主谓一致详解.docx

1、形式一致
主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式
主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式
2、语意一致
谓语动词用单数的清况
1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt
Fifty minutes i'nt enough to finish thisste
Ten miles seems like a long walk to .me
2以-s”吉尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数
以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。
这类单词有：economics经济学electronic电子学
physics物理学politic政治学
mathematics 数学 statistic^ 计学
Rootswas a novel about a slave family
His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend
Politics is his favorite subject
Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in
divorce Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn
3）有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如： machinery （机械），clothing（衣
服）,luggage 行李），furniture家具）,equipment （设备）,jewelry（珠宝）等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air
The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain
4）不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数：
Playing with fire is dangerous
注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式
Early to rise and early to bed is a good habi
When and where the building will be built hasn'. t been decided
主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定
What she said is correcWhat he gave me are five English books
谓语动词用复数的情况
1 ）由and或both...and.连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓 语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。如：
Fire and water do not agree
注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个 名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。The teacher and writer is her friend
2 ）有些集合名词.如：cattle folk people, police poultry］家禽）等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。
The people hope to live a happy .life
The police have caught the crimina
Cattle feed on grass
3 )表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers shoes,
glasses compasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
His black trousers are too l他的黑裤子太长。
Your glasses are on your nose
4)表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以-s ”吉尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往
用复数。
The Philippines are in the Pacific .Ocea
Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America
5 )名词 clothes works (作 著作”讲),goods , contents, the Olympic Games
的谓语动词律律用复数。如：
Clothes keep people warm.
His works have been translated into several foreign language
注意：若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothesclothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。
若表示一部作品”用a work,两部作品”用two works。
谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的
1)由 “ some o,f plenty ,ofa lot pflots of most of, the rest ofall ofhalfof, part of theremainderof或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
The rest of the lecture is dull
Half of the apple is rotted 苹果的一半腐烂变质了。
Half of the apples are rot这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。
About one third of the books are worth rea大约三分之一的书值得一读。
Over 30% of the students were absent from the meeting
2) 由 “ a kind o f this kind, ofany kinds of和“”名词 +of this kidf, ”以及 由与kind意义相似的type, sort, form , part piece, section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如：
A kind of birds has been discovered by them
Parts of the book are very instructive
This kind of apples is expensive.
Apples of this kind are expensive.
3) “ more复数名词+than one结构谓语常用复数。
More members than one have protested against the plan
4) 不定代词 “each one, no one, some(any, no, every) +body (one或 thing)在句中作主语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式
Each boy gets a prize
Someone wants to buy the house
Each of the books costs five Yuan.
注意：each, all both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致
We each have an English-Chinese dictionary
由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every, each, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a ・b&
Every hour and (every) minute is important
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very muchmany a.../ more than one名词作主语时，谓语动词仍采取单数形式
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose
one and a half复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式
One and a half bananas is left on the .table
3、就近原则
or, either.・.or・.neither...noi；.. notonly...but（also等连接的并列成分作 主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单 数；离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如：
Either the teacher or the students are to .blame
Not only the students but also their teacher doesht know. about it
Neither you nor I know how to do it
4、主谓一致的特殊情况
1）population表示“人”，一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。
当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million
About eighty percent of the population of this country are .peasants
2）集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience，class, club, committee，company，crowd， family group， government， organization party team 等。
Our football team is playing well.
Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3 ） a number of/a variety /Varieties of+数名词复数；“ the majority 复 数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the number of（表数目）和the variety o俵种类）等+可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new houses have been built there
There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop
The number of the people who know the is very limited
The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising
4 ） “a large amount o不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数
“large amounts o不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数
“a large quantity不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数
“^ge quantity of数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数
“large quantities不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数
“a goc/great deal of不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数
A large amount of clean water is wasted every, day
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market
Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city everyryea
A large quantity of money was spent on the br,idge
“a total复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是 总共有......”
“the total复*数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“…的总数”
4）单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来 确定其谓语形式。
常见的这部分名词有 aircraft crossroads, deer, fish headquarters。means ,
series, sheep， species，works 等。如：
The crossroads i矿 are dangerous.
Every means has been tried
All possible means have been tried
A steel works has just been built .there
5) 当主语后面跟有 with, together with along with accompanied by , likein addition toas well as as much as, more than, rather than no less thanexcept, but , besides, including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数 不受这些词语的影响。如：
The rock singe,r along with his bodyguar,d was rushed away from thetheater. Mr. Robbins, accompanied by his wife and childrens arriving tonight
No one but your parents was there then
Tom , together with Mary and Aliceis going to swim this afternoon.
6) the + adj. / v-勰示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the + adj表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The poor live a hard .life
The beautiful lives for.ever
7) there b结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。
There are four chairs and a table in the room
8) “fan单数名词+or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
“ one or two复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
A student or two has failed the exam两个学生考试不及格。
One or two stude nts were pla nting trees yesterday after 昨天i下午有一 两个学生在植树。
9 ）在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。
On the wall are some famous paintings
Between the two windows hangs a picture
10 ）在“lt+ b被强调部分+that/who...结构中，be用单数形式is或was ,如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
lt is l who am a student
lt is they who have worked there for five. years