,注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。,11,表示结论,1,）,In short,，,it can be said that,2,）,It may be briefly summed up as follows,3,）,From what has been mentioned above,，,we can come to the conclusion that,练习：由以上论述可得出结论：考试是有必要的，但方式有待改善。,From what has been mentioned above,，,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,，,however,，,its method should be improved,注：例句,1,可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句,3,则多用文章结论段的第一句。,12,套语,1,）,Its well known to us that,2,）,As is known to us,，,3,）,This is a topic that is being widely talked about,4,）,From the graph,（,table,，,chart,）,listed above,，,it can be seen that,5,）,As aproverb says,，,“Where there is a will,，,there is a way,例如：,As is well known to us,，,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus,The reason for this is obvious,Nowadays,，,the society is changing and developing rapidly,，,and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower,As college students,，,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus,Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate,再如：,Does it pay to be honest,？,This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it,四级作文常用句型总结,一）比较,1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.,2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.,3.A may be preferable to B,but A suffers from the disadvantages that.,4.It is reasonable to maintain that.but it would be foolish to claim that.,5.For all the disadvantages,it has its compensating advantages.,6.Like anything else,it has its faults.,7.A and B has several points in common.,8.A bears some resemblances to B.,9.However,the same is not applicable to B.,10.A and B differ in several ways.,11.Evidently,it has both negative and positive effects.,12.People used to think.,but things are different now.,13.The same is true of B.,14.Wondering as A is,it has its drawbacks.,15.It is true that A.,but the chief faults(obvious defects)are.,二,),原因,1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.,A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).,2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.,3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.,4.The factors that contribute to this situation include.,5.The change in.largely results from the fact that.,6.We may blame.,but the real causes are.,7.Part of the explanations for it is that.,One of the most common factors(causes)is that.,Another contributing factor(cause)is.,Perhaps the primary factor is that,But the fundamental cause is that.,三,),后果,1.It may give rise to a host of problems.,2.The immediate result it produces is.,3.It will exercise a profound influence upon.,4.Its consequence can be so great that.,